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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering
Basic Mechanical Engineering 2nd Edition PRAVIN KUMAR - Solutions
Law of the gearing is satisfied if(a) Two surfaces slide smoothly(b) Common normal at the point of contact passes through pitch point on the line joining the centers of rotation(c) The addendum is greater than dedendum(d) None of these
Define slip and creep with respect to belt drives.
The slippage does not occur in the belt drive of ____ cross-section.
The difference between dedendum and addendum is known as _____.
Best profile to obtain resistance against wear is ____.
The product of circular pitch and diametral pitch is equal to ____.
The friction moment in clutches with assumption of uniform wear as compared to uniform pressure is:(a) More(b) Less(c) Same(d) None of these
A single plate clutch of both sides effective has outer and inner radii as 300 and \(200 \mathrm{~mm}\). The maximum intensity of pressure at any point in the contact surface should not exceed to \(0.1 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\). If the coefficient of friction is 0.3 , find the power
If \(\phi\) be the angle of friction, then radius of friction circle is given by:(a) \(r\)(b) \(r \sin \phi\)(c) \(r \cos \phi\)(d) None of these
Explain the role of clutch in power transmission.
A multi-disc clutch has 3-discs on the driving shaft and 2-discs on the driven shaft. Outside radius of the contact surface is \(180 \mathrm{~mm}\) and inside radius is \(120 \mathrm{~mm}\). Assuming uniform wear and coefficient of friction is 0.3 . Find the maximum axial intensity of pressure
Friction radius in comparison to worn-out will be:(a) Same(b) More(c) Less(d) None of these
Derive the formula for torque transmitted by a single plate disc clutch assuming uniform pressure.
A cone clutch has a cone angle of \(40^{\circ}\). The maximum pressure between contact surface is limited to \(0.3 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) and width of conical surface is half of the mean radius, find the radii of the conical surface to transmit \(30 \mathrm{~kW}\) at 2,000 rpm. Assume
For new clutches and brakes, friction radius is equal to:(a) \(\frac{D+d}{4}\)(b) \(\frac{1}{3} \frac{D^{3}-d^{3}}{D^{2}-d^{2}}\)(c) \(\frac{1}{2} \frac{D^{3}-d^{3}}{D^{2}-d^{2}}\)(d) \(\frac{1}{3} \frac{D^{2}-d^{2}}{D^{3}-d^{3}}\)
Derive the formula for torque transmitted by a cone clutch assuming uniform wear.
There are four shoes in the centrifugal clutch. The mass of each shoe is \(5 \mathrm{~kg}\). When the clutch is at rest, the force exerted by spring on shoes is \(200 \mathrm{~N}\). The clearance between shoes and drum is \(4 \mathrm{~mm}\). Spring constant is \(25 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{mm}\). The
For uniform wear condition of brakes and clutches, friction radius is equal to:(a) \(\frac{D+d}{4}\)(b) \(\frac{1}{3} \frac{D^{3}-d^{3}}{D^{2}-d^{2}}\)(c) \(\frac{1}{2} \frac{D^{3}-d^{3}}{D^{2}-d^{2}}\)(d) \(\frac{1}{3} \frac{D^{2}-d^{2}}{D^{3}-d^{3}}\)
Which of the two assumptions: uniform pressure and uniform wear would you like to use in designing friction clutch? Explain the reasons.
A single block brake, as shown in Figure 16.8 (a), has brake drum diameter of \(250 \mathrm{~mm}\). It can withstand \(300 \mathrm{Nm}\) torque at \(500 \mathrm{rpm}\). The coefficient of friction between block and drum is 0.25 . Determine the force \((\mathrm{P})\) required to apply when the drum
The commonly used angle between the cone surface and horizontal axis for a cone clutch utilizing leather to asbestos lining is about:(a) \(8^{\circ}\)(b) \(12.5^{\circ}\)(c) \(20^{\circ}\)(d) \(30^{\circ}\)
Describe the working of centrifugal clutch and express the equation for torque transmitted.
In a double block brake, as shown in Figure 16.8 (c), has drum radius \(=400 \mathrm{~mm}\), angle of contact \((2 \theta)=30^{\circ}\), coefficient of friction \((\mu)=0.25\), the force applied on spring \(=10 \mathrm{kN}\), and \(x=0.4 \mathrm{~m}\), \(I=1 \mathrm{~m}\), and \(c=0.1
In a cone clutch, a given torque can be transmitted by a relatively small axial force if the cone face angle is:(a) More(b) Less(c) Same(d) Any angle
What is the use of the braking system in a vehicle? Classify the various types of brakes.
