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statistics for experimentert

Introductory Statistics 10th Global Edition Neil A. Weiss - Solutions

Number of Farms. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts studies of the number of acres devoted to farms in each county of the United States. Suppose that we divide the United States into the four census regions (Northeast, North Central, South, and West), take a simple random
John F. Kennedy. In one of his books, Ted Sorenson, Special Counsel to President John F. Kennedy, presents an intimate biography of the extraordinary man. According to Sorenson, Kennedy“read every fiftieth letter of the thirty thousand coming weekly to the White House.” What type of sampling
Litigation Surveys. In the article, “Non-probability Sampling Designs for Litigation Surveys (Trademark Reporter, Vol. 81, pp. 169–179), J. Jacoby and H. Handlin discussed the controversy about whether nonprobability samples are acceptable as evidence in litigation.The authors randomly selected
Immunization of Schoolchildren. In the article, “Reasons for Non-uptake of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Catch Up Immunisation in a Measles Epidemic and Side Effects of the Vaccine” (British Medical Journal, Vol. 310, pp. 1629–1632), R. Roberts et al. discussed a follow-up survey to examine why
University Parking Facilities. During one year, a university wanted to gauge the sentiment of the people using the university’s parking facilities. Each of the 8493 people that used the parking facilities had a sticker with a unique number between 1 and 8493. The university committee on parking
The International 500. In Exercise 1.49 on page 38, you used simple random sampling to obtain a sample of 10 firms from Fortune Magazine’s list of “The International 500.”a. Use systematic random sampling to accomplish that same task.b. Which method is easier: simple random sampling or
Keno. In the game of keno, 20 balls are selected at random from 80 balls numbered 1–80. In Exercise 1.48 on page 38, you used simple random sampling to simulate one game of keno.a. Use systematic random sampling to obtain a sample of 20 of the 80 balls.b. Which method is easier: simple random
Sampling Dorm Residents. Students in the dormitories of a university in the state of New York live in clusters of four double rooms, called suites. There are 48 suites, with eight students per suite.a. Describe a cluster sampling procedure for obtaining a sample of 24 dormitory residents.b.
Best High Schools. In an issue of Newsweek (Vol. CXLV, No. 20, pp. 48–57), B. Kantrowitz listed “The 100 best high schools in America” according to a ranking devised by J. Mathews. Another characteristic measured from the high school is the percent free lunch, which is the percentage of
U.S. House of Representatives. There are 435 representatives in the 113th session of the U.S. House of Representatives. On the website www.house.gov, you can find an alphabetized list of the 435 congresspersons. In 2013, the first representative listed is Robert Aderholt, a Republican from Alabama,
Peace Corps Volunteers. The Peace Corps is an independent U.S. government agency that provides trained volunteers for countries requesting assistance. According to Peacecorps.org, as of September 2012, volunteers currently serve in about 76 different host countries. The average age of a volunteer
In a designed experiment, there are two factors. One factor has m levels and the other factor has n levels. Determine the number of treatments. Hint: Refer to Exercise 1.87 or Exercise 1.88.Applying the Concepts and Skills
Adverse Effects of Prozac. Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride), a product of Eli Lilly and Company, is used for the treatment of depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and bulimia nervosa. An issue of the magazine Arthritis Today contained an advertisement reporting on the “. .
