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statistics alive
Statistics Alive 3rd Edition Wendy J. Steinberg, Matthew Price - Solutions
Rearrange the equation to solve for the indicated unknown.a. b + 24/8 = 3 Solve for b: _____________________________b. T = 12c − 4 Solve for c: _____________________________c. 12 = 3a Solve for a: _____________________________
Forty college juniors were surveyed regarding the number of dates they had during the previous 30 days. Here are the data. Create a table, in descending score order, showing frequency and cumulative frequency.4, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 5, 0, 32, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 8, 0, 2, 20, 6, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 01, 0,
A college instructor logs attendance throughout the semester for a class of 32 students that meets on M-W-F. Here is the number of classes each student missed during the semester. Create a table, in descending score order, showing frequency and cumulative frequency.0, 1, 4, 2, 8, 1, 2, 45, 0, 2, 2,
The following 36 scores are the distances (to the nearest foot) that middle school boys threw a discus in a recent cross-country meet:69, 108, 70, 59, 86, 67, 54, 82, 9556, 74, 66, 74, 86, 82, 52, 87, 9089, 60, 83, 50, 76, 86, 101, 93, 98102, 79, 63, 87, 88, 93, 58, 83, 65a. Create a grouped
In Table 3.6, what exact score falls at the 25th percentile rank? Use the appropriate formula. Table 3.6 Cumulative Relative Frequency for Statistics Test
Select a score from Table 3.6. Using the appropriate formula, determine that score’s percentile rank. Table 3.6 Cumulative Relative Frequency for Statistics Test
Thirty freshmen living on campus were asked how many times they skipped breakfast during the previous month. A check of their meal card swipes reveals the following number of skips:2, 4, 0, 7, 5, 8, 4, 4, 12, 4, 6, 1, 6, 4, 3, 3, 6, 7, 15, 5, 6, 2, 8, 10, 4, 8, 5, 5, 1, 6a. Create a grouped
For the following 28 scores on a 40-point test,a. Construct a bar graph using 4-point score intervals andb. Draw a frequency curve using 4-point score intervals. 27 24 21 36 25 25 38 27 25 17 31 20 23 35 39 36 32 34 26 30 26 37 33 35 27 34 27 35
Select a score from Table 3.6. Using the appropriate formula, determine that score’s percentile rank. Table 3.6 Cumulative Relative Frequency for Statistics Test
One hundred and thirty-six breast cancer survivors participate in a community walk to raise money for fighting the disease. The number of women who walked various numbers of miles is listed below:a. Counting up from the bottom of the table, what is the ballpark median number of miles walked?b.
For the following political party registrations in a voting district,Republican = 5,924,Democrat = 3,622,Conservative = 840, andLiberal = 614,a. Construct a bar diagram andb. Construct a pie graph (you must first convert the data to percentages).
Fifty clients of an outpatient mental clinic take an anxiety inventory. Scores range from 1 to 10. Here are the scores.a. Counting up from the bottom of the table, what is the ballpark median anxiety score?b. Using the formula for a median, find the exact median anxiety score. Anxiety
For the following carbonated soft drink preferences of 100 college students,cola = 52,lemon-lime = 16,ginger ale = 4,orange = 10, androot beer = 18,a. Construct a bar diagram andb. Construct a pie graph (you must first convert the data to percentages).
A behavior therapist is about to begin working with an ADHD (attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder) child in a classroom setting to reduce the number of times he gets out of his seat, talks out of turn, or goes off-task. To establish a baseline, the therapist observes the child for an hour each
Here is the same set of statistics test scores we worked with in Modules 3, 4, and 5.Find the (a) Range, (b) Variance, and (c) Standard deviation of the statistics test scores. Show your work.
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:What percentage of people have IQs between 85 and 100? Between 100 and 115? Are the percentages the same? Figure 7.3 Normal Curve Percentages, to Two Decimal Places 0.13 -30 2.15 -20 13.59 34.13
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:What percentage of people have IQs between 70 and 130? Figure 7.3 Normal Curve Percentages, to Two Decimal Places 0.13 -30 2.15 -20 13.59 34.13 34.13 -10 M [--- 68%
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:What percentage of SAT takers score below 600? Figure 7.3 Normal Curve Percentages, to Two Decimal Places 0.13 -30 2.15 -20 13.59 34.13 34.13 -10 M [--- 68% ---] 95% 99% +10 13.59 +20 2.15 0.13 +30
You plan to try out for a track team. Every morning for a month, you run a mile and time yourself. What measure of central tendency best summarizes your running speed for the month? Why?
