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Understandable Statistics Concepts And Methods 13th Edition Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase - Solutions
Binomial Distribution: Control Charts This problem will be referred to in the study of control charts(Section 6.1). In the binomial probability distribution, let the number of trials be n 5 3, and let the probability of success be p 5 0.0228. Use a calculator to compute(a) the probability of two
Binomial Distribution Table: Symmetry Study the binomial distribution table (Table 3, Appendix II).Notice that the probability of success on a single trial p ranges from 0.01 to 0.95. Some binomial distribution tables stop at 0.50 because of the symmetry in the table. Let’s look for that
Health Care: Office Visits What is the age distribution of patients who make office visits to a doctor or nurse?The following table is based on information taken from the Medical Practice Characteristics section of the Statistical Abstract of the United States (116th edition).Age group, years Under
Social Media Usage According to a 2019 eMarketer poll, 90.4% of individuals born between 1981 and 1996 (millenials) are active users of social media.Compute the following probabilities out of a group of 50 millenials.(a) Find the probability that more than 46 are active on social media.(b) Find the
Business Ethics: Social Media Screening Can social media mistakes hurt your chances of finding a job?According to a survey of 1000 hiring managers across many different industries, 73% claim that they use social media sites to research prospective candidates for any job. Calculate the probability
Business Ethics: Privacy According to a survey conducted by Peter D. Hart Research Associates for the Shell Poll which was reported in USA Today, 53%of adults are concerned that Social Security numbers are used for general identification. For a group of eight adults selected at random, we used
Business Ethics: Social Media Screening Can social media mistakes hurt your chances of finding a job?According to a survey of 1000 hiring managers across many different industries, 73% claim that they use social media sites to research prospective candidates for any job. Use the binomial
Psychology: Myers–Briggs Approximately 75% of all marketing personnel are extroverts, whereas about 60%of all computer programmers are introverts (Source:A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, by Myers and McCaulley).(a) At a meeting of 15 marketing personnel,
Hardware Store: Income Trevor is interested in purchasing the local hardware/sporting goods store in the small town of Dove Creek, Montana. After examining accounting records for the past several years, he found that the store has been grossing over $850 per day about 60% of the business days it is
Psychology: Deceit Aldrich Ames is a convicted traitor who leaked American secrets to a foreign power. Yet Ames took routine lie detector tests and each time passed them. How can this be done? Recognizing control questions, employing unusual breathing patterns, biting one’s tongue at the right
Sociology: Social Media With as much attention as Twitter gets in the news, you might be surprised to learn that only about 10% of people in America use Twitter. In a group with 20 people (assume that it is a random sample of people in America), what is the probability that(a) at least one of them
Sociology: Mother-in-Law Sociologists say that 90%of married women claim that their husband’s mother is the biggest bone of contention in their marriages (sex and money are lower-rated areas of contention). (See the source in Problem 18.) Suppose that six married women are having coffee together
Sociology: Ethics The one-time fling! Have you ever purchased an article of clothing (dress, sports jacket, etc.), worn the item once to a party, and then returned the purchase? This is called a one-time fling. About 10% of all adults deliberately do a one-time fling and feel no guilt about it
Ecology: Wolves The following is based on information taken from The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species, edited by David Brown (University of Arizona Press). Before 1918, approximately 55% of the wolves in the New Mexico and Arizona region were male, and 45% were
Binomial Probabilities: Multiple-Choice Quiz Richard has just been given a 10-question multiplechoice quiz in his history class. Each question has five answers, of which only one is correct. Since Richard has not attended class recently, he doesn’t know any of the answers. Assuming that Richard
Binomial Probabilities: Coin Flip A fair quarter is flipped three times. For each of the following probabilities, use the formula for the binomial distribution and a calculator to compute the requested probability. Next, look up the probability in Table 3 of Appendix II and compare the table result
Basic Computation: Binomial Distribution Consider a binomial experiment with n 5 6 trials where the probability of success on a single trial is p 5 0.20.(a) Find P(0 , r # 2).(b) Interpretation If you conducted the experiment and got 1 or 2 successes, would you be surprised?Why?AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Binomial Distribution Consider a binomial experiment with n 5 6 trials where the probability of success on a single trial is p 5 0.85.(a) Find P(r # 1).(b) Interpretation If you conducted the experiment and got fewer than 2 successes, would you be surprised? Why?AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Binomial Distribution Consider a binomial experiment with n 5 7 trials where the probability of success on a single trial is p 5 0.60.(a) Find P(r 5 7).(b) Find P(r # 6) by using the complement rule.AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Binomial Distribution Consider a binomial experiment with n 5 7 trials where the probability of success on a single trial is p 5 0.30.(a) Find P(r 5 0).(b) Find P(r $ 1) by using the complement rule.AppendixLO1
