New Semester Started Get 50% OFF Study Help! --h --m --s Claim Now

Question Answers

Textbooks

Find textbooks, questions and answers

Oops, something went wrong!

Change your search query and then try again

Result Not Found

Books FREE
Study Help
Tutors
AI Study Planner NEW
Sell Books

Search
Sign In
Register

study help
business
bayesian statistics an introduction

Statistics Through Applications 2nd Edition Daren S Starnes, David S Moore, Dan Yates - Solutions

Desktop or laptop? A computer company makes desktop and laptop computers at factories in three states—California, Texas, and New York. Th e California factory produces 40% of the company’s computers, the Texas factory makes 25%, and the remaining 35% are manufactured in New York. Of the
Fill ’er up! In June 2008, 88% of automobile drivers fi lled their vehicles with regular gasoline, 2% purchased midgrade gas, and 10% bought premium gas.11 Of those who bought regular gas, 28% paid with a credit card. Of customers who bought midgrade and premium gas, 34% and 42%, respectively,
More computers at Princeton An October 2007 census revealed that 40% of Princeton students primarily used Macintosh computers (MACs). Th e rest primarily used PCs. At the time of the census, 67% of Princeton students were undergraduates.Th e rest were graduate students. According to the census, 23%
MySpace versus Facebook, II A recent survey suggests that 85% of college students have posted a profi le on Facebook, 54% use MySpace regularly, and 42%do both. Suppose we select a college student at random and learn that the student has a profi le on Facebook. Find the probability that the student
Monopoly In the game of Monopoly, a player rolls two six-sided dice on each turn. If a player is in jail, he or she must roll “doubles” (both dice show the same number) in order to get out of jail. If a player in jail does not roll doubles on three consecutive turns, he or she must pay $50 to
Looking for hearts again Refer to Example 7.23 (page 353). Suppose we draw one card from the deck, look at it, and then return it to the deck before we draw a second card. Defi ne events A 5 fi rst card is a heart and B 5 second card is a heart.(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent this chance
Not just hearts Refer to Example 7.23 (page 353). Find the probability that at least one of the two cards that are dealt is a heart. Show your method clearly.
Toss four more Imagine that you toss a fair coin 4 times.(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent this chance process.(b) Find the probability that you get at least one head. Explain your method.
Mutually exclusive versus independent Decide whether the following statement is true or false: two events that are not mutually exclusive must be independent. Justify your answer.
Teachers and advanced degrees Select an adult at random. Let A 5 person has earned an advanced degree (masters or PhD) and T 5 person’s career is teaching.Rank the following probabilities from smallest to largest. Justify your answer.P(A) P(T) P(A|T) P(T|A)
Tossing coins Suppose you toss a fair coin twice. Defi ne two events A and B related to this chance process that are not independent and are not disjoint.
Rolling dice Suppose you roll two fair, six-sided dice—one red and one green. Defi ne two independent events A and B related to this chance process.Show that your two events are, in fact, independent.
More breakfast eaters Th e two-way table below describes the 595 students who responded to a school survey about eating breakfast. Suppose we select a student at random. Consider events B 5 eats breakfast regularly and M 5 is male.(a) Find P(B|M). Explain what this value means.(b) Find P(M|B).
Sampling senators, III Th e two-way table at left describes the members of the U.S. Senate in 2008. Suppose we select a senator at random. Consider events D 5 is a Democrat and F 5 is female.(a) Find P(D|F). Explain what this value means.(b) Find P(F|D). Explain what this value means.(c) Are events
Ask Marilyn again! In a Parade magazine column, Marilyn vos Savant was asked the following question:A woman and a man (who are unrelated) each have two children. At least one of the woman’s children is a boy, and the man’s older child is a boy. Which is more likely: that the man has 2 boys or
Even more on blood A person’s blood type can be further classifi ed based on whether a certain substance known as a Rhesus antigen is present. For example, a person with type B blood and the Rhesus antigen present is said to be type B1 (B-positive). A person with type B blood but without the
