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statistics for experimentert

Introductory Statistics 10th Global Edition Neil A. Weiss - Solutions

World Chess Championship. The top two players in the 2012 World Chess Championship were Viswanathan Anand and Boris Gelfand. The two players hold ranks 7 and 26, respectively, in the FIDE Ranking. The champion of the championship was Viswanathan Anand. The following table provides the matches won
Doing Time. According to Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, published by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the mean time served to first release by Federal prisoners is 32.9 months. Assume the standard deviation of the times served is 17.9 months. Let x denote time served to first release by
Gestation Periods of Humans. Gestation periods of humans have a mean of 266 days and a standard deviation of 16 days. Let y denote the variable “gestation period” for humans.a. Find the standardized variable corresponding to y.b. What are the mean and standard deviation of the standardized
Frog Thumb Length. W. Duellman and J. Kohler explore a new species of frog in the article “New Species of Marsupial Frog(Hylidae: Hemiphractinae: Gastrotheca) from the Yungas of Bolivia”(Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 91–100). These two museum researchers collected information on
Low-Birth-Weight Hospital Stays. Data on low-birthweight babies were collected over a 2-year period by 14 participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Results were reported by J. Lemons et al. in the on-line paper “Very Low Birth
Alzheimer’s Disease. A patient who has been recently diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease takes a cognitive ability test. The patient scores a 45 in the test, whereas the mean of the test is usually 52 with a standard deviation of 5.a. Find the z-score for the patient, assuming that the test is
Age. Suppose you select a random sample of 18 people from a population. It is known that the mean age of the population is 32.0.For your sample, the mean age was 28.0 and the standard deviation was 3.2. Is the mean age of your sample significantly different from the mean age of the
Consider the following three data sets.Data Set 1 Data Set 2 Data Set 3 2 4 7553 47897 7 3 986 45345a. Assuming that each of these data sets is sample data, compute the standard deviations. (Round your final answers to two decimal places.)b. Assuming that each of these data sets is population data,
Dallas Mavericks. From the ESPN website, in the Dallas Mavericks Roster, we obtained the following weights, in pounds, for the players on that basketball team for the 2013–2014 season.185 270 211 220 235 250 215 200 185 192 240 188 215 176 195 228 189 191 255 245 210 Use the technology of your
Stewed Tomatoes. A company produces cans of stewed tomatoes with an advertised weight of 14 oz. The standard deviation of the weights is known to be 0.4 oz. A quality-control engineer selects a can of stewed tomatoes at random and finds its net weight to be 17.28 oz.a. Estimate the relative
Buying a Home. Suppose that you are thinking of buying a resale home in a large tract. The owner is asking $205,500. Your realtor obtains the sale prices of comparable homes in the area that have sold recently. The mean of the prices is $220,258 and the standard deviation is $5,237. Does it appear
Copperhead and Tiger Snakes. S. Fearn et al. compare two types of snakes in the article “Body Size and Trophic Divergence of Two Large Sympatric Elapic Snakes in Tasmania” (Australian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 159–165). Tiger snakes and lowland copperheads are both large snakes
use and understand the formulas in this chapter.
explain the purpose of a measure of center.
obtain and interpret the mean, the median, and the mode(s)of a data set.
choose an appropriate measure of center for a data set.
use and understand summation notation.
define, compute, and interpret a sample mean.
define, compute, and interpret the range of a data set.
define, compute, and interpret a sample standard deviation.
state and apply Chebyshev’s rule.
state and apply the empirical rule.
define percentiles, deciles, and quartiles.
obtain and interpret the quartiles, IQR, and five-number summary of a data set.
obtain the lower and upper limits of a data set and identify potential outliers.
construct and interpret a boxplot.
use boxplots to compare two or more data sets.
state pertinent properties of boxplots for right-skewed, symmetric, and left-skewed distributions.
define and interpret the population mean (mean of a variable).
define and interpret the population standard deviation (standard deviation of a variable).
compute the population mean and population standard deviation of a finite population.
understand how and why statistics are used to estimate parameters.
define and obtain standardized variables.
obtain and interpret z-scores.
Complete the statement: Almost all the observations in any data set lie within standard deviations to either side of the mean.
What does Chebyshev’s rule say about the percentage of observations in any data set that lie withina. six standard deviations to either side of the mean?b.
standard deviations to either side of the mean?
A data set of size 200 with roughly a bell-shaped distribution has mean 50 and standard deviation 10. Approximately how many observations lie between 30 and 70?