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:What percentage of people have IQs below 70? Above 130? Are the percentages the same? Figure 7.3 Normal Curve Percentages, to Two Decimal Places 0.13 -30 2.15 -20 13.59 34.13 34.13 -10 M [--- 68%
Your instructor gives a 60-item pretest on the first day of your statistics class. Because there has not yet been any statistics instruction, most students score quite low on the test. However, a small number of students have had statistics instruction as part of another course. Those students do
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:What percentage of SAT takers score above 600? Below 600? Are the percentages the same? Figure 7.4 Normal Curve Showing Means and Standard Deviations for a Variety of Common Scores -30 +20
A social psychologist wants to know the physical distance at which people are comfortable when in face-to-face conversation. She engages 20 participants in conversation on a neutral topic. Later, using a stationary video of the conversation taken against a 1 in. × 1 in. background pattern, she
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:Someone with an average IQ who completed a college preparatory program in high school with average grades should score about what on the SAT? Figure 7.4 Normal Curve Showing Means and Standard
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:What percentage of SAT takers score between 500 and 600? Figure 7.3 Normal Curve Percentages, to Two Decimal Places 0.13 -30 2.15 -20 13.59 34.13 34.13 -10 M [--- 68%
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:.What percentage of U.S. adult males are shorter than 5 ft 3½ in.? Taller than 6 ft 3½ in.? Are the percentages the same? Figure 7.4 Normal Curve Showing Means and Standard Deviations for a Variety of
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:An adult American man who is 69.50 in. tall is taller than what percentage of other adult American men? Figure 7.4 Normal Curve Showing Means and Standard Deviations for a Variety of Common
Use the percentages in Figure 7.3 and the values in Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions:What percentage of U.S. adult males are between 5 ft 11½ in. and 6 ft 3½ in. in height? Figure 7.4 Normal Curve Showing Means and Standard Deviations for a Variety of Common Scores -30 +20
Refer to Figure 8.1. Shuai stands 68.00 in. tall. What percentage of people are (a) The same height as or shorter than Shuai, (b) Taller than Shuai, and (c) Between the mean and Shuai’s height? Figure 8.1 Normal Curve, With z Scores
During the past year, the daily price of gasoline per gallon at four local gas stations has been approximately normally distributed. The four gasoline stations’ yearly data and current selling prices are listed below:A citizen’s advocate accuses one of the stations of current price gouging
Refer to Figure 9.3. Macey scores −0.50σ on the SAT. What is her SAT score? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score Scales -30 -3z 55 200 20 5 -20 -2Z 70 300 30 10 -10 -1z 85 400 40 15 M Oz 100 500 50 20 +10 +1z 115 600 60 25 +26 +2z 130 700 70 30 +30 +3z 145 800 80 35 Standard
Refer to Figure 9.3. Burt scores −0.20σ on the SAT. Curt scores −0.40σ on the SAT. By how many SAT points do Burt and Curt differ? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score
Here are the means and standard deviations for various animals’ gestation periods. Gestation times are normally distributed.The following animals were just born:Human at 251 days’ gestationChicken at 20.5 days’ gestationCoral snake at 68.5 days’ gestationPig at 110 days’ gestationHorse at
Refer to Figure 9.3. Ludwig scores +1.8σ on the SAT. What is his SAT score? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score Scales -30 -3z 55 200 20 5 -20 -2Z 70 300 30 10 -10 -1z 85 400 40 15 M Oz 100 500 50 20 +10 +1z 115 600 60 25 +26 +2z 130 700 70 30 +30 +3z 145 800 80 35 Standard
Refer to Figure 9.3. Catherine scores +1.30σ on the extraversion scale of the CPI. What is her extraversion T score? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score
Refer to Figure 9.3. Bip scores +1.4σ on the SAT. Bop scores −0.3σ on the SAT. By how many SAT points do Bip and Bop differ? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score
Refer to Figure 9.3. Luigi scores −0.3σ on the extraversion scale of the CPI. What is his extraversion T score? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score
Refer to Figure 9.3. Barry scores +1.5σ on the responsibility scale of the CPI. Harry scores −0.2σ on the responsibility scale of the CPI. By how many T-score points do Barry and Harry differ? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score
Refer to Figure 9.3. Svetlana scores −0.70σ on the responsibility scale of the CPI. Dymitri scores −0.30σ on the responsibility scale of the CPI. By how many T-score points do their scores differ? Figure 9.3 Normal Curve With Various Transformed Score
A couple already has three children. All three children are boys. Assume that the probabilities of the man fathering a boy or a girl are .50 and .50, respectively. What is the probability that the fourth child will also be a boy?
