Understandable Statistics Concepts And Methods 11th Edition Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase - Solutions

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think the technologies make driving more enjoyable;AppendixLO1
worry that insurance rates could increase because of knowledge of driving habits;AppendixLO1
worry about letting companies know too much about location and driving habits;AppendixLO1
worry that the technologies cause too much distraction and are dangerous;AppendixLO1
Technology: Cars The following cluster bar graph shows responses from different age groups to questions regarding connectivity and tracking technology found in new cars. A recent Harris Poll asked respondents how much they agreed or disagreed with statements that they AppendixLO1
Health: Cases How fast does a virus spread through the world population? Information from the web site www.Statnews.com provided the following data about the new daily COVID-19 virus cases that occurred globally for the first 20 days starting from January 23, 2020.Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 New Cases
Ecology: Lakes Pyramid Lake, Nevada, is described as the pride of the Paiute Indian Nation. It is a beautiful desert lake famous for very large trout. The elevation of the lake surface (feet above sea level) varies according to the annual flow of the Truckee River from Lake Tahoe. The U.S.
Driving: Bad Habits Driving would be more pleasant if we didn’t have to put up with the bad habits of other drivers. USA Today reported the results of a Valvoline Oil Company survey of 500 drivers, in which the drivers marked their complaints about other drivers.The top complaints turned out to
FBI Report: Hawaii In the Aloha state, you are very unlikely to be murdered! However, it is considerably more likely that your house might be burgled, your car might be stolen, or you might be punched in the nose.That said, Hawaii is still a great place to vacation or, if you are very lucky, to
Education: College Professors’ Time How do college professors spend their time? The National Education Association Almanac of Higher Education gives the following average distribution of professional time allocation: teaching, 51%; research, 16%;professional growth, 5%; community service,
Lifestyle: Hide the Mess! A survey of 1000 adults(reported in USA Today) uncovered some interesting housekeeping secrets. When unexpected company comes, where do we hide the mess? The survey showed that 68% of the respondents toss their mess into the closet, 23% shove things under the bed, 6% put
Archaeology: Ireland Commercial dredging operations in ancient rivers occasionally uncover archaeological artifacts of great importance. One such artifact is Bronze Age spearheads recovered from ancient rivers in Ireland. A recent study gave the following information regarding discoveries of
Commercial Fishing: Gulf of Alaska It’s not an easy life, but it’s a good life! Suppose you decide to take the summer off and sign on as a deck hand for a commercial fishing boat in Alaska that specializes in deep-water fishing for groundfish. What kind of fish can you expect to catch? One way
Education: Does College Pay Off? It is costly in both time and money to go to college. Does it pay off?According to the Bureau of the Census, the answer is yes. The average annual income (in thousands of dollars) of a household headed by a person with the stated education level is as follows: 24.3
Critical Thinking Your friend is thinking about buying shares of stock in a company. You have been tracking the closing prices of the stock shares for the past 90 trading days. Which type of graph for the data, histogram or time-series, would be best to show your friend? Why?AppendixLO1
Critical Thinking A personnel office is gathering data regarding working conditions. Employees are given a list of five conditions that they might want to see improved. They are asked to select the one item that is most critical to them. Which type of graph, circle graph or Pareto chart, would be
Interpretation Look at graph (b) of Reasons People Like Texting on Cell Phones. Is this a proper bar graph? Explain.AppendixLO1
Interpret information displayed in graphs.AppendixLO1
Construct bar graphs, Pareto charts, circle graphs, and time-series graphs.AppendixLO1
Determine types of graphs appropriate for specific data.AppendixLO1
Dotplot: Tumor Recurrence Draw or use technology to make a dotplot for the data in Problem 20 regarding the recurrence of tumors after chemotherapy. Compare the dotplot to the histogram of Problem 20.AppendixLO1
Dotplot: Dog Sled Racing Draw or use technology to make a dotplot for the data in Problem 18 regarding the finish time (number of hours) for the Iditarod Dog Sled Race. Compare the dotplot to the histogram of Problem 18.AppendixLO1
Decimal Data: Batting Averages The following data represent baseball batting averages for a random sample of National League players near the end of the baseball season. The data are from the baseball statistics section of the Denver Post.0.194 0.258 0.190 0.291 0.158 0.295 0.261 0.250 0.181 0.125
Expand Your Knowledge: Decimal Data The following data represent tonnes of wheat harvested each year (1894–1925) from Plot 19 at the Rothamsted Agricultural Experiment Stations, England.2.71 1.62 2.60 1.64 2.20 2.02 1.67 1.99 2.34 1.26 1.31 1.80 2.82 2.15 2.07 1.62 1.47 2.19 0.59 1.48 0.77 2.04
Advertising: Readability “Readability Levels of Magazine Ads,” by F. K. Shuptrine and D. D. McVicker, is an article in the Journal of Advertising Research.(For more information, find the web site for DASL, the Carnegie Mellon University Data and Story Library. Look in Data Subjects under
Education: College Enrollment What percent of undergraduate enrollment in coed colleges and universities in the United States is male? A random sample of 50 such institutions give the following data(Source: USA Today College Guide).Percent of Males Enrolled in Coed Universities and Colleges 31 39
Archaeology: New Mexico The Wind Mountain excavation site in New Mexico is an important archaeological location of the ancient Native American Anasazi culture. The following data represent depths (in cm) below surface grade at which significant artifacts were discovered at this site (Reference: A.