Treating Heart Failure. In the journal article “CardiacResynchronization Therapy with or without an Implantable Defibrillator in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, pp. 2140–2150), M. Bristow et al. reported the results of a study of methods for
Increasing Unit Sales. Supermarkets are interested in strategies to increase temporarily the unit sales of a product. In one study, researchers compared the effect of display type and price on unit sales for a particular product. The following display types and pricing schemes were employed.Display
Highway Signs. A driver’s ability to detect highway signs is an important consideration in highway safety. In his dissertation, Highway Construction Safety and the Aging Driver, S. Younes investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called
Oat Yield and Manure. In a classic study, described by F. Yates in The Design and Analysis of Factorial Experiments (Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Technical Communication No. 35), the effect on oat yield was compared for three different varieties of oats and four different concentrations of manure
The Lion’s Mane. In a study by P. M. West titled “The Lion’s Mane” (American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226–236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female
Sexual Signals. In a study by A. Elliot et al., titled “Women’s Use of Red Clothing as a Sexual Signal in Intersexual Interaction” (Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 49, Issue 3, pp. 599–602), women were studied to determine the effect of apparelcolor choice based on perceived
Dexamethasone and IQ. In the paper “Outcomes at School Age After Postnatal Dexamethasone Therapy for Lung Disease of Prematurity” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, No. 13, pp. 1304–1313), T. Yeh et al. studied the outcomes at school age in children who had participated in a
Lifetimes of Flashlight Batteries. Two different options are under consideration for comparing the lifetimes of four brands of flashlight battery, using 20 flashlights.a. One option is to randomly divide 20 flashlights into four groups of 5 flashlights each and then randomly assign each group to
Dental Hygiene: Which Toothbrush? In an experiment reported by J. Singer and D. Andrade in the article “Regression Models for the Analysis of Pretest/Posttest Data” (Biometrics, Vol. 53, pp. 729–735), the effect of using either a conventional or experimental (hugger) toothbrush was
The Salk Vaccine. In Exercise 1.17 on page 30, we discussed the Salk vaccine experiment. The experiment utilized a technique called double-blinding because neither the children nor the doctors involved knew which children had been given the vaccine and which had been given placebo. Explain the
classify a statistical study as either descriptive or inferential.
identify the population and the sample in an inferential study.
explain the difference between an observational study and a designed experiment.
classify a statistical study as either an observational study or a designed experiment.
explain what is meant by a representative sample.
describe simple random sampling.
use a table of random numbers to obtain a simple random sample.
describe systematic random sampling, cluster sampling, and stratified sampling.
state the three basic principles of experimental design.
identify the treatment group and control group in a study.
identify the experimental units, response variable, factor(s), levels of each factor, and treatments in a designed experiment.
distinguish between a completely randomized design and a randomized block design.
Which of the following sampling procedures involve the use of probability sampling?a. A college student is hired to interview a sample of people in her town. She interviews 100 people who come to have tea in a tea stall there.b. A college student wants to interview 20 Chief Executive Officers(CEOs)
Identify and explain the significance of the three basic principles of experimental design.Applying the Concepts and Skills
Baseball Scores. From ESPN MLB Scoreboard, we obtained the following major league baseball scores for August 14, 2013. Is this study descriptive or inferential? Explain your answer.Games in AL stadiums Games in NL stadiums Indians 9, Twins 8 Reds 5, Cubs 0 Tigers 6, White Sox 4 Padres 2, Rockies 4
Working Lottery Winners. In a national poll taken on August 7–11, 2013, by Gallup, Inc., 1039 adults who were employed full or part time were asked the following question: “If you won 10 million dollars in the lottery, would you continue to work, or would you stop working?” Sixty-eight
British Backpacker Tourists. Research by G. Visser and C. Barker in “A Geography of British Backpacker Tourists in South Africa” (Geography, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 226–239) reflected on the impact of British backpacker tourists visiting South Africa. A sample of British backpackers was
Peanut Allergies. In the article “Food Allergy Advice May Be Peanuts” (Science News, Vol. 174, No. 12, pp. 8–9), N. Seppa reports that early exposure to peanuts seems to lessen the risk of nut allergy.Of 4000 Jewish children sampled in Britain, 1.85% had peanut allergies; and of 4600 Jewish
Skin. A researcher is carrying out a study of the effectiveness of four different skin creams for the treatment of a certain skin disease. He has eighty subjects and plans to divide them into 4 treatment groups of twenty subjects each. The subjects are assessed and put in blocks of four, according
Diagnosis. A study by Joseph Boscarino (Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol.70, pp. 668–676, 2008,) examined the prevalence of heart disease, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other problems in more than 4000 Vietnam veterans. The likelihood of death due to heart disease was found to be greater
Income of Grad Students. A researcher wants to estimate the average income of grad students all over the world. To accomplish this, he surveys a sample of 1000 students from different colleges from different parts of the world. Is this a representative sample? Explain your answer.