A couple is planning on having four children. Assume that the probabilities of the man fathering a boy or a girl are .50 and .50, respectively. What is the probability thata. Exactly two will be boys,b. Fewer than two will be boys, andc. More than one will be a boy?
Assume that the probability of MyLady winning a horse race at a given track in given weather conditions against given horses is .50. If MyLady runs in three such races, what is the probability that MyLady will wina. Exactly one race,b. Exactly two races,c. All three races,d. No races, ande. At
A teacher grades in such a way that exactly 50% of the students earn either a B grade or higher. If a student drawn at random takes three unrelated courses with this teacher, what is the probability that the student will earna. No grades of B or higherb. Exactly two grades of B or higher, andc. One
Assume that the probability of MyLady winning a horse race at a given track in given weather conditions against given horses is .50. If MyLady runs in four such races, what is the probability that MyLady will wina. Fewer than three races,b. Exactly two races,c. All four races,d. No race, ande. At
Assume that the probability of MyLady winning a horse race at a given track in given weather conditions against given horses is .50. If MyLady runs in five such races, what is the probability that MyLady will wina. Fewer than two races,b. Exactly four races,c. All five races,d. No race, ande. At
A teacher grades in such a way that exactly 50% of the students earn either a B grade or higher. If a student drawn at random takes five unrelated courses with this teacher, what is the probability that the student will earn a B or higher gradea. In all five courses,b. In exactly two courses, andc.
An educational psychologist is investigating whether or not asking questions at the start of each class lecture changes student retention of the subsequent lecture materials. In some classes, he starts the class lectures with questions, and in others, he does not. What are the IV and DV in this
An annual race director records an average finish time of 12.3 min over many years of results. Runners are not permitted to run the same race twice, so each new year features a new crop of runners. This year’s race by 51 runners completed the course in an average of 12.1 min, with a standard
You conduct a one-sample t test and find that t = +1.69. Your study has 41 participants. Your research hypothesis is nondirectional.a. Can you reject the null hypothesis at α = .01?b. Can you reject the null hypothesis at α = .05?c. Can you reject the null hypothesis at α = .10?
You read a study that reports p = .08. What is the likelihood that the results are due to a treatment decision and not due to mere sampling error?
You read a study that reports p = .02. You do not know the study’s sample size. How confident can you be that the results are not due to mere sampling error?
The Cook-A-Lot company advertises that 90% of its Crock-Pots are still working without need of repair 5 years after purchase. You purchase six Crock-Pots for friends as gifts. What is the probability that all six Crock-Pots will still be working without need of repair after 5 years?
You read an article that says that freshmen who live on campus have a 5% chance of contracting a contagious viral infection that requires them to miss at least one full week of classes. You follow the health of six randomly selected freshmen who neither live together nor are friends with one
You read an article in your college newspaper that says that 30% of all cars on campus are blue. The next morning, you stand at the entrance to your college and log the color of the first 10 cars entering the campus. Four of them are blue. If it is true that 30% of the cars on your campus really
Your friend Suzie forgets to read an assigned chapter. The next day, the instructor gives a pop quiz on the chapter. Suzie must guess at every question. The quiz consists of five questions. Each question is a multiple-choice question, with five possible choices. What is the probability that Suzie
Your friend Ike forgets to read an assigned chapter. The next day the instructor gives a pop quiz on the chapter. Ike must guess at every question. The quiz consists of four questions. Each question is multiple-choice, with four choices. What is the probability that Ike will get at least three of
At a given college, 40% of the students graduate with cum laude honors. What is the probability that all five seniors selected at random will graduate with cum laude honors?
You roll a die six times and get a 2 exactly four of those times. Why can’t you use the binomial table to calculate the probability of that happening?