More on blood Th e table below shows the distribution of ABO blood types in the United States.(a) Th e entry for type A blood is missing from the table. What is this value? Explain.(b) Suppose we select one person from the United States at random. Find the probability that the person does not have
Are you my (blood) type? Each of us has an ABO blood type, which describes whether two characteristics called A and B are present. Every human being has two blood type alleles (gene forms), one inherited from our mother and one from our father. Each of these alleles can be A, B, or O. Which two we
Mutually exclusive versus complementary For each part below, classify the statement as true or false. Justify your answer.(a) If one event is the complement of another event, then the two events are mutually exclusive.(b) If two events are mutually exclusive, then one event is the complement of the
TCNJ survey, II Refer to Exercise 7.46. Construct a Venn diagram to display the sample space for the chance process of choosing a student at random from Mr. Starnes’s class. Th e events of interest are M 5 male and R 5 right-handed.
TCNJ survey, I Th e 28 students in Mr. Starnes’s introductory statistics class at Th e College of New Jersey (TCNJ) completed a brief survey. One of the questions asked whether each student was right- or left -handed. Th e two-way table below displays information on the gender and handedness of
Popular kids Researchers carried out a survey of fourth-, fi ft h-, and sixthgrade students in Michigan. Students were asked whether good grades, athletic ability, or being popular was most important to them. Th e two-way table below summarizes the survey data.(a) Who are the individuals? What
Computers at Princeton An October 2007 census revealed that 40%of Princeton students primarily used Macintosh computers (MACs). Th e rest primarily used PCs. At the time of the census, 67% of Princeton students were undergraduates. Th e rest were graduate students. According to the census, 23% of
MySpace versus Facebook, I A recent survey suggests that 85% of college students have posted a profi le on Facebook, 54% use MySpace regularly, and 42%do both. Suppose we select a college student at random.(a) Construct a Venn diagram to represent this setting.(b) Consider the event that the
At least, at most Refer to Example 7.20 (page 342). What’s the probability that at most one of the two events occurs? Explain your method clearly.
Playing roulette again Refer to Exercise 7.37 (page 338). Construct a Venn diagram that shows all possible outcomes of spinning the roulette wheel in terms of event B 5 ball lands in black slot and event E 5 ball lands in an even-numbered slot.
Breakfast eaters, again Th e two-way table below describes the 595 students who responded to a school survey about eating breakfast. Construct a Venn diagram of these data using B 5 eats breakfast regularly and M 5 is male as the events of interest. Male Female Total Eat breakfast regularly 190 110
Sampling senators, II Th e two-way table below describes the members of the U.S. Senate in 2008. Construct a Venn diagram of these data using D 5 is a Democrat and F 5 is female as the events of interest. Male Female Democrats Republicans 40 11 44 5
More roulette Refer to Exercise 7.37. Let event G 5 ball lands in a green slot.(a) Find P(B and G). Explain why this makes sense.(b) Find P(B or G) using the general addition rule. What do you notice?(c) Find P(E and G). Explain why this makes sense.(d) Find P(E or G) using the general addition
Playing roulette An American roulette wheel has 38 slots with numbers 1 through 36, 0, and 00 (see Figure 7.4). On the wheel, 18 of the numbered slots are red, 18 are black, and two—the 0 and 00—are green. When the wheel is spun, a metal ball is dropped onto the middle of the wheel. If the
Who eats breakfast? Students in an urban school were curious about how many children regularly eat breakfast. Th ey conducted a survey, asking, “Do you eat breakfast on a regular basis?” All 595 students in the school responded to the survey.Th e resulting data are shown in the two-way table
Sampling senators, I Th e two-way table below describes the members of the U.S. Senate in 2008.(a) Who are the individuals? What variables are being measured?(b) If we select a U.S. senator at random, what’s the probability that we choose a Democrat?a female?• a female Democrat?• a female or
More cards Shuffl e a standard deck of playing cards and deal one card, as in Example 7.14. Let event J 5 getting a jack and event R 5 getting a red card.(a) Construct a two-way table that describes the sample space in terms of events J and R.(b) Find P(J), P(R), and P(J and R). Show your work.(c)