Flight. From the Australian Government’s report entitled Domestic airline on time performance 2013–14, we found that Regional Express (R) achieved the highest number of on-time departures for 2013-14 at 88.6%, followed by Virgin Australia (V), Jetstar(J), Qantas (Q) and Tigerair (T).a. List the
Top North American Athletes. As part of ESPN’s SportsCenturyRetrospective, a panel chosen by ESPN ranked the top 100 North American athletes of the twentieth century. For a class project, you are to obtain a simple random sample of 15 of these 100 athletes and briefly describe their athletic
Leisure Activities and Dementia. An article appearing in the Los Angeles Times discussed the study “Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 348, pp. 2508–2516) by J. Verghese et al. The article in the Times, titled “Crosswords
Hepatitis B and Pancreatic Cancer. The article “Study Links Hepatitis B and Cancer of Pancreas” by D. Grady, appeared in the September 29, 2008 issue of the NewYork Times. It reported that, for the first time, a study showed that people with pancreatic cancer are more likely than those without
Refer to Problem 17.a. Use systematic random sampling to obtain a sample of 15 athletes.b. In this case, is systematic random sampling an appropriate alternative to simple random sampling? Explain your answer.* Water Quality.
In the article “Randomized Stratified Sampling Methodology for Water Quality in Distribution Systems” (Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, Vol. 130, Issue 4, pp. 330–338), V. Speight et al. proposed the method of stratified sampling to collect water samples for water-quality
An issue of Inside MS contained an article describing AVONEX (interferon beta-1a), a drug used in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Included in the article was a report on “. . . adverse events and selected laboratory abnormalities that occurred at an incidence of 2% or
In “Effects of Plant Density on Tomato Yields in Western Nigeria” (Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 12(1), pp. 43–47), B. Adelana reported on the effect of tomato variety and planting density on yield. Four tomato varieties (Harvester, Pusa Early Dwarf, Ife No. 1, and Ibadan Local) were grown
Designing medication packaging that resists opening by children, but yields readily to adults, presents numerous challenges. In the article “Painful Design” (American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 2, pp. 113–118), H. Petroski examined the packaging used for Aleve, a brand of pain reliever. Three
A classic study, conducted in 1935 by B. Lowe at the Iowa Agriculture Experiment Station, analyzed differences in the amount of fat absorbed by doughnuts in cooking with four different fats. For the experiment, 24 batches of doughnuts were randomly divided into four groups of 6 batches each. The
An experiment is to be conducted to compare four different brands of gasoline for gas mileage.a. Suppose that you randomly divide 50 cars into five groups of 10 cars each and then randomly assign the five groups to the five brands of gasoline, one group per brand. Is this experimental design a
Of the variables you have studied so far, which type yields nonnumerical data?Applying the Concepts and Skills For each part of Exercises 2.6–2.11, classify the data as either qualitative or quantitative; if quantitative, further classify it as discrete or continuous. Also, identify the variable
World’s Highest Temperatures. Information provided by the World Meteorological Association revealed the following data on the highest recorded temperature for each continent.Rank Continent Place Temp (◦F)1 N. America Death Valley, CA, USA 134 2 Africa Kebili, Tunisia 131 3 Asia Tirat Tsvi,
Earthquakes. The U.S. Geological Survey monitors and reports on earthquakes, providing daily real-time, worldwide earthquake lists. Some of the information for four of the 105 earthquakes that occurred on May 10, 2013, is shown in the following table. Magnitude is given on the Richter scale and NST
Top 10 IPOs. An online article from the Washington Post, titled “Facebook Joins Ranks of Largest IPOs in U.S. History,” gave the following information on the top 10 IPOs (initial public offerings)in the United States as of May 2012.Rank Company IPO ($billions)1 Visa 17.86 2 Enel 16.45 3
Mountain Peaks. From the Website 8000ers.com, we obtained a table of the highest mountain peaks in the world as of March 2015.The names of the top 10 peaks along with their altitudes are listed in the following table.Rank Mountain Height (meters)1 Mount Everest 8,848 2 K2 / Godwin-Austen 8,611 3
