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statistics for experimentert

Introductory Statistics 10th Global Edition Neil A. Weiss - Solutions

Use cutpoint grouping with a first class of 10–under 15. 12.7 20.9 22.0 10.1 22.0 16.6 26.2 38.8 17.3 19.5 15.8 24.3 13.2 12.9 16.4 24.5 25.2 22.0 20.8 26.9
Use cutpoint grouping with a first class of 40–under 46. 50.0 53.4 44.5 55.2 51.2 56.8 52.5 51.6 48.6 56.9 54.3 51.0 43.5 57.5 65.4 41.6 57.8 54.2 52.5 50.7
Use cutpoint grouping with a first class midpoint of 0.5 and a class width of 1. 0.45 1.04 6.80 1.50 1.65 1.31 4.31 4.15 1.57 1.87 2.65 1.39 2.70 0.86 1.41 7.69 2.78 5.32 1.22 1.88 2.00 0.44 6.12 1.89 3.29
Use cutpoint grouping with a first cutpoint of 25 and a class width of 3. 43.01 40.39 38.55 38.01 42.55 41.21 36.16 35.68 36.98 30.28 30.90 39.06 35.94 25.91 33.57 31.44 42.13 34.26 35.25 33.02 37.26 31.30 39.25 34.93 32.46 In each of Exercises 2.72–2.75, construct a dotplot for the data.
Use one line per stem.55 32 41 20 21 37 38 43 32 62
Use five lines per stem.15 11 12 22 17 10 23 16 15 23 10 14 9 16 5 22 14 14 8 20
Use two lines per stem.34 46 22 33 25 27 45 25 22 36 28 27 40 32 27 24 37 29 32 31 Applying the Concepts and Skills For each data set in Exercises 2.80–2.91, use the specified grouping method toa. determine a frequency distribution.b. obtain a relative-frequency distribution.c. construct a
Number of Siblings. Professor Weiss asked his introductory statistics students to state how many siblings they have. The responses are shown in the following table. Use single-value grouping.13211011 30221202 12210111 11020342 02112110
Household Size. The U.S. Census Bureau conducts nationwide surveys on characteristics of U.S. households and publishes the results in Current Population Reports. Following are data on the number of people per household for a sample of 40 households. Use single-value grouping.25211234 14421433
Cottonmouth Litter Size. In the paper “The Eastern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) at the Northern Edge of Its Range”(Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 391–398), C. Blem and L. Blem examined the reproductive characteristics of the eastern cottonmouth, a once widely distributed
Household Computers. Every year since 1998, Arbitron and Edison Research have conducted a nationally representative survey focusing on trends in digital platforms. According to their publication The Infinite Dial, in 2002, there were an average of 1.2 working computers in the U.S. home. A random
Residential Energy Consumption. The U.S. Energy Information Administration collects data on residential energy consumption and expenditures. Results are published in the document Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures. The following table gives one year’s energy
Early-Onset Dementia. Dementia is a person’s loss of intellectual and social abilities that is severe enough to interfere with judgment, behavior, and daily functioning. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. In the article “Living with Early Onset Dementia: Exploring the
Alcohol Consumption. In the Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014, the World Health Organization reports that the worldwide consumption in 2010 was equal to 6.2 liters of pure alcohol consumed per person, aged 15 years or older, which translates into 13.5 grams of pure alcohol per day.