In a differential band brake as shown in Figure 16.9 (a), the data are given as: radius \(=400 \mathrm{~mm}\), \(a=40 \mathrm{~mm}, b=200 \mathrm{~mm}, l=1,000 \mathrm{~mm}, \theta=\) \(270^{\circ}, \mu=0.25, \mathrm{~F}=600 \mathrm{~N}\). Calculate the braking torque.
For a block brake, the equivalent coefficient of friction is equal to:(a) \(\frac{4 \sin \theta}{2 \theta+\sin 2 \theta} \mu\)(b) \(\frac{2 \sin \theta}{2 \theta+\sin 2 \theta} \mu\)(c) \(\frac{4 \sin 2 \theta}{2 \theta+\sin 2 \theta} \mu\)(d) \(\frac{2 \sin 2 \theta}{2 \theta+\sin 2 \theta} \mu\)
Describe the working of internal shoe expanding brake with a neat sketch. Also, derive the expression for braking torque.
In a band and block brake, as shown in Figure 16.10 (a), the data are given as: \(n=12\), angle subtended by each block \(=30^{\circ}\), radius of drum \(=300 \mathrm{~mm}\), block thickness \(=40 \mathrm{~mm}, \mu=0.3\), \(a=400 \mathrm{~mm}, b=40 \mathrm{~mm}, \mathrm{~F}=400 \mathrm{~N}, l=800
The percentage of total brake effort that results from self-energizing action depends on:(a) The location of brake arm pivot point(b) The coefficient of friction(c) The direction of rotation of the brake drum(d) All of the above
Prove in the band-block brake.\[\frac{T_{0}}{T_{n}}=\left(\frac{1+\mu \tan \theta}{1-\mu \tan \theta}\right)^{n}\]
Following data are given for internal shoe expanding brake as shown in Figure 16.11 (b): Force on each shoe \(=500 \mathrm{~N}\), internal radius of brake drum \((r)=200 \mathrm{~mm}, \mu=0.3\), width of brake lining \((b)=40 \mathrm{~mm}, a=25 \mathrm{~mm}, C=125\) \(\mathrm{mm},
In order to prevent the brake arm from grabbing, the moment of friction force about the brake arm pivot point should be:(a) Less than the total required braking effort(b) Greater than the total required braking effort(c) Equal to the total required braking effort(d) None of these
Differentiate the functions of coupling, clutch, and brake.
Coupling, which prevents transmission of shock from one shaft to another, is known as:(a) Oldham coupling(c) Flexible coupling(b) Universal coupling(d) Jaw coupling
What is a brake? Describe an internal expanding shoe brake with a neat sketch and state its applications.
In flange coupling, the weakest element is:(a) Flange(b) Bolt(c) Key(d) Shaft
Explain with a suitable diagram, working principle of disc clutch and band brake.
A flange coupling is a:(a) Rigid coupling(b) Flexible coupling(c) Both (a) and (b)(d) None of these
What is coupling? Explain internal expanding shoe brake with a neat sketch.
In flange coupling, the flanges are joined together by:(a) Head less taper bolts(b) Rivets(c) Nuts and bolts(d) Studs
What are the different types of couplings? Explain the centrifugal clutch.
Number of bolts in flange coupling should not be less than:(a) 2(b) 3(c) 4(d) 8
What are bearings? Explain with neat sketch worm and worm wheel.
A universal coupling is:(a) Rigid coupling(b) Flexible coupling(c) Both (a) and (b)(d) None of these
What is brake? How does it differ from clutch? What are various types of clutches? Name type of clutch is used in scooter and car.
A universal coupling is used to connect:(a) Whose axes intersect at a small angle(b) Which are perfectly aligned(c) Which are not aligned(d) Have lateral misalignment
Explain the working of friction clutch with a neat sketch.
Explain the mechanical properties of engineering materials in brief.
Ability of material to resist deformation due to stress is known as:(a) Toughness(b) Stiffness(c) Plasticity(d) Hardness
Explain the experimental set up of tensile testing of steel.
Ability of material to resist fracture due to high impact load is known as:(a) Toughness(b) Stiffness(c) Plasticity(d) Hardness
Explain the methods to measure the hardness of a material.