Medical: Tumor Recurrence Certain kinds of tumors tend to recur. The following data represent the lengths of time, in months, for a tumor to recur after chemotherapy (Reference: D. P. Byar, Journal of Urology, Vol. 10, pp. 556–561). Note: These data are also available for download at the
Medical: Glucose Testing The following data represent glucose blood levels (mg/100 mL) after a 12-hour fast for a random sample of 70 women(Reference: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 19, pp. 345–351). Note: These data are also available for download at the Companion Sites for this
Sports: Dog Sled Racing How long does it take to finish the 1161-mile Iditarod Dog Sled Race from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska (see Viewpoint)? Finish times (to the nearest hour) for 57 dogsled teams are shown below.261 271 236 244 279 296 284 299 288 288 247 256 338 360 341 333 261 266 287 296 313
Advertising: Readability “Readability Levels of Magazine Ads,” by F. K. Shuptrine and D. D. McVicker, is an article in the Journal of Advertising Research.(For more information, find the web site for DASL, the Carnegie Mellon University Data and Story Library. Look in Data Subjects under
Education: College Enrollment What percent of undergraduate enrollment in coed colleges and universities in the United States is male? A random sample of 50 such institutions give the following data(Source: USA Today College Guide).Percent of Males Enrolled in Coed Universities and Colleges 31 39
Archaeology: New Mexico The Wind Mountain excavation site in New Mexico is an important archaeological location of the ancient Native American Anasazi culture. The following data represent depths (in cm) below surface grade at which significant artifacts were discovered at this site (Reference: A.
Medical: Tumor Recurrence Certain kinds of tumors tend to recur. The following data represent the lengths of time, in months, for a tumor to recur after chemotherapy (Reference: D. P. Byar, Journal of Urology, Vol. 10, pp. 556–561). Note: These data are also available for download at the
Medical: Glucose Testing The following data represent glucose blood levels (mg/100 mL) after a 12-hour fast for a random sample of 70 women(Reference: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 19, pp. 345–351). Note: These data are also available for download at the Companion Sites for this
Sports: Dog Sled Racing How long does it take to finish the 1161-mile Iditarod Dog Sled Race from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska (see Viewpoint)? Finish times (to the nearest hour) for 57 dogsled teams are shown below.261 271 236 244 279 296 284 299 288 288 247 256 338 360 341 333 261 266 287 296 313
Critical Thinking The following data represent annual salaries, in thousands of dollars, for employees of a small company. Notice that the data have been sorted in increasing order.54 55 55 57 57 59 60 65 65 65 66 68 68 69 69 70 70 70 75 75 75 75 77 82 82 82 88 89 89 91 91 97 98 98 98 280(a) Make a
Critical Thinking A web site rated 100 colleges and ranked the colleges from 1 to 100, with a rank of 1 being the best. Each college was ranked, and there were no ties. If the ranks were displayed in a histogram, what would be the shape of the histogram: skewed, uniform, or mound-shaped?AppendixLO1
Interpretation You have been hired to work for a large athletic company to help in the development of their newest basketball shoe. To minimize overproduction, you decide to collect data on the shoe sizes for adults to help determine how much of each size should be produced.(a) What type of shape
Interpretation You are manager of a specialty coffee shop and collect data throughout a full day regarding waiting time for customers from the time they enter the shop until the time they pick up their order.(a) What type of distribution would be most desireable to ensure customers were not waiting