Critical Thinking: Simulation Central Eye Clinic advertises that 90% of its patients approved for LASIK surgery to correct vision problems have successful surgeries.(a) In the random-number table, assign the digits 0 through 8 to the event “successful surgery” and the digit 9 to the event
Critical Thinking According to the college registrar’s office, 40% of students enrolled in an introductory statistics class this semester are freshmen, 25% are sophomores, 15% are juniors, and 20% are seniors.You want to determine the probability that in a random sample of five students enrolled
Critical Thinking In a carnival game, there are six identical boxes, one of which contains a prize.A contestant wins the prize by selecting the box containing it. Before each game, the old prize is removed and another prize is placed at random in one of the six boxes. Is it appropriate to use the
Critical Thinking In an experiment, there are n independent trials. For each trial, there are three outcomes, A, B, and C. For each trial, the probability of outcome A is 0.40; the probability of outcome B is 0.50; and the probability of outcome C is 0.10.Suppose there are 10 trials.(a) Can we use
Interpretation From long experience a landlord knows that the probability an apartment in a complex will not be rented is 0.10. There are 20 apartments in the complex, and the rental status of each apartment is independent of the status of the others. When a minimum of 16 apartment units are
Interpretation Suppose you are a hospital manager and have been told that there is no need to worry that respirator monitoring equipment might fail because the probability any one monitor will fail is only 0.01.The hospital has 20 such monitors and they work independently. Should you be more
Statistical Literacy In a binomial experiment, is it possible for the probability of success to change from one trial to the next? Explain.AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy For a binomial experiment, how many outcomes are possible for each trial? What are the possible outcomes?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy What does it mean to say that the trials of an experiment are independent?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy What does the random variable for a binomial experiment of n trials measure?AppendixLO1
Apply the binomial probability distribution to find probabilities in real-world situations.AppendixLO1
Find P(r) using the binomial table or technology.AppendixLO1
Compute binomial probabilities using a formula.AppendixLO1
List the five defining features of a binomial experiment.AppendixLO1
Expected Value: Life Insurance Hana is a 60-yearold Asian female in reasonably good health. She wants to take out a $50,000 term (i.e., straight death benefit)life insurance policy until she is 65. The policy will expire on her 65th birthday. The probability of death in a given year is provided by
Expected Value: Life Insurance Mateo is a 60-yearold Latino male in reasonably good health. He wants to take out a $50,000 term (i.e., straight death benefit)life insurance policy until he is 65. The policy will expire on his 65th birthday. The probability of death in a given year is provided by
Spring Break: Caribbean Cruise The college student senate is sponsoring a spring break Caribbean cruise raffle. The proceeds are to be donated to the Samaritan Center for the Homeless. A local travel agency donated the cruise, valued at $2000. The students sold 2852 raffle tickets at $5 per
Fundraiser: Hiking Club The college hiking club is having a fundraiser to buy new equipment for fall and winter outings. The club is selling Chinese fortune cookies at a price of $1 per cookie. Each cookie contains a piece of paper with a different number written on it. A random drawing will
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 25% of adults in the United States live with a disability. This includes disabilities affecting mobility, cognition, vision, hearing, and others. Suppose that we select a random sample of five US adults, and let x 5 the
Fishing: Trout The following data are based on information taken from Daily Creel Summary, published by the Paiute Indian Nation, Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Movie stars and U.S. presidents have fished Pyramid Lake. It is one of the best places in the lower 48 states to catch trophy cutthroat trout. In
History: Florence Nightingale What was the age distribution of nurses in Great Britain at the time of Florence Nightingale? Thanks to Florence Nightingale and the British census of 1851, we have the following information (based on data from the classic text Notes on Nursing, by Florence
Marketing: Income What is the income distribution of super shoppers (see Problem 12). In the following table, income units are in thousands of dollars, and each interval goes up to but does not include the given high value. The midpoints are given to the nearest thousand dollars.Income range 5–15
Marketing: Age What is the age distribution of promotion-sensitive shoppers? A supermarket super shopper is defined as a shopper for whom at least 70%of the items purchased were on sale or purchased with a coupon. The following table is based on information taken from Trends in the United States
Critical Thinking: Simulation We can use the random-number table to simulate outcomes from a given discrete probability distribution. Jose plays basketball and has probability 0.7 of making a freethrow shot. Let x be the random variable that counts the number of successful shots out of 10
Basic Computation: Expected Value For a fundraiser, 1000 raffle tickets are sold and the winner is chosen at random. There is only one prize, $500 in cash. You buy one ticket.(a) What is the probability you will win the prize of$500?(b) Your expected earnings can be found by multiplying the value