Your friend Priyadarshi forgets to read an assigned chapter. The next day the instructor gives a pop quiz on the chapter. Priyadarshi must guess at every question. The quiz consists of six questions. Each question has three choices: “always,” “sometimes,” or “never.” Priyadarshi hopes
The same friend discussed in this module who claimed to have special psychic powers now claims to have an extraordinary palate as well. She claims that she can tell the difference between store-brand peanut butter and name-brand peanut butter by taste alone. You put her claim to the test. Ten days
Professor Knotso Swift wants to know whether students learn better with or without an accompanying textbook for his lectures. What sampling technique (simple random, stratified random, cluster, convenience) is Professor Swift using in each of the following studies?a. He uses the textbook for
Assume that administrators at a university administered a satisfaction survey to a sample of students. To get a representative sample, they first determined the proportion of students who are freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. Then, they classified courses as 100, 200, 300, or 400 level
One day, while eating a prepackaged meal, my son bit down on something hard. It was a metal clip of some sort. We sent the object to the manufacturer, who determined that it was a clamp from one of their processing machines. In a letter of apology, the director of quality assurance indicated that
A market research company maintains an office in a shopping mall. Employees of the market research company stop every nth (i.e., some predetermined number, such as every 16th) shopper who passes by to ask a series of market preference questions. What sampling method are they using?
An organization is running a raffle to raise money. The fund-raisers place all of the purchased tickets into a bowl. When sufficient tickets have been sold, a volunteer sticks his hand into the bowl and draws three winning tickets. What sampling method are they using?
A state education department wants to try out a new fourth grade history curriculum. It assigns a number to every fourth-grade class in the state. Then it randomly selects 100 fourth-grade classes from among the numbered classes. Teachers of the selected fourthgrade classes teach with the new
Researchers place an advertisement in a newspaper, offering $25 to anyone who participates in their study. Everyone who volunteers is accepted until the study’s participant cap is reached. What sampling method are they using?
A polling organization asks every 10th person who exits the voting booth to say which candidate he or she voted for. What sampling method are they using?
A psychologist studies the number of video games played per week by students who hold a job while attending school and students who don’t hold a job while attending school. What are the IV and the DV in this study?
A psychologist assigns teenagers to listen to rap music or classical music, and then the psychologist studies the amount of aggression displayed by those teenagers in a simulated conflict situation. What are the IV and the DV in this study?
A study by De Belis et al. (2000) found that the hippocampus of adolescents and young adults who were heavy drinkers was 10% smaller than the hippocampus of their peers who were not heavy drinkers. What are the IV and the DV in this study?
Olweus (1993) found that boys who had been bullied during childhood suffered more depression in their 20s than boys who had not been bullied during childhood. What are the IV and the DV in this study?
A camp director is investigating the number of recreational activities that boys versus girls sign up to participate in. What are the IV and DV in this study?
In answering the following exercises, it will be helpful to have before you the definitions of Type I and Type II errors that you have already learned. Here is a reminder:Type I: There really is not an effect (population truth), but you find one (your decision) in your study.Type II: There really
In answering the following exercises, it will be helpful to have before you the definitions of Type I and Type II errors that you have already learned. Here is a reminder:Type I: There really is not an effect (population truth), but you find one (your decision) in your study.Type II: There really
In answering the following exercises, it will be helpful to have before you the definitions of Type I and Type II errors that you have already learned. Here is a reminder:Type I: There really is not an effect (population truth), but you find one (your decision) in your study.Type II: There really
In answering the following exercises, it will be helpful to have before you the definitions of Type I and Type II errors that you have already learned. Here is a reminder:Type I: There really is not an effect (population truth), but you find one (your decision) in your study.Type II: There really
In general, students who attend private universities come from higher socioeconomic families than those who attend public universities. A sociologist selects a random sample of students from each type of university and finds that the students from the public university sample have higher
This module did not introduce any new calculations. However, test your understanding of the concepts introduced with the following exercises.Draw a normal curve showing ±3 standard deviations, and place the z-score scale along the X-axis (see Module 8 if you have forgotten the scale). Now, write
The average SAT score is 500. The standard deviation is 100. Monica scores 440.a. State the null hypothesis.b. State the research (alternative) hypothesis.c. If Monica is just a random SAT taker, what is the probability that she would score as low as she did or lower?d. You have not learned the
Clients of an eating disorder clinic (N = 64) take a self-esteem test. The scores are positively skewed. What will be the shape of the sampling distribution of the mean for this test? Explain your answer.