Regarding z-scores:a. How is a z-score obtained?b. What is the interpretation of a z-score?c. An observation has a z-score of 2.9. Roughly speaking, what is the relative standing of the observation?Applying the Concepts and Skills
Test Match. Sachin Tendulkar, a former cricket player of India played International cricket from 1989 to 2013. His debut match was a test match against Pakistan in 1989. He has played a total of 200 test matches with a total of 15,921 runs. The following table shows the number of runs he scored
Duration of Marriages. The National Center for Health Statistics publishes information on the duration of marriages in Vital Statistics of the United States. Which measure of center is more appropriate for data on the duration of marriages, the mean or the median? Explain your answer.
Causes of Death. The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics collects data on causes of death and publishes its findings in National Vital Statistics Reports. Which of the three main measures of center is appropriate for causes of death? Explain your answer.
Fossil Argonauts. In the article “Fossil Argonauts (Mollusca:Cephalopoda: Octopodida) from Late Miocene Siltstones of the Los Angeles Basin, California” (Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 520–531), paleontologists L. Saul and C. Stadum discussed fossilized Argonaut egg cases from
Road Patrol. In the paper “Injuries and Risk Factors in a 100-Mile (161-km) Infantry Road March” (Preventative Medicine, Vol. 28, pp. 167–173), K. Reynolds et al. reported on a study commissioned by the U.S. Army. The purpose of the study was to improve medical planning and identify risk
Millionaires. Dr. Thomas Stanley of Georgia State University has collected information on millionaires, including their ages, since 1973. A sample of 36 millionaires has a mean age of 58.5 years and a standard deviation of 13.4 years.a. Complete the following graph.x – – x − 3s –x − 2s
The objective of the article, “Caffeinated and Caffeine-free Beverages and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes” (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 97, No. 1,pp. 155–166) by S. Bhupathiraju et al., was to examine the association between caffeinated beverages and type 2 diabetes risk. The mean
Millionaires. Refer to Problem 20. The ages of the 36 millionaires sampled are arranged in increasing order in the following table.31 38 39 39 42 42 45 47 48 48 48 52 52 53 54 55 57 59 60 61 64 64 66 66 67 68 68 69 71 71 74 75 77 79 79 79a. Determine the quartiles for the data.b. Obtain and
Oxygen Distribution. In the article “Distribution of Oxygen in Surface Sediments from Central Sagami Bay, Japan: In Situ Measurements by Microelectrodes and Planar Optodes” (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Vol. 52, Issue 10, pp. 1974–1987), R. Glud et al. explored the
A Better Golf Tee? An independent golf equipment testing facility compared the difference in the performance of golf balls hit off a regular 2-3/4 wooden tee to those hit off a 3 Stinger Competition golf tee. A Callaway Great Big Bertha driver with 10 degrees of loft was used for the test, and
Power 90 Extreme. Beachbody, LLC, provides fitness programs, including home workout videos and nutrition. P90X, or Power 90 Extreme, is a home exercise program that consists of an intense series of workout DVDs. It is a 90-day program that uses the term “muscle confusion” to refer to their
Population. The Census of India provides a variety of statistical information on different aspects of the Indian population. According to the Population Enumeration Data for the 2011 census, provided on the official website for the Indian census censusindia.gov.in, the top 9 metro cities on the
Gasoline Prices. The U.S. Energy Information Administration reports weekly figures on retail gasoline prices in Weekly Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices. Every Monday, retail prices for all three grades of gasoline are collected by telephone from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline
U.S. Divisions and Regions. The U.S. Census Bureau classifies the states in the United States by region and division. The data giving the region and division of each state are presented on the WeissStats site. Use the technology of your choice to determine the mode(s) of thea. regions.b.
Agricultural Exports. The U.S. Department of Agriculture collects data pertaining to the value of agricultural exports and publishes its findings in U.S. Agricultural Trade Update. For one year, the values of these exports, by state, are provided on the WeissStats site.Data are in millions of
Life Expectancy. From The World Bank, in the document Life Expectancy at Birth, we obtained data on the expectation of life (in years) at birth for people in various countries. Those data are presented on the WeissStats site.
High and Low Temperatures. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration publishes temperature data in Climatography of the United States. According to that document, the annual average maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in the United States are as provided on the
Vegetarians and Omnivores. Philosophical and health issues are prompting an increasing number of Taiwanese to switch to a vegetarian lifestyle. In the paper “LDL of Taiwanese Vegetarians Are Less Oxidizable than Those of Omnivores” (Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 130, pp. 1591–1596), S. Lu et al.