World University Rankings. The Times Higher Education“World University Rankings” presents global university performance tables to judge world class universities on the basis of teaching, research, knowledge transfer, and international outlook. The rankings employ 13 carefully calibrated
Recording Industry Statistics. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) reports annual statistics on shipments and revenues. For the year 2012, RIAA reported the following data on physical shipments. [SOURCE: Year-End Industry Shipment and Revenue Statistics. Published by RIAA, c
RBI Kings. As reported on MLB.com, the five players with the highest runs batted in (RBI) during the 2012 Major League Baseball season are listed in the following table. Also included are the teams for which they played, their positions, and their weights. Identify the type of data provided by the
Top Broadcast Shows. As reported in Primetime Broadcast Programs, a publication of The Nielsen Company, the top three prime broadcast network television shows for the week of August 5, 2013, are as presented in the following table. Ratings are the percentage of TV homes in the United States tuned
The Fulbright Program. The U.S. government’s flagship international educational exchange program, the Fulbright program, is sponsored by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Fulbrights are awarded based on “academic and leadership potential, providing the opportunity to exchange
Top 10 Green Cars. The following table presents information on the Kelley Blue Book’s “10 Best Green Cars of 2013.” Note that mpg and mpge are abbreviations for miles per gallon and miles per gallon equivalent, respectively. Identify the type of data provided by the information in each column
Ordinal Data. Another important type of data is ordinal data, which are data about order or rank given on a scale such as 1, 2, 3, . . .or A, B, C, . . . . Following are several variables. Which, if any, yield ordinal data? Explain your answer.a. Heighte. Number of siblingsb. Weightf. Religionc.
Answer true or false to each of the statements in parts (a)and (b), and explain your reasoning.a. Two data sets that have identical frequency distributions have identical relative-frequency distributions.b. Two data sets that have identical relative-frequency distributions have identical frequency
Primetime Broadcast Shows. From the TVbytheNumbers website, we obtained the networks for the top 20 primetime broadcast TV shows by total viewership for the week ending August 18, 2013.CBS NBC NBC ABC CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS FOX CBS CBS CBS CBS NBC NBC FOX CBS NBC ABC
NCAA Wrestling Champs. From NCAA.com–the official Web site for NCAA sports—we obtained the National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestling champions for the years 1989–2013 in the document “Championship History.” They are displayed in the following table.Year Champion Year Champion
Colleges of Students. The following table provides data on college for the students in one section of the course Introduction to Computer Science during one semester at Arizona State University.In the table, we use the abbreviations BUS for Business, ENG for Engineering and Applied Sciences, and
Class Levels. Earlier in this section, we considered the political party affiliations of the students in Professor Weiss’s introductory statistics course. The class levels of those students are as follows, where Fr, So, Jr, and Sr denote freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior, respectively.So So
U.S. Regions. The U.S. Census Bureau divides the states in the United States into four regions: Northeast (NE), Midwest (MW), South (SO), and West (WE). The following table gives the region of each of the 50 states.SO WE WE MW NE WE WE SO MW SO WE NE WE SO MW MW NE WE SO WE WE SO MW SO MW WE SO NE
Road Rage. The report Controlling Road Rage: A Literature Review and Pilot Study was prepared for the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety by D. Rathbone and J. Huckabee. The authors discuss the results of a literature review and pilot study on how to prevent aggressive driving and road rage. As
Election. The Election Commission of India publishes a compilation of vote statistics for the general election in India on their official Website eci.nic.in. The following table provides the frequency distribution of the votes received in 2014.Party Name Seats Won Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) 282