SAT scores are normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. Using the formula for σM, what will σM be whena. The sample size is 25,b. The sample size is 121, andc. The sample size is 400?
Assume that the distribution for mile running times is normal for members of college athletic teams nationwide, with a mean of 6.3 min and a standard deviation of 0.4 min. Using the formula for σM, what will σM be whena. The local team size is 9,b. The local team size is 16, andc. The local team
A biokinetics instructor measures the resting heart rate of a new class of students. Their average resting heart rate is 72. The instructor wants to know whether or not this is significantly different from that of the population at large. What two additional pieces of information does the
According to the information on a granola raisin bran cereal box, the cereal is packaged in boxes containing 18.0 oz. of cereal, with a standard deviation of 0.5 oz. Assume that a quality assurance investigator pulls out a random sample of 32 boxes of this cereal and weighs the boxes’ contents.
Each scale on the NEO-PR Personality Inventory is scaled with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Professor Jovial administers the NEO-PR to a class of psychology majors (N = 30) and finds that the students’ average score on the Gregarious (extraversion) scale is 72. If psychology majors
Affection Connection is a respected dating service for busy professionals seeking an alternative to singles’ clubs. Nationwide, the company claims that the mean length of time for the relationships they connect is 10 months, with a standard deviation of 2 months. The local franchise’s office
Clyde has recently opened a pizza restaurant. His main competitor, Lorraine’s Pizza Palace, claims that it can take a customer’s order, prepare the pizza, and deliver it to the customer’s table in an average of 8 min. Having eaten at Lorraine’s many times before, Clyde suspects that the
Ms. DuGood is chairing a local fund-raising campaign for Helps-a-Lot charity. Literature from the charity’s national headquarters indicates that the average local contribution is $27.32. Under Ms. DuGood’s leadership, 632 donors contribute an average of $28.19 to the local campaign. The
The average life expectancy of the migratory Canada goose is 7.2 months, but the first half-year of life shows the fewest survivors. A wildlife biologist is studying the life span of a local flock of 30 geese. Through banding and radiomonitoring, she determines the life span of the local flock to
Carmine reads an article that says that male college students study less than female college students. Carmine wonders if this is really so. He asks 20 randomly selected students—10 males and 10 females—from his coed dorm to record their study times for a period of 4 weeks. Here are the
A parole officer measures the average age of new felons. The average age of the 20 new felons in his district is 27.8 years, with a sM of 0.492 year.a. What point estimate should the parole officer predict for the average age of any future group of felons in his district?b. In constructing an
A video arcade owner wonders if boys or girls spend more time playing video games once they enter the arcade. He records the playing time for 10 boys and 10 girls selected at random. No more than one person is selected from among a group of friends, to minimize the effect of group behavior on
On a reaction time task, 22 randomly selected participants take an average of 0.65 s to respond to a prompt. The sM is 0.03 s. What is the 95% CI for reaction time for similar participants?
An employee benefits administrator wonders if the amount of the insurance co-pay affects the number of times employees visit a doctor per year. The company offers two plans. One plan has a higher visit co-pay in return for a larger cap on annual coverage. The other plan has a lower visit co-pay but
A study uses very small sample sizes. Considering the effect of sample size on sM, what effect will this have on the size of sM1-M2?
The actual difference between the means of a treated group and an untreated group is 3 points. This amount might or might not be found to be significant depending on the sample size. Explain this in terms of the formula for the two-sample t-test statistic.
Assume that our research hypothesis for the above study is nondirectional. That is, while we believe that the type of treatment given will affect the level of depression, we have no idea which treatment—medication or counseling—will be more effective. Look up the critical t for this two-tailed
A researcher begins his study with 50 participants in one treatment and 50 participants in the other treatment. During the study, 4 participants in the first treatment drop out of the study, and 1 participant in the other treatment drops out of the study. Which t test should he use to analyze his
A local newspaper reports the results of the reading achievement study in Exercise 2 above with the following headline: “Children Taught to Read by Phonics Outscore Students Taught to Read by Whole Language.” In an editorial, the newspaper editor suggests that the study be replicated locally,
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