Chronic Hemodialysis and Anxiety. Patients who undergo chronic hemodialysis often experience severe anxiety. Videotapes of progressive relaxation exercises were shown to one group of patients and neutral videotapes to another group. Then both groups took the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a
Primetime Broadcast Shows. From the TVbytheNumbers website, we obtained the viewing audiences, in millions, for the top 20 primetime broadcast TV shows for the week ending August 18, 2013. Use cutpoint grouping with a first class of 4–under 5. 10.360 9.508 8.785 8.299 8.089 7.434 6.712 6.572
Clocking the Cheetah. The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is the fastest land mammal and is highly specialized to run down prey. The cheetah often exceeds speeds of 60 mph and, according to the online document “Cheetah Conservation in Southern Africa” (Trade & Environment Database (TED) Case
Fuel Tank Capacity. Consumer Reports provides information on new automobile models, including price, mileage ratings, engine size, body size, and indicators of features. A simple random sample of 35 new models yielded the following data on fuel tank capacity, in gallons. Use cutpoint grouping with
Oxygen Distribution. In the article “Distribution of Oxygen in Surface Sediments from Central Sagami Bay, Japan: In Situ Measurements by Microelectrodes and Planar Optodes” (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Vol. 52, Issue 10, pp. 1974–1987), R. Glud et al. explored the
Exam Scores. Construct a dotplot for the following quiz scores of the students in an introductory statistics class.82 86 34 96 89 67 81 70 39 88 100 76 89 63 96 84 90 75 64 85
Age of Passenger Cars. According to R. L. Polk & Co., the average age of passenger cars in the United States was 9.1 years in 2000. A sample of 37 passenger cars taken this year provided the ages, in years, displayed in the following table. Construct a dotplot for the ages.10 13 6 9 12 7 7 10 10 12
Stressed-Out Bus Drivers. Frustrated passengers, congested streets, time schedules, and air and noise pollution are just some of the physical and social pressures that lead many urban bus drivers to retire prematurely with disabilities such as coronary heart disease and stomach disorders. An
Acute Postoperative Days. Several neurosurgeons wanted to determine whether a dynamic system (Z-plate) reduced the number of acute postoperative days in the hospital relative to a static system (ALPS plate). R. Jacobowitz, Ph.D., an Arizona State University professor, along with G. Vishteh, M.D.,
M&Ms. In the article “Sweetening Statistics—What M&M’s Can Teach Us” (Minitab Inc., August 2008), M. Paret and E. Martz discussed several statistical analyses that they performed on bags of M&Ms. The authors took a random sample of 30 small bags of peanut M&Ms and obtained the following
Women in the Workforce. In an issue of Science (Vol. 308, No. 5721, p. 483), D. Normile reported on a study from the Japan Statistics Bureau of the 30 industrialized countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) titled“Japan Mulls Workforce Goals for Women.”
Process Capability. R. Morris and E. Watson studied various aspects of process capability in the paper “Determining Process Capability in a Chemical Batch Process” (Quality Engineering, Vol. 10(2), pp. 389–396). In one part of the study, the researchers compared the variability in product of
University Patents. The number of patents a university receives is an indicator of the research level of the university. From a study titled Science and Engineering Indicators issued by the National Science Foundation, we found the number of U.S. patents awarded to a sample of 36 private and public
Australian Cricket Team. From the Cricket World 4 U website, we found the heights, in meters, of the players of the Australian Cricket team. 1.7 1.94 1.78 1.82 1.88 1.80 1.87 1.81 1.84 1.80 1.70 1.80 1.83 2.03 1.96 1.82 1.92 1.87 1.93 1.84 1.78 1.83 1.80 1.78 1.85 1.90 1.78 1.93 1.92 1.96 1.86 1.89
Detroit Tigers. From the Baseball Almanac website, we found the heights, in inches, of the players on the 2012 World Series runner-up Detroit Tigers baseball team.72 77 75 75 73 77 72 75 80 71 71 73 77 78 72 75 72 75 77 76 77 72 74 74 71 72 73 72 74 76 77 71 71 71 74 71 73 72 76 72 76 73 76 72 71
Adjusted Gross Incomes. The Internal Revenue Service(IRS) publishes data on adjusted gross incomes in Statistics of Income, Individual Income Tax Returns. The following relativefrequency histogram shows one year’s individual income tax returns for adjusted gross incomes of less than $50,000.0.40
Cholesterol Levels. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the average cholesterol level for children between 4 and 19 years of age is 165 mg/dL. A pediatrician who tested the cholesterol levels of several