Card tables and two-way tables Refer to Example 7.14. Let event C 5 getting a card that is not a face card and event D 5 getting a spade, club, or diamond.(a) Find P(C) and P(D). Show your method clearly.(b) Describe the event “C and D” in words. Th en fi nd P(C and D). Show your work.(c)
Do husbands do their share? An opinion poll interviewed a random sample of 1025 married women. Th e women were asked whether their husbands did their fair share of household chores. Here are the results:Th ese proportions are probabilities for the random phenomenon of choosing a married woman at
Causes of death Government data assign a single cause for each death that occurs in the United States. Th e data show that the probability is 0.45 that a randomly chosen death was due to cardiovascular (mainly heart) disease, and 0.23 that it was due to cancer.(a) What is the probability that a
Four-sided dice A tetrahedron (see image) is a pyramid with four faces, each a triangle with all sides equal in length. Label the four faces of a tetrahedral die with 1, 2, 3, and 4 spots.(a) Give a probability model for rolling two such dice—one blue and one yellow—and recording the number of
Pair-a-dice Imagine rolling two fair, six-sided dice—one red and one green. Use the probability model from Example 7.12 and the basic probability rules to help you fi nd the probability of each of the following events. Show your work.D 5 doubles 1the same number of spots showing on both dice2 M 5
Use your head Refer to Exercise 7.27. In two diff erent ways, fi nd the probability of getting at least one head. Show your work.
Toss 4 times Imagine tossing a fair coin 4 times.(a) List all possible outcomes in the sample space.(b) What probability would you assign to each outcome? Why?(c) Event A getting three tails and one head. Find P(A). Show your method.
First ace again In Exercise 7.17 (page 325), you performed a simulation to estimate the probability of drawing an ace in 10 draws. How would your results change if you did not replace the card in the deck aft er each draw?(a) Th ink about this new setting. Would the probability of drawing an ace in
Birth months If you choose a student from your school at random, what is the probability that he or she was born in July? Justify your answer.
A game of chance I have a little bet to off er you. Toss a coin 10 times. If there is no run of three or more straight heads or tails in the 10 outcomes, I’ll pay you $2. If there is a run of three or more, you pay me just $1. Surely you will want to take advantage of me and play this game? Is it
Is the Belgian euro coin “fair”? Two Polish math professors and their students spun a Belgian euro coin 250 times. It landed “heads” 140 times. One of the professors concluded that the coin was minted so that one side was heavier than the other. A representative from the Belgian mint said
Long runs Most people are surprised at the occurrence of long runs of the same outcome in a random sequence. A science writer once said that, if you fl ip a fair coin 250 times, then approximately 32 runs will have at least two heads;about 16 runs will have at least three heads; 8 runs, at least
Rainy days Th e TV weatherman says, “Th ere’s a 30% chance of rain tomorrow.” Explain what this statement means.
Sports risks Th e probability of dying if you play high school football is about 10 per million each year you play. Th e risk of getting cancer from asbestos if you attend a school in which asbestos is present for 10 years is about 5 per million. If we ban asbestos from schools, should we also ban
An unenlightened gambler(a) A gambler knows that red and black are equally likely to occur on each spin of a roulette wheel. He observes fi ve consecutive reds occur and bets heavily on black at the next spin. Asked why, he explains that black is “due by the law of averages.” Explain to the
Rock-paper-scissors Almost everyone has played the rock-paper-scissors game when they were younger. Two players face each other and, at the count of 3, make a fi st (rock), an extended hand, palm side down (paper), or a “V” with the index and middle fi ngers (scissors). Th e winner is
First ace Begin with a standard deck of playing cards. Shuffl e the cards thoroughly, and then draw a card. Replace the card in the deck, shuffl e the deck, and draw a card again. Continue until you draw an ace, or until you draw 10 cards, whichever comes fi rst. What is the probability of drawing
Organ donors A recent opinion poll showed that about 75% of Americans would donate their organs upon death. Suppose that this is exactly true. Choosing an American at random then has probability 0.75 of getting one who would donate his or her organs. If we interview Americans separately, we can