Fill in the following blank: Observational studies can reveal only association, whereas designed experiments can help establish .Applying the Concepts and Skills In Exercises 1.7–1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
TV Viewing Times. Data from a sample of Americans yielded the following estimates of average TV viewing time per month for all Americans 2 years old and older. The times are in hours and minutes; Q1 stands for first quarter. [SOURCE: The Cross-Platform Report, Quarter 1, 2011. Published by The
Professional Athlete Salaries. From the Statistical Abstract of the United States and the article “Average Salaries in the NBA, NFL, MLB and NHL” by J. Dorish, published on the Yahoo! Contributor Network, we obtained the following data on average professional athletes’ salaries for the years
Home Sales. Zillow.com is an online database that provides real estate information for U.S. homes that are for rent or sale. It also presents statistics on recently sold homes. The following table gives various information on all homes sold in several different cities across the United States for
Drug Use. The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration collects and publishes data on nonmedical drug use, by type of drug and age group, in National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The following table provides data for the years 2003 and 2008. The percentages shown are
Dow Jones Industrial Averages. From the Stock Performance Guide, published online by 1stock1 on the website 1Stock1.com, we found the closing values of the Dow Jones Industrial Averages as of the end of December for the years 2004 through 2013.Year Closing 2004 10,783.01 2005 10,717.50 2006
In-Demand College Majors. In a June 2013 article, published online by The Street, B. O’Connell discussed the results of a survey on opportunities for graduating college students. In one aspect of the survey, the following percentage estimates were reported on which college majors were in demand
Thoughts on Evolution. In an article titled “Who has designs on your student’s minds?” (Nature, Vol. 434, pp. 1062–1065), author G. Brumfiel postulated that support for Darwinism increases with level of education. The following table provides percentages of U.S. adults, by educational
Judgment of Faces. In a psychological study linking a person’s attitude with his or her perception of human faces, 165 subjects were asked to judge the attributes of each of two unknown faces.It was proven that manipulated attitude significantly influences the judgment of facial dimensions that
Genocide. The document “American Attitudes about Genocide” provided highlights of a nationwide poll with 1000 participants.The survey, conducted by Penn Schoen Berland between June 30 and July 10, 2012, revealed that “66% of respondents believe that genocide is preventable.”a. Is the
Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. Refer to the vasectomy/prostate cancer study discussed in Example 1.5 on page 28.a. How could the study be modified to make it a designed experiment?b. Comment on the feasibility of the designed experiment that you described in part (a).In Exercises 1.17–1.22,
The Salk Vaccine. In the 1940s and early 1950s, the public was greatly concerned about polio. In an attempt to prevent this disease, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh developed a polio vaccine. In a test of the vaccine’s efficacy, involving nearly 2 million grade-school children, half of
Do Left-Handers Die Earlier? According to a study published in the Journal of the American Public Health Association, lefthanded people do not die at an earlier age than right-handed people, contrary to the conclusion of a highly publicized report done 2 years earlier. The investigation involved a
Sex, Sleep, and PTSD. In the article, “One’s Sex, Sleep, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder” (Biology of Sex Differences, Vol. 3, No. 29, pp. 1–7), I. Kobayashi et al. study the relationship between one’s sex, sleep patterns, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)after trauma exposure.
Aspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled “A Randomized Trial of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that “We randomly assigned
Heart Failure. In the paper “Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy with or without an Implantable Defibrillator in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, pp. 2140–2150), M. Bristow et al. reported the results of a study of methods for treating patients who had
Ballistic Fingerprinting. In an on-line press release, ABCNews.com reported that “. . . 73 percent of Americans. . . favor a law that would require every gun sold in the United States to be test-fired first, so law enforcement would have its fingerprint in case it were ever used in a crime.”a.
Causes of Death. The National Center for Health Statistics published the following data on the leading causes of death in 2010 in National Vital Statistics Reports. Deaths are classified according to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases.Rates are per 100,000
Medical Testing on Animals. In its Summer 2013 Animal Action Report, the National Anti-Vivisection Society stated that“59% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 oppose medical testing on animals.” The percentage of 59% was computed from sample data.a. Identify the population under
Lobbying Congress. In the special report, “Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us” (TIME, Vol. 181, No. 8, 2013), S. Brill presented an in-depth investigation of hospital billing practices that reveals why U.S. health care spending is out of control. One of the many statistics provided
The members of a population are numbered 1–6.a. List the 15 possible samples (without replacement) of size 2 from this population.b. If an SRS of size 2 is taken from the population, what are the chances of selecting 3 and 6? Explain your answer.c. Use Table I in Appendix A to obtain an SRS of
The members of a population are numbered 1–50.a. Use Table I in Appendix A to obtain an SRS of size 6 from the population. Start at the two-digit number in line number 10 and column numbers 10−11, read down the column, up the next, and so on.b. If you have access to a random-number generator,
Survey. In 2011-2012, Australian Health Survey conducted a survey regarding the most popular beverages consumed. A total of 12,000 people participated in the survey. Among water, coffee, tea, soft drinks, flavored mineral waters, and alcoholic drinks, 87% chose water. Discuss this poll with regard
Estimating Median Income. Explain why a sample of 30 dentists from Seattle taken to estimate the median income of all Seattle residents is not representative.