Hospital Beds. The number of hospital beds available in community hospitals is decreasing. Through advancement in care and technology, hospitals are getting more efficient. However, the aging and increasingly obese and diabetic population intensifies the need.The American Hospital Association
Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s disease affects internally generated movements such as movements recalled from memory.L-Dopa is a drug that is used in clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease. In the article, “L-Dopa Induces Under-Damped Visually Guided Motor Responses in Parkinson’s
The Great White Shark. In an article titled “Great White, Deep Trouble” (National Geographic, Vol. 197(4), pp. 2–29), Peter Benchley—the author of JAWS—discussed various aspects of the Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Data on the number of pups borne in a lifetime by each of 80
The Beatles. In the article, “Length of The Beatles’ Songs”(Chance, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 30–33), T. Koyama discusses aspects and interpretations of the lengths of songs by The Beatles. Data on the length, in seconds, of 229 Beatles’ songs are presented on the WeissStats site. Use the
High School Completion. As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Educational Attainment in the United States, the percentage of adults in each state and the District of Columbia who have completed high school is provided on the WeissStats site. Apply the technology of your choice to construct a
Bachelor’s Completion. As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Educational Attainment in the United States, the percentage of adults in each state and the District of Columbia who have completed a bachelor’s degree is provided on the WeissStats site. Apply the technology of your choice to
Body Temperature. A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et al. appeared in the article “A Critical Appraisal of 98.6◦F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body
Exam Scores. The exam scores for the students in an introductory statistics class are as follows.88 82 89 70 85 63 100 86 67 39 90 96 76 34 81 64 75 84 89 96a. Group these exam scores, using the classes 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, and 90–100.b. What are the widths of the
Days to Maturity for Short-Term Investments. Refer to the days-to-maturity data in Table 2.6 on page 75. Note that there are 40 observations, the smallest and largest of which are 36 and 99, respectively. Apply the preceding procedure to choose classes for limit grouping. Use approximately seven
Weights of 18- to 24-Year-Old Males. Refer to the weight data in Table 2.8 on page 76. Note that there are 37 observations,the smallest and largest of which are 129.2 and 278.8, respectively.Apply the preceding procedure to choose classes for cutpoint grouping. Use approximately eight classes.
Age and Gender. The following bivariate data on age (in years) and gender were obtained from the students in a freshman calculus course. The data show, for example, that the first student on the list is 21 years old and is a male.Age Gender Age Gender Age Gender Age Gender Age Gender 21 M 29 F 22 M
Residential Energy Consumption. Construct a relativefrequency polygon for the energy-consumption data given in Exercise 2.84. Use the classes specified in that exercise.
Alcohol Consumption. Construct a relative-frequency polygon for the speed data given in Exercise 2.86. Use the classes specified in that exercise.
As mentioned, for relative-frequency polygons, we label the horizontal axis with class marks in limit grouping and class midpoints in cutpoint grouping. How do you think the horizontal axis is labeled in single-value grouping?Ogives. Cumulative information can be portrayed using a graph called an
Residential Energy Consumption. Refer to the energyconsumption data given in Exercise 2.84.a. Construct a table similar to Table 2.14 for the data, based on the classes specified in Exercise 2.84. Interpret your results.b. Construct an ogive for the data.
Alcohol Consumption. Refer to the alcohol consumption data given in Exercise 2.86.a. Construct a table similar to Table 2.14 for the data, based on the classes specified in Exercise 2.86. Interpret your results.b. Construct an ogive for the data.Further Stem-and-Leaf Techniques. In constructing a
Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs). The World Health Organization, in the Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014, presented data on the prevalence of AUDs in the world. The following table contains data for the European region. 5.3 5.7 10.2 17.5 6.4 11.3 7.7 4.1 19.3 3.8 1.2 8.6 9.9 8.7 6.4 5.3
Shoe and Apparel E-Tailers. In the special report “Mousetrap: The Most-Visited Shoe and Apparel E-tailers” (Footwear News, Vol. 58, No. 3, p. 18), we found the following data on the average time, in minutes, spent per user per month from January to June of one year for a sample of 15 shoe and