Basic simulation Use Table B to simulate the responses of 10 independently chosen adults in each of the four situations of Exercise 7.13.(a) For situation (a), use line 110.(b) For situation (b), use line 111.(c) For situation (c), use line 112.(d) For situation (d), use line 113.
Get rid of exams! Suppose that 80% of a school’s students favor abolishing exams. You ask 10 students chosen at random. What is the probability that all 10 favor abolishing exams?(a) State assumptions for the chance behavior involved in this setting.(b) Assign digits to represent the answers
Which party does it better? An opinion poll selects adult Americans at random and asks them, “Which political party, Democratic or Republican, do you think is more concerned with providing health care for the poor?” Explain carefully how you would assign digits from Table B to simulate the
In the long run Suppose that the fi rst six tosses of a coin give six tails and that tosses aft er that are exactly half heads and half tails. What is the proportion of heads aft er the fi rst six tosses? What is the proportion of heads aft er 100 tosses if the last 94 produce 47 heads? What is the
Reacting to risks National newspapers such as USA Today and the New York Times carry many more stories about deaths from airplane crashes than about deaths from automobile crashes. Auto accidents kill about 40,000 people in the United States each year. Crashes of all scheduled air carriers,
Cold weather coming A TV weather man, predicting a colder-than-normal winter, said, “First, in looking at the past few winters, there has been a lack of really cold weather. Even though we are not supposed to use the law of averages, we are due.” Do you think that “due by the law of
Surprising? You are getting to know your new roommate, assigned to you by the college. In the course of a long conversation, you find that both of you have sisters named Deborah. Should you be surprised? Explain your answer.
Playing “Pick 4” Th e Pick 4 games in many state lotteries announce a fourdigit winning number each day. Th e winning number is essentially a four-digit group from a table of random digits. You win if your choice matches the winning digits, in any order. Th e winnings are divided among all
Personal random numbers? Ask several of your friends (at least 10 people)to choose a four-digit number “at random.” How many of the numbers chosen start with 1 or 2? How many start with 8 or 9? (Th ere is strong evidence that people in general tend to choose numbers that start with low digits.)
Toss three coins What is the probability of getting 2 heads and 1 tail when you toss three coins? Give appropriate evidence to support your answer.
Rolling a die Imagine rolling a fair, six-sided die, like the kind used in many board games. What is the probability of getting a 4? Justify your answer.
From words to probabilities Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur. Match one of the probabilities that follow with each statement of likelihood given. (Th e probability is usually a more exact measure of likelihood than is the verbal statement.)0 0.01 0.3 0.6 0.99 1(a) Th is
Random digits Th e table of random digits (Table B) was produced by a chance process that gives each digit a 1/10 chance of being a 0. Examine the fi rst 200 digits in the table and determine what proportion are 0s. (Th is proportion is an estimate, based on 200 repetitions, of the true
How many tosses to get a head? When we toss a penny, experience shows that the probability (long-term proportion) of a head is close to 1/2. Suppose that we toss the penny repeatedly until we get a head. We want to know the probability that the fi rst head comes up in an odd number of tosses (1, 3,
Spinning a quarter With your forefi nger, hold a new quarter (one with a state featured on the reverse) upright, on its edge, on a hard surface. Th en fl ick it with your other forefi nger so that it spins for some time before it falls and comes to rest. Spin the coin a total of 25 times, and
Prison experiments Th e decision to ban medical experiments on federal prisoners followed the uncovering of experiments in the 1960s that exposed prisoners to serious harm. But experiments such as the vitamin C test of Example 1.9 (page 13)are also banned from federal prisons. Because of the diffi
Ethics What are the three “fi rst principles” of data ethics? Explain briefl y what the fl u vaccine study must do to apply each of these principles.
Design an experiment Use a diagram to outline the design of the experiment in this medical study.
Experiment basics Identify the subjects, the explanatory variable, and several response variables in this study.