Basic Computation: Midpoint. One of the class limits for a data set has a class limit of 19225. Find the midpoint for this class.AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Midpoint. One of the class limits for a data set has a class limit of 10219. Find the midpoint for this class.AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Class Limits A data set with whole numbers has a low value of 10 and a high value of 120. Find the class width and class limits for a frequency table with five classes.AppendixLO1
Basic Computation: Class Limits A data set with whole numbers has a low value of 20 and a high value of 82. Find the class width and class limits for a frequency table with seven classes.AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy A data set has values ranging from a low of 10 to a high of 50. The class width is to be 10.What’s wrong with using the class limits 10220, 21231, 32242, 43253 for a frequency table with a class width of 10?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy A data set has values ranging from a low of 10 to a high of 50. What’s wrong with using the class limits 10220, 20230, 30240, 40250 for a frequency table?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy A data set has values ranging from a low of 10 to a high of 52. What’s wrong with using the class limits 10219, 20229, 30239, 40249 for a frequency table?AppendixLO1
Statistical Literacy What is the difference between a class boundary and a class limit?AppendixLO1
How do we use a stem-and-leaf display to quickly order and reveal the shape of the distribution of data?AppendixLO1
How can you properly graph data to avoid misleading information? (SECTION 2.2)AppendixLO1
What graphs are appropriate for specific data sets? (SECTION 2.2)AppendixLO1
What are common shapes for a distribution of data? (SECTION 2.1)AppendixLO1
What are histograms? When are they used? (SECTION 2.1)AppendixLO1
7. Runs Test for Randomness: Sunspots The January mean number of sunspots is recorded for a sequence of recent Januaries (Reference: International Astronomical Union Quarterly Bulletin on Solar Activity).57.9 38.7 19.8 15.3 17.5 28.2 110.9 121.8 104.4 111.5 9.13 61.5 43.4 27.6 18.9 8.1 16.4 51.9
6. Spearman Rank Correlation: Calcium Tests Random collections of nine different solutions of a calcium compound were given to two laboratories A and B. Each laboratory measured the calcium content (in mmol per liter)and reported the results. The data are paired by calcium compound (Reference:
5. Rank-Sum Test: Apple Trees Commercial apple trees usually consist of two parts grafted together. The upper part, or graft, determines the character of the fruit, while the root stock determines the size of the tree. (Reference: East Malling Research Station, England.) The following data are from
4. Sign Test: Wind Direction The following data are paired by date. Let x and y be random variables representing wind direction at 5 a.m. and 5 p.m., respectively (units are degrees on a compass, with 0 representing true north).The readings were taken at seeding level in a cloud seeding
3. Testing and Estimating Variances: Iris Random samples of two species of iris gave the following petal lengths (in cm) (Reference: R. A. Fisher, Annals of Eugenics, Vol. 7).x1, Iris virginica 5.1 5.9 4.5 4.9 5.7 4.8 5.8 6.4 5.6 5.9 x2, Iris versicolor 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.0 3.8 5.1 4.4 4.2(a) Use a 5%
2. Test of Independence: Agriculture Three types of fertilizer were used on 132 identical plots of maize.Each plot was harvested and the yield (in kg) was recorded(Reference: Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute).Type of Fertilizer Yield (kg) I II III Row Total 0–2.9 12 10 15
1. Goodness-of-Fit Test: Rare Events This cumulative review problem uses material from Chapters 3, 5, and 10. Recall that the Poisson distribution deals with rare events. Death from the kick of a horse is a rare event, even in the Prussian army. The following data are a classic example of a Poisson
5. What do we mean by a runs test for randomness? What is a run in a sequence?How can we test for randomness about the median? Why is this an important concept? List at least three applications from your own experience.