Children of U.S. Presidents. The Information Please Almanac provides the number of children of each of the U.S. presidents. A frequency histogram for number of children by president, through President Barack H. Obama, is as follows.0 24 68 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Number of children
Clocking the Cheetah. The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is the fastest land mammal and is highly specialized to run down prey. The cheetah often exceeds speeds of 60 mph and, according to the online document “Cheetah Conservation in Southern Africa” (Trade &Environment Database (TED) Case Studies,
Malnutrition and Poverty. R. Reifen et al. studied various nutritional measures of Ethiopian school children and published their findings in the paper “Ethiopian-Born and Native Israeli School Children Have Different Growth Patterns” (Nutrition, Vol. 19, pp. 427–431). The study, conducted in
The Coruro’s Burrow. The subterranean coruro (Spalacopus cyanus) is a social rodent that lives in large colonies in underground burrows that can reach lengths of up to 600 meters. Zoologists S. Begall and M. Gallardo studied the characteristics of the burrow systems of the subterranean coruro in
Baltimore Ravens. From Player Roster, the official roster of the 2013 Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens, we obtained the heights, in inches, of the players on that team. A dotplot of those heights is as follows.68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 79 77 80 Height (inches)
PCBs and Pelicans. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), industrial pollutants, are known to be carcinogens and a great danger to natural ecosystems. As a result of several studies, PCB production was banned in the United States in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Adjusted Gross Incomes. The Internal Revenue Service(IRS) publishes data on adjusted gross incomes in the document Statistics of Income, Individual Income Tax Returns. The following relative-frequency histogram shows one year’s individual income tax returns for adjusted gross incomes of less than
Cholesterol Levels. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the average cholesterol level for children between 4 and 19 years of age is 165 mg/dL. A pediatrician who tested the cholesterol levels of several
Sickle Cell Disease. A study published by E. Anionwu et al.in the British Medical Journal (Vol. 282, pp. 283–286) measured the steady-state hemoglobin levels of patients with three different types of sickle cell disease. Following is a stem-and-leaf diagram of the data.2 7 0 1 1 3 4 4 5 6 7 1 1 1
Stays in Europe and the Mediterranean. The Bureau of Economic Analysis gathers information on the length of stay in Europe and the Mediterranean by U.S. travelers. Data are published in Survey of Current Business. The following stem-and-leaf diagram portrays the length of stay, in days, of a sample
Old Faithful. Old Faithful is a geyser in Yellowstone National Park that erupts at relatively predictable intervals.Since 2000, the eruptions of Old Faithfull occur on average every 90 minutes. Information on the daily eruptions of Old Faithful can be found on the website of The Geyser Observation
Snow Goose Nests. In the article “Trophic Interaction Cycles in Tundra Ecosystems and the Impact of Climate Change” (BioScience, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 311–321), R. Ims and E. Fuglei provided an overview of animal species in the northern tundra. One threat to the snow goose in arctic Canada is
The Great White Shark. In an article titled “Great White, Deep Trouble” (National Geographic, Vol. 197(4), pp. 2–29), Peter Benchley—the author of JAWS—discussed various aspects of the Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Data on the number of pups borne in a lifetime by each of 80
The Beatles. In the article, “Length of The Beatles’ Songs”(Chance, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 30–33), T. Koyama discusses aspects and interpretations of the lengths of songs by The Beatles. Data on the length, in seconds, of 229 Beatles’ songs are presented on the WeissStats site.
High School Completion. As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Educational Attainment in the United States, the percentage of adults in each state and the District of Columbia who have completed high school is provided on the WeissStats site.
Bachelor’s Completion. As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in the document Educational Attainment in the United States, the percentage of adults in each state and the District of Columbia who have completed a bachelor’s degree is provided on the WeissStats site.