Know these terms Explain in one sentence each what “randomized,”“double-blind,” and “placebo-controlled” mean in the description of the design of this study.
Do the twist Th e design of controls and instruments has a large eff ect on how easily people can use them. A student investigates this eff ect by asking righthanded students to turn a knob (with their right hands) that moves an indicator by screw action. Th ere are two identical instruments, one
Reducing health care spending Will people spend less on health care if their health insurance requires them to pay some part of the cost themselves? An experiment on this issue asked if the percent of medical costs paid by health insurance has an eff ect either on the amount of medical care that
Surgery or not? To compare surgical and nonsurgical treatments of intestinal cancer, researchers examined the records of a large number of patients. Patients who received surgery survived much longer (on the average) than patients who were treated without surgery. Th e study concludes that surgery
Should I take the class? A college allows students to choose either classroom or self-paced instruction in a basic economics course. Th e college wants to compare the eff ectiveness of self-paced and regular instruction. A professor proposes giving the same fi nal exam to all students in both
Testing a new drug A drug manufacturer is studying how a new drug behaves in patients. Investigators compare 2 doses: 5 milligrams (mg) and 10 mg. Th e drug can be administered by injection, by a skin patch, or by intravenous drip. Concentration in the blood aft er 30 minutes (the response
Deceiving subjects Students sign up to be subjects in a psychology experiment. When they arrive, they are told that interviews are running late and are taken to a waiting room. Th e experimenters then stage a theft of a valuable object left in the waiting room. Some subjects are alone with the
Human biological materials Long ago, doctors drew a blood specimen from you as part of treating minor anemia. Unknown to you, the sample was stored. Now researchers plan to use stored samples from you and many other people to look for genetic factors that may infl uence anemia. It is no longer
Anonymous or confi dential? One of the most important nongovernment surveys in the United States is the General Social Survey (Example 1.7, page 9).Th e GSS regularly monitors public opinion on a wide variety of political and social issues. Interviews are conducted in person in the subject’s
AIDS trials in Africa Eff ective drugs for treating AIDS are very expensive, so most African nations cannot aff ord to give them to large numbers of people.Yet AIDS is more common in parts of Africa than anywhere else. Several clinical trials are looking at ways to prevent pregnant mothers infected
Informed consent Th e information given to potential subjects in a clinical trial before asking them to decide whether or not to participate might include any of the following. Do you feel that all of this information is ethically required?Discuss.(a) Th e basic statement that an experiment is
Animal welfare Many people are concerned about the ethics of experimentation with living animals. Some go as far as to regard any animal experiments as unethical, regardless of the benefi ts to human beings. Briefl y explain your position on each of the following uses of animal subjects.(a)
Who serves on the review board? Government regulations require that institutional review boards consist of at least fi ve people, including at least one scientist, one nonscientist, and one person from outside the institution. Most boards are larger, but many contain just one outsider.(a) Why
Surveys of youth A survey asked teenagers whether they had ever consumed an alcoholic beverage. Th ose who said “Yes” were then asked, How old were you when you fi rst consumed an alcoholic beverage?Should consent of parents be required to ask minors about alcohol, drugs, and other such issues,
Students as subjects Students taking Psychology 001 are required to serve as experimental subjects. Students in Psychology 002 are not required to serve, but they are given extra credit if they do so. Students in Psychology 003 are required either to sign up as subjects or to write a term paper.
Tempting subjects A psychologist conducts the following experiment:she measures the attitude of subjects toward cheating, then has them play a game rigged so that winning without cheating is impossible. Th e computer that organizes the game also records—unknown to the subjects—whether or not