4. What do we mean by a monotone relationship between two variables x and y?What do we mean by ranked variables? Give a graphic example of two variables x and y that have a monotone relationship but do not have a linear relationship.Does the Spearman test check for a monotone relationship or a
3. Outline the basic logic and ideas behind the rank-sum test. Under what conditions would you use the rank-sum test and not the sign test? What assumptions must be made in order to use the rank-sum test? List two advantages the ranksum test has that the methods of Section 8.5 do not have. List
2. Outline the basic logic and ideas behind the sign test. Describe how the binomial probability distribution was used in the construction of the sign test. What assumptions must be made about the sign test? Why is the sign test so extremely general in its possible applications? Why is it a special
1. (a) What do we mean by the term nonparametric statistics? What do we mean by the term parametric statistics? How do nonparametric methods differ from the methods we studied earlier?(b) What are the advantages of nonparametric statistical methods? How can they be used in problems to which other
9. Education: True–False Questions Dr. Gill wants to arrange the answers to a true–false exam in random order. The answers in order of occurrence are shown below.T T T T F T T F F T T T T F F F F F F T T T T T T Test the sequence for randomness using a 5 0.05.10. Agriculture: Wheat For the past
8. Cooking School: Chocolate Mousse Two expert French chefs judged chocolate mousse made by students in a Paris cooking school. Each chef ranked the best chocolate mousse as 1.Student 1 2 3 4 5 Rank by Chef Pierre 4 2 3 1 5 Rank by Chef André 4 1 2 3 5 Use a 0.10 level of significance to test the
7. Training Program: Fast Food At McDouglas Hamburger stands, each employee must undergo a training program before he or she is assigned. A group of nine people went through the training program and were assigned to work at the Teton Park McDouglas Hamburger stand. Rankings in performance after the
6. Dogs: Obedience School An obedience school for dogs experimented with two methods of training. One method involved rewards (food, praise); the other involved no rewards. The dogs were randomly placed into two independent groups of 11 each. The number of sessions required to train each of 22 dogs
5. Sales: Paint A chain of hardware stores is trying to sell more paint by mailing pamphlets describing the paint. In 15 communities containing one of these hardware stores, the paint sales (in dollars) were recorded for the months before and after the ads were sent out. The paired results for each
4. Self-Improvement: Memory Professor Adams wrote a book called Improving Your Memory. The professor claims that if you follow the program outlined in the book, your memory will definitely improve. Fifteen people took the professor’s course, in which the book and its program were used. On the
3. Chemistry: Lubricant In the production of synthetic motor lubricant from coal, a new catalyst has been discovered that seems to affect the viscosity index of the lubricant. In an experiment consisting of 23 production runs, 11 used the new catalyst and 12 did not. After each production run, the
2. Critical Thinking Suppose you want to test whether there is a difference in means in a matched pair, “before and after” situation. If you know that the populations under investigation are at least mound-shaped and symmetrical and you have a large sample, is it better to use the parametric
1. Statistical Literacy For nonparametric tests, what assumptions, if any, need to be made concerning the distributions of the populations under investigation?
2. The F distribution is used to construct a one-way ANOVA test for comparing several sample means.(a) Outline the basic purpose of ANOVA. How does ANOVA avoid high risk due to multiple type I errors?(b) Outline the basic assumption for ANOVA.(c) What are the null and alternate hypotheses in an
1. In this chapter, you studied the chi-square distribution and three principal applications of the distribution.(a) Outline the basic ideas behind the chi-square test of independence. What is a contingency table? What are the null and alternate hypotheses? How is the test statistic constructed?