Body Temperature. A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et al. appeared in the article “A Critical Appraisal of 98.6◦F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body
Forearm Length. In 1903, K. Pearson and A. Lee published the paper “On the Laws of Inheritance in Man. I. Inheritance of Physical Characters” (Biometrika, Vol. 2, pp. 357–462). The article examined and presented data on forearm length, in inches, for a sample of 140 men, which we present on
Class Project: Number of Pairs of Shoes. This exercise is a class project and works best in relatively large classes.a. Determine the number of pairs of shoes possessed by each student in the class.b. Obtain a relative-frequency histogram for the number of pairs. Use single-value grouping.c. Obtain
Class Project: Random Digits. This exercise can be done individually, or, better yet, as a class project.a. Use a table of random numbers or a random-number generator to obtain 100 random integers between 0 and 19.b. Without graphing the distribution of the 100 numbers you obtained, guess its
Random Digits. In this exercise, use technology to work Exercise 2.159, as follows:a. Use the technology of your choice to obtain 50 random integers between 0 and 9.b. Use the technology of your choice to get a relative-frequency histogram based on single-value grouping for the numbers that you
Standard Normal Distribution. One of the most important distributions in statistics is the standard normal distribution. We discuss this distribution in detail in Chapter 6.a. Use the technology of your choice to generate a sample of 3000 observations from a variable that has the standard normal
In a current newspaper or magazine, find two examples of graphs that might be misleading. Explain why you think the graphs are potentially misleading.Applying the Concepts and Skills
Reading Skills. Each year the director of the reading program in a school district administers a standard test of reading skills. Then the director compares the average score for his district with the national average. Figure 2.20 was presented to the school board in the year 2013.FIGURE 2.20
America’s Melting Pot. The U.S. Census Bureau publishes data on the population of the United States by race and Hispanic origin in American Community Survey. From that document, we constructed the following bar chart. Note that people who are Hispanic may be of any race, and people in each race
M2 Money Supply. The Federal Reserve System publishes weekly figures of M2 money supply in the document Money Stock Measures. M2 includes such things as cash in circulation, deposits in checking accounts, nonbank traveler’s checks, accounts such as savings deposits, and money-market mutual funds.
Drunk-Driving Fatalities. Drunk-driving fatalities represent the total number of people (occupants and non-occupants) killed in motor vehicle traffic crashes in which at least one driver had a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.08 or higher. The following graph is based on data published by the
Happiest Age. An article, titled “We’re Happiest at 74; It’s All Downhill till 40, Then Life Gets Better, Say Scientists,” included a graph, similar to the following one, of a happiness scale versus age.The article argues that happiness decreases until the age of 46 and then increases
Home Building. Refer to Example 2.26 on page 107. Suggest a way in which the developer can accurately illustrate that twice as many homes will be built in the area this year as last.
Marketing Golf Balls. A golf ball manufacturer has determined that a newly developed process results in a ball that lasts roughly twice as long as a ball produced by the current process. To illustrate this advance graphically, she designs a brochure showing a“new” ball having twice the radius
classify variables and data as either qualitative or quantitative.
distinguish between discrete and continuous variables and between discrete and continuous data.
construct a frequency distribution and a relative-frequency distribution for qualitative data.
draw a pie chart and a bar chart.
group quantitative data into classes using single-value grouping, limit grouping, or cutpoint grouping.
identify terms associated with the grouping of quantitative data.
construct a frequency distribution and a relative-frequency distribution for quantitative data.
construct a frequency histogram and a relative-frequency histogram.
construct a dotplot.
construct a stem-and-leaf diagram.
identify the modality and symmetry (or nonsymmetry) of the distribution of a data set.
specify whether a unimodal distribution is symmetric, right skewed, or left skewed.
understand the relationship between sample distributions and the population distribution (distribution of the variable under consideration).
identify and correct misleading graphs.∗
This problem is about variables.a. What is a variable?b. Identify two main types of variables.c. Identify the two types of quantitative variables.
This problem is about data.a. What are data?b. How is data type determined?
Some users of statistics prefer pie charts to bar charts because people are accustomed to having the horizontal axis of a graph show order. For example, someone might infer from Fig. 2.3 on page 68 that“Republican” is less than “Other” because “Republican” is shown to the left of
A quantitative data set has been grouped by using cutpoint grouping with equal-width classes of width 10.a. If the midpoint of the first class is 7, what are its lower and upper cutpoints?b. What is the class midpoint of the second class?c. What are the lower and upper cutpoints of the third
Sketch the curve corresponding to each of the following specific distribution shapes.a. Bell shapedb. Triangularc. Reverse J shapedd. Uniform
Draw a smooth curve that represents a symmetric trimodal(three-peak) distribution.
A variable of a population has a left-skewed distribution.a. If a large simple random sample is taken from the population, roughly what shape will the distribution of the sample have?Explain your answer.b. If two simple random samples are taken from the population, would you expect the two sample

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