Placebos At present there is no vaccine for a serious viral disease. A vaccine is developed and appears eff ective in animal trials. Only a comparative experiment with human subjects in which a control group receives a placebo can determine the true worth of the vaccine. Is it ethical to give some
Equal treatment Researchers on aging proposed to investigate the eff ect of supplemental health services on the quality of life of older people. Eligible patients on the rolls of a large medical clinic were to be randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Th e treatment group would be off
AIDS clinical trials Now that eff ective treatments for AIDS are at last available, is it ethical to test treatments that may be less eff ective?Combinations of several powerful drugs reduce the level of the virus in the blood and at least delay illness and death from AIDS. But eff ectiveness
Sham surgery? Clinical trials like the Parkinson’s disease study cited at the beginning of this section are becoming more common. One medical researcher says, “Th is is just the beginning. Tomorrow, if you have a new procedure, you will have to do a double-blind placebo trial.”33 Arguments
Not really anonymous Some common practices may appear to off er anonymity while actually delivering only confi dentiality. Market researchers oft en use mail surveys that do not ask the respondent’s identity but contain hidden codes on the questionnaire that identify the respondent. A false claim
Anonymous or confi dential? Texas A&M, like many universities, off ers free screening for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Th e announcement says,“Persons who sign up for the HIV Screening will be assigned a number so that they do not have to give their name.” Th ey can learn the results of the
Informed consent A researcher suspects that traditional religious beliefs tend to be associated with an authoritarian personality. She prepares a questionnaire that measures authoritarian tendencies and also asks many religious questions. Write a description of the purpose of this research to be
Is consent needed? In which of the circumstances below would you allow collecting personal information without the subjects’ consent?(a) A government agency takes a random sample of income tax returns to obtain information on the average income of people in diff erent occupations. Only the
Minimal risk? You have been invited to serve on a college’s institutional review board. You must decide whether several research proposals qualify for lighter review because they involve only minimal risk to subjects. Federal regulations say that “minimal risk” means the risks are no greater
Opinion polls Th e presidential election campaign is in full swing, and the candidates have hired polling organizations to take regular polls to fi nd out what the voters think about the issues. What information should the pollsters be required to give out?(a) What does the standard of informed
Bee healed! “Bee pollen is eff ective for combating fatigue, depression, cancer, and colon disorders.” So says a Web site that off ers the pollen for sale. We wonder if bee pollen really does prevent colon disorders. Here are two ways to study this question. Explain why the second design will
Is caff eine dependence real? Many people start their day with a jolt of caff eine from coff ee or a soft drink. Most experts agree that people who take in large amounts of caff eine each day may suff er from physical withdrawal symptoms if they stop ingesting their usual amounts of caff eine.
Morphine and cancer Health care providers are giving more attention to relieving the pain of cancer patients. An article in the journal Cancer reviewed a number of studies and concluded that controlled-release morphine tablets, which release the painkiller gradually over time, are more eff ective
Harmful auto emissions Most motor vehicles are equipped with catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions. Th e ceramic used to make the converters must be baked to a certain hardness. Th e manufacturer must decide which of three temperatures (5008F, 7508F, and 10008F) is best. Th e position of

Showing 1200 - 1300 of 2867

First
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Last

Step by Step Answers

Services

Sitemap
Fun
Definitions
Become Tutor
Used Textbooks
Study Help Categories
Recent Questions
Expert Questions
Campus Wear
Sell Your Books

Company Info

Security
Copyrights
Privacy Policy
Terms & Conditions
SolutionInn Fee
Scholarship
Online Quiz
Give Feedback, Get Rewards

Get In Touch

About Us
Contact Us
Career
Jobs
FAQ
Student Discount
Campus Ambassador

Secure Payment

Download Our App

© 2026 SolutionInn. All Rights Reserved