Basic Computation: Expected Value and Standard Deviation Consider the probability distribution shown in Problem 3(a). Compute the expected value and the standard deviation of the distribution.AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy When considering a new carnival game, the operators consider the random variable x representing the number of wins a player gets out of 20 attempts. One new game was found to have an expected value of 7.4 wins out of 20, and the probability of getting more than 10 wins was
Statistical Literacy At State College all classes start on the hour, with the earliest start time at 7 a.m. and the latest at 8 p.m. A random sample of freshmen showed the percentages preferring the listed start times.x 0 1 2 P x ( ) 0.25 0.60 0.15 x 0 1 2 P x ( ) 0.25 0.60 0.20 The expected value
Statistical Literacy Consider each distribution.Determine if it is a valid probability distribution or not, and explain your answer.(a)(b)AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy Which of the following are continuous variables, and which are discrete?(a) Speed of an airplane(b) Age of a college professor chosen at random(c) Number of books in the college bookstore(d) Weight of a football player chosen at random(e) Number of lightning strikes in Rocky
Statistical Literacy Which of the following are continuous variables, and which are discrete?(a) Number of traffic fatalities per year in the state of Florida(b) Distance a golf ball travels after being hit with a driver(c) Time required to drive from home to college on any given day(d) Number of
How is the binomial distribution related to other probability distributions, such as the geometric and Poisson?AppendixLO1
How do you compute m and s for the binomial distribution? (SECTION 5.3)AppendixLO1
How can you compute the probability of r successes out of n attempts using the binomial probability distribution? (SECTION 5.2)AppendixLO1
What is a random variable? How do you compute m and s for a discrete random variable? (SECTION 5.1)AppendixLO1
Suppose you are working for the regional water commissioner. You have been asked to submit a brief report about the pH level in ground water in the west Texas region. Write such a report and include appropriate graphs.AppendixLO1
Use the box-and-whisker plot to describe how the data are spread about the median. Are the pH values above the median more spread out than those below? Is this observation consistent with the skew of the histogram?AppendixLO1
Look at the stem-and-leaf plot. Are there any unusually high or low pH levels in this sample of wells? How many wells are neutral (pH of 7)?AppendixLO1
Look at the ogive. What percent of the wells have a pH less than 8.15? Suppose a certain crop can tolerate irrigation water with a pH between 7.35 and 8.55.What percent of the wells could be used for such a crop?AppendixLO1
Look at the histogram. Is the pH distribution for these wells symmetric or skewed? Are lower or higher values more common?AppendixLO1
Make a box-and-whisker plot. Find the interquartile range.AppendixLO1
Compute a 75% Chebyshev interval centered on the mean.AppendixLO1
(a) Verify that Sx 5 772.9 and Sx2 5 5876.6.(b) Compute the sample variance, sample standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for the given data. Is the sample standard deviation small relative to the mean pH?AppendixLO1
Compute the range, mean, median, and mode for the given data.AppendixLO1
Make an ogive using five classes.AppendixLO1
Make a frequency table, histogram, and relativefrequency histogram using five classes. Recall that for decimal data, we “clear the decimal” to determine classes for whole-number data and then reinsert the decimal to obtain the classes for the frequency table of the original data.AppendixLO1
Make a stem-and-leaf display. Use five lines per stem so that leaf values 0 and 1 are on one line, 2 and 3 are on the next line, 4 and 5 are on the next, 6 and 7 are on the next, and 8 and 9 are on the last line of the stem.AppendixLO1
Is the given data nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio?Explain.AppendixLO1
Write a brief description in which you outline how you would obtain a random sample of 102 west Texas water wells. Explain how random numbers would be used in the selection process.AppendixLO1
You are examining two data sets involving test scores, set A and set B. The score 86 appears in both data sets.In which of the following data sets does 86 represent a higher score? Explain.(a) The percentile rank of 86 is higher in set A than in set B.(b) The mean is 80 in both data sets, but set A
Consider two data sets, A and B. The sets are identical except that the high value of data set B is three times greater than the high value of data set A.(a) How do the medians of the two data sets compare?(b) How do the means of the two data sets compare?(c) How do the standard deviations of the
Describe how the presence of possible outliers might be identified on(a) histograms.(b) dotplots.(c) stem-and-leaf displays.(d) box-and-whisker plots.AppendixLO1
Consider the following measures: mean, median, variance, standard deviation, percentile.(a) Which measures utilize relative position of the data values?(b) Which measures utilize actual data values regardless of relative position?AppendixLO1
Performance Rating: Weighted Average A performance evaluation for new sales representatives at Office Automation Incorporated involves several ratings done on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 the highest rating. The activities rated include new contacts, successful contacts, total contacts, dollar
Agriculture: Bell Peppers The pathogen Phytophthora capsici causes bell pepper plants to wilt and die. A research project was designed to study the effect of soil water content and the spread of the disease in fields of bell peppers (Source: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental
Focus Problem: Water Solve the focus problem at the beginning of this chapter.AppendixLO1
Agriculture: Harvest Weight of Maize The following data represent weights in kilograms of maize harvest from a random sample of 72 experimental plots on St. Vincent, an island in the Caribbean (Reference: B.G. F. Springer, Proceedings, Caribbean Food Corps.Soc., Vol. 10, pp. 147–152). Note: These
General: Average Weight An elevator is loaded with 16 people and is at its load limit of 2500 pounds. What is the mean weight of these people?AppendixLO1
Grades: Weighted Average Professor Cramer determines a final grade based on attendance, two papers, three major tests, and a final exam. Each of these activities has a total of 100 possible points.However, the activities carry different weights.Attendance is worth 5%, each paper is worth 8%, each
Political Science: Georgia Democrats How Democratic is Georgia? County-by-county results are shown for a recent election. For your convenience, the data have been sorted in increasing order (Source:County and City Data Book, 12th edition, U.S. Census Bureau).Percentage of Democratic Vote by
Consumer: Radon Gas “Radon: The Problem No One Wants to Face” is the title of an article appearing in Consumer Reports. Radon is a gas emitted from the ground that can collect in houses and buildings.At certain levels it can cause lung cancer. Radon concentrations are measured in picocuries per
Statistical Literacy(a) What measures of variation indicate spread about the mean?(b) Which graphic display shows the median and data spread about the median?AppendixLO1
Expand Your Knowledge: Outliers Some data sets include values so high or so low that they seem to stand apart from the rest of the data. These data are called outliers. Outliers may represent data collection errors, data entry errors, or simply valid but unusual data values. It is important to
Discuss the locations of the medians, the locations of the middle halves of the data banks, and the distances from Q1 and Q3 to the extreme values.AppendixLO1
Health Care: Staff Another survey was done at Center Hospital to determine how long (in months) clerical staff had been in their current positions. The responses(in months) of 20 clerical staff members were 25 22 7 24 26 31 18 14 17 20 31 42 6 25 22 3 29 32 15 72(a) Make a box-and-whisker plot.
Health Care: Nurses At Center Hospital there is some concern about the high turnover of nurses. A survey was done to determine how long (in months) nurses had been in their current positions. The responses (in months) of 20 nurses were 23 2 5 14 25 36 27 42 12 8 7 23 29 26 28 11 20 31 8 36 Make a
Basic Computation: Five-Number Summary, Interquartile Range Consider the following ordered data:2 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 12(a) Find the low, Q1, median, Q3 high.(b) Find the interquartile range.(c) Make a box-and-whisker plot.AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Five-Number Summary, Interquartile Range Consider the following ordered data:2 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 10(a) Find the low, Q1, median, Q3, high.(b) Find the interquartile range.(c) Make a box-and-whisker plot.AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Five-Number Summary, Interquartile Range Consider the following ordered data:5 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 12 13 15(a) Find the low, Q1, median, Q3, and high.(b) Find the interquartile range.(c) Make a box-and-whisker plot.AppendixLO1
Critical Thinking Clayton and Timothy took different sections of Introduction to Economics. Each section had a different final exam. Timothy scored 83 out of 100 and had a percentile rank in his class of 72.Clayton scored 85 out of 100 but his percentile rank in his class was 70. Who performed
Critical Thinking The town of Butler, Nebraska, decided to give a teacher-competency exam and defined the passing scores to be those in the 70th percentile or higher. The raw test scores ranged from 0 to 100. Was a raw score of 82 necessarily a passing score? Explain.AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy One standard for admission to Redfield College is that the student rank in the upper quartile of his or her graduating high school class.What is the minimal percentile rank of a successful applicant?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy Angela took a general aptitude test and scored in the 82nd percentile for aptitude in accounting. What percentage of the scores was at or below her score? What percentage was above?AppendixLO1
Describe how a box-and-whisker plot indicates spread of data about the median.AppendixLO1
Make and interpret a box-and-whisker plot.AppendixLO1
Compute the median, quartiles, and five-number summary from raw data.AppendixLO1
Interpret the meaning of percentile scores.AppendixLO1
Grouped Data: Business Administration What are the big corporations doing with their wealth? One way to answer this question is to examine profits as percentage of assets. A random sample of 50 Fortune 500 companies gave the following information(Source: Based on information from Fortune 500,
Grouped Data: Shoplifting What is the age distribution of adult shoplifters (21 years of age or older) in supermarkets? The following is based on information taken from the National Retail Federation.A random sample of 895 incidents of shoplifting gave the following age distribution:Age
Grouped Data: Anthropology What was the age distribution of prehistoric Native Americans? Extensive anthropologic studies in the southwestern United States gave the following information about a prehistoric extended family group of 80 members on what is now the Navajo Reservation in northwestern
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