M&M Colors. Observing that the proportion of blue M&Ms in his bowl of candy appeared to be less than that of the other colors, R. Fricker, Jr., decided to compare the color distribution in randomly chosen bags of M&Ms to the theoretical distribution reported by M&M/MARS consumer affairs. Fricker
Freshmen Politics. The Higher Education Research Institute of the University of California, Los Angeles, publishes information on characteristics of incoming college freshmen in The American Freshman. In 2000, 27.7% of incoming freshmen characterized their political views as liberal, 51.9% as
Medical School Faculty. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) compiles data on medical school faculty and publishes the results in AAMC Faculty Roster. The following table presents a frequency distribution of rank for medical school faculty during one year.Rank Frequency Professor
Drug Types. Drug dealer motivation is traditionally attributed to greed or social pressures. Researchers R. Highland and D. Dabney explore possible personality characteristics as a motivation in the article “Using Adlerian Theory to Shed Light on Drug Dealer Motivations” (Applied Psychology in
An Edge in Roulette? An American roulette wheel contains 18 red numbers, 18 black numbers, and 2 green numbers. The following table shows the frequency with which the ball landed on each color in 200 trials.Number Red Black Green Frequency 88 102 10
Health Status. The World Health Organization (WHO) collects data on health across the globe. The following table from the 2014 World Health Statistics report published by WHO provides data on the life expectancy (the average number of years that an infant can expect to live, if he or she lived a
Japanese Vehicle Exports. The Japan Automobile Manufacturer’s Association provides data on exported vehicles in Motor Vehicle Statistics of Japan. In 2010, cars, trucks, and buses constituted 88.3%, 9.3%, and 2.4% of vehicle exports, respectively. A random sample of last year’s exports yielded
Marital Status and Drinking. Research by W. Clark and L. Midanik (Alcohol Consumption and Related Problems: Alcohol and Health Monograph 1. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 82–1190) examined, among other issues, alcohol consumption patterns of U.S. adults by marital status. Data for marital status and number
Ballot Preferences. In Issue 338 of the Amstat News, thenpresident of the American Statistical Association, F. Scheuren, reported the results of a survey on how members would prefer to receive ballots in annual elections. On the WeissStats site, you will find data for preference and highest degree
For quantitative data, we examined three types of grouping:single-value grouping, limit grouping, and cutpoint grouping. For each type of data given, decide which of these three grouping types is usually best. Explain your answers.a. Continuous data displayed to one or more decimal placesb.
Suppose that you have constructed a stem-and-leaf diagram and discover that it is only moderately useful because there are too few stems. How can you remedy the problem?In each of Exercises 2.54–2.59, we have presented a “data scenario.”In each case, decide which type of grouping
Number of Bedrooms. The number of bedrooms per singlefamily dwelling
Ages of Householders. The ages of householders, given as a whole number
Sleep Aids. The additional sleep, to the nearest tenth of an hour, obtained by a sample of 100 patients by using a particular brand of sleeping pill
Number of Smartphones. The number of smartphones per person
Gas Mileage. The gas mileages, rounded to the nearest number of miles per gallon, of all new car models
Grammostola. The weight, in grams, of a sample of 50 Grammostola, a variety of tarantulas In Exercises 2.60–2.71, we have presented some quantitative data sets and specified a grouping method for practicing the concepts. For each data set,a. determine a frequency distribution.b. obtain a
Use single-value grouping.3334413431
Use single-value grouping.3313243123
Use single-value grouping.2111110322 1141222302
Use single-value grouping.4243433344 3032231423
Use limit grouping with a first class of 0–9 and a class width of 10.9 27 16 24 18 37 20 21 31 31 41 9 32 32 39 4 15 27 37 30
Use limit grouping with a first class of 0–4 and a class width of 5.9 8 21 25 16 2 2 8 20 16 12 4 26 25 6 0 17 6 16 2
Use limit grouping with a first class of 30–36 and a class width of 7.39 55 31 56 53 74 35 59 37 62 47 33 46 69 47 50 54 31 36 47 65 78 60 36 34
Use limit grouping with a first class of 50–59 and a class width of 10.79 61 77 74 54 70 62 83 93 66 70 89 80 98 54 90 83 50 72 82 54 85 51 86 54

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