14. Advertising: Newspapers Does the newspaper section in which an ad is placed make a difference in the average daily number of people responding to the ad? Is there a difference in average daily number of people responding to the ad if it is placed in the Sunday newspaper as compared with the
13. Engineering: Light Bulbs Two processes for manufacturing 60-watt light bulbs are under study. In both cases, the life (in hours) of the bulb before it burns out is being examined. A random sample of 18 light bulbs manufactured using the old process showed the sample variance of lifetimes to be
12. Engineering: Roller Bearings Two processes for manufacturing large roller bearings are under study. In both cases, the diameters (in centimeters) are being examined. A random sample of 21 roller bearings from the old manufacturing process showed the sample variance of diameters to be s2 5
11. Sociology: Age Distribution A sociologist is studying the age of the population in Blue Valley. Ten years ago, the population was such that 20% were under 20 years old, 15% were in the 20- to 35-year-old bracket, 30% were between 36 and 50, 25% were between 51 and 65, and 10% were over 65. A
10. Packaging: Corn Flakes A machine that puts corn flakes into boxes is adjusted to put an average of 15 ounces into each box, with standard deviation of 0.25 ounce.If a random sample of 12 boxes gave a sample standard deviation of 0.38 ounce, do these data support the claim that the variance has
9. Teacher Ratings: Grades Professor Stone complains that students’ teacher ratings depend on the grade students receive. In other words, according to Professor Stone, a teacher who gives good grades gets good ratings, and a teacher who gives bad grades gets bad ratings. To test this claim, the
8. Computer Science: Data Processing Anela is a computer scientist who is formulating a large and complicated program for a type of data processing. She has three ways of storing and retrieving data: CD, tape, and disk. As an experiment, she sets up her program in three different ways: one using
6. Education: Exams Professor Fair believes that extra time does not improve grades on exams. He randomly divided a group of 300 students into two groups and gave them all the same test. One group had exactly 1 hour in which to finish the test, and the other group could stay as long as desired. The
5. Sales: Packaging The makers of Country Boy Corn Flakes are thinking about changing the packaging of the cereal in the hope of improving sales. In an experiment, five stores of similar size in the same region sold Country Boy Corn Flakes in different-shaped containers for 2 weeks. Total packages
4. Critical Thinking Suppose you take a random sample from a normal population and you want to determine whether there is sufficient statistical evidence to claim that the population variance differs from a corresponding variance specified in a government contract. Which type of test is
3. Critical Thinking Suppose you took random samples from three distinct age groups. Through a survey, you determined how many respondents from each age group preferred to get news from TV, newspapers, the Internet, or another source (respondents could select only one mode). What type of test would
2. Statistical Literacy Of the following probability distributions, which are always symmetric: normal, Student’s t, chi-square, F?
1. Statistical Literacy Of the following random variables, which have only nonnegative values: z, t, chi-square, F?
6. Use the Internet or go to the library and find a magazine or journal article in your field of major interest to which the content of this chapter could be applied.List the variables used, method of data collection, and general type of information and conclusions drawn.
5. If you did not cover Section 9.4, Multiple Regression, omit this problem.For many applications in statistics, more data lead to more accurate results. In multiple regression, we have more variables (and data) than we have in most simple regression problems. Why will this usually lead to more
4. Look at the formula for confidence bounds for least-squares predictions. Which of the following conditions do you think will result in a shorter confidence interval for a prediction?(a) Larger or smaller values for the standard error of estimate(b) Larger or smaller number of data pairs(c) A
3. In this chapter, we discussed three measures for “goodness of fit” of the leastsquares line for given data. These measures were standard error of estimate, correlation coefficient, and coefficient of determination. Discuss the ways in which these measurements are different and the ways in
2. What do we mean by the least-squares criterion? Give a very general description of how the least-squares criterion is involved in the construction of the least-squares line. Why do we say the least-squares line is the “best-fitting” line for the data set?
1. What do we mean when we say that two variables have a strong positive (or negative)linear correlation? What would a scatter diagram for these variables look like?Is it possible that two variables could be strongly related somehow but have a low linear correlation? Explain and draw a scatter
10. Focus Problem: Changing Population and Crime Rate Let x be a random variable representing percentage change in neighborhood population in the past few years, and let y be a random variable representing crime rate (crimes per 1000 population). A random sample of six Denver neighborhoods gave the
9. Marketing: Coupons Each box of Healthy Crunch breakfast cereal contains a coupon entitling you to a free package of garden seeds. At the Healthy Crunch home office, they use the weight of incoming mail to determine how many of their employees are to be assigned to collecting coupons and mailing
7. Medical: Fat Babies Modern medical practice tells us not to encourage babies to become too fat. Is there a positive correlation between the weight x of a 1-year-old baby and the weight y of the mature adult (30 years old)? A random sample of medical files produced the following information for
6. Sociology: Job Changes A sociologist is interested in the relation between x 5 number of job changes and y 5 annual salary (in thousands of dollars)for people living in the Nashville area. A random sample of 10 people employed in Nashville provided the following information:x (Number of job
5. Desert Ecology: Wildlife Bighorn sheep are beautiful wild animals found throughout the western United States. Data for this problem are based on information taken from The Desert Bighorn, edited by Monson and Sumner(University of Arizona Press). Let x be the age of a bighorn sheep (in years),

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Understandable Statistics Concepts And Methods 11th Edition Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase - Solutions

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