Oklahoma State Officials. The five top Oklahoma state officials are displayed in Table 1.2 on page 33. Use that table to solve the following problems.a. List the possible samples of size 1 that can be obtained from the population of five officials.b. What is the difference between obtaining a
Oklahoma State Officials. The five top Oklahoma state officials are displayed in Table 1.2 on page 33. Use that table to solve the following problems.a. List the 10 possible samples (without replacement) of size 3 that can be obtained from the population of five officials.b. If a simple random
Best-Selling Albums. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) provides data on the best-selling albums of the year. The top six best-selling albums of 2012 were by the artists Adele (A), Taylor Swift (T), One Direction (O), Lana Del Rey(L), Pink (P), and Rod Stewart (R).a.
Best-Selling Albums. Refer to Exercise 1.44.a. List the 15 possible samples (without replacement) of four artists that can be selected from the six.b. Describe a procedure for taking a simple random sample of four artists from the six.c. If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtain four
Best-Selling Albums. Refer to Exercise 1.44.a. List the 20 possible samples (without replacement) of three artists that can be selected from the six.b. Describe a procedure for taking a simple random sample of three artists from the six.c. If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtain
Social Networking Websites. From Wikipedia.com, we obtained the top seven major active social networking websites in the United States, excluding dating websites. Ranked according to registered users, as of April 2013, from most popular to least popular, they are Facebook (F), Twitter (T), Goggle+
The International 500. Each year, Fortune Magazine publishes an article titled “The International 500” that provides a ranking by sales of the top 500 firms outside the United States. Suppose that you want to examine various characteristics of successful firms. Further suppose that, for your
Megacities Risk. In an issue of Discover (Vol. 26, No. 5, p. 14), A. Casselman looked at the natural-hazards risk index of megacities to evaluate potential loss from catastrophes such as earthquakes, storms, and volcanic eruptions. Urban areas have more to lose from natural perils, technological
Element Hunters. In the article “Element Hunters” (National Geographic, Vol. 233, No. 5, pp. 112−120), R. Dunn reports about the search for new undiscovered elements. Since 1940, scientists have been synthesizing elements one by one. The first was neptunium (Np), element number 93. There are,
Undercoverage. Oftentimes, an accurate and complete list of the population is unavailable. In such cases, one or more groups will be omitted from the sampling process because they are not listed as part of the population. This type of bias is called undercoverage.a. Explain why a sample survey of
Nonresponse. When responses are not obtained from some of the individuals in the sample because either those individuals cannot be reached or refuse to participate, we have nonresponse bias.a. Discuss some of the dangers of nonresponse.b. Many sample surveys that are reported in the media have
Response bias. When the behavior of the interviewer or respondent results in inaccurate responses, we have response bias.a. Explain why a survey question “Do you smoke marijuana” might result in response bias?b. Provide some additional survey situations that might be conducive to response
Systematic random sampling is easier to execute than simple random sampling and usually provides comparable results. The exception is the presence of some kind of in the listing of the members of the population.
Ideally, in cluster sampling, each cluster should the entire population.
Ideally, in stratified sampling, the members of each stratum should be relative to the characteristic under consideration.
Surveys that combine one or more of simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling, and stratified sampling employ what is called sampling.
The members of a population have been numbered 1–2000. A sample of size 50 is to be taken from the population, using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The strata are of sizes 600, 700, 300, and 400, where stratum #1 consists of the members of the population numbered
The members of a population have been numbered 1–500. A sample of size 10 is to be taken from the population, using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The strata are of sizes 200, 150, and 150, where stratum #1 consists of the members of the population numbered 1–200,
Ghost of Speciation Past. In the article, “Ghost of Speciation Past” (Nature, Vol. 435, pp. 29–31), T. Kocher looked at the origins of a diverse flock of cichlid fishes in the lakes of southeast Africa. Suppose that you wanted to select a sample from the hundreds of species of cichlid fishes

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