Ability of material to absorb energy in the plastic range is known as:(a) Resilience(b) Stiffness(c) Plasticity(d) Hardness
How do you measure the toughness of a material?Explain the experimental methods used to measure the same.
Ability of material to undergo large permanent deformation in tension is known as:(a) Toughness(b) Stiffness(c) Ductility(d) Hardness
Classify the engineering materials and explain the application and constituents of some of the important ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
Property of material due to which they can be drawn into wire is known as:(a) Toughness(b) Stiffness(c) Ductility(d) Hardness
Write short notes on: (i) Timber, (ii) composite materials, (iii) glass, and (iv) plastics.
Ability of material to retain permanent deformation is known as:(a) Toughness(b) Stiffness(c) Plasticity(d) Hardness
What are different classes of cast iron? What are their properties and applications?
Property of material due to which it can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets is known as:(a) Toughness(b) Stiffness(c) Malleability(d) Hardness
What is plain carbon steel? Give the classification of plain carbon steels and their important properties and uses.
Ability of material to resist penetration by another material is known as:(a) Toughness(b) Stiffness(c) Plasticity(d) Hardness
Define the following terms:(i) Toughness, (ii) Hardness, (iii) Normalizing, and (iv) Case hardening.
Hardness can be defined as resistance to:(a) Wear(b) Local penetration(c) Scratching(d) All of the above
Define the following mechanical properties:(i) Strength, (ii) Hardness, (iii) Ductility, and(iv) Toughness.
When a body recovers its original dimensions on removing the external load, it is known as:(a) Elastic(b) Plastic(c) Brittle(d) None of these
Define elasticity, rigidity, hardness, fatigue, ductility, brittleness.
Cast Iron is a:(a) Ductile material(b) Malleable material(c) Brittle material(d) None of these
Define ferrous and non-ferrous materials with their properties and suitable application.
Silicon steel is widely used in:(a) Cutting tools(b) Connecting rod(c) Electrical industry(d) Chemical industry
Enlist physical properties of engineering materials.
Thermosetting plastics are the materials that:(a) Become soft on the application of heat and can be molded again(b) Do not become hard with the application of heat and pressure and no chemical change occurs(c) Set permanently with heat and pressure and cannot be deformed when again subject to
How can engineering materials be classified?
Thermoplastics are the materials that:(a) Become soft on the application of heat and can be molded again(b) Do not become hard with the application of heat and pressure and no chemical change occurs(c) Set permanently with heat and pressure and cannot be deformed when again subject to heat(d) None
What is ferrous metal? Write a note on stainless steel. Write down its application.
Moh's scale is used in connection with:(a) The composition of the metal(b) The hardness of the material(c) Wear criterion of metals(d) The tensile strength of metals
Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
Define composite materials, write down its practical applications.
Polyesters belong to the group of:(a) Thermoplastic(b) Thermosetting plastic(c) Phenolics(d) PVC
What is alloy? Write down its application.
Explain applications of composites.
Brinell hardness number is equal to:(a) \(\frac{P}{D-\sqrt{D^{2}-d^{2}}}\)(b) \(\frac{P}{D\left[D-\sqrt{D^{2}-d^{2}}\right]}\)(c) \(\frac{2 P}{D-\sqrt{D^{2}-d^{2}}}\)(d) \(\frac{2 P}{\pi D\left[D-\sqrt{D^{2}-d^{2}}\right]}\)
Vicker's Pyramid Number (VPN) is equal to:(a) \(\frac{2 P \sin \theta}{d^{2}}\)(b) \(\frac{P \sin \theta}{d^{2}}\)(c) \(\frac{P \sin \frac{\theta}{2}}{d^{2}}\)(d) None of these
Define composite material. How are composites classified?
Knoop Harness Number (KHN) is equal to:(a) \(\frac{P}{L C}\)(b) \(\frac{P}{L^{2} C}\)(c) \(\frac{2 P}{L C}\)(d) \(\frac{2 P}{L^{2} C}\)
Composite materials are:(a) Made mainly to improve temperature resistance(b) Used for improved optical properties(c) Made with strong fibers embedded in weaker and softer matrix to obtain strength better than the strength of matrix.(d) Made with strong fibers embedded in weaker and softer matrix to
Ceramic materials are:(a) Good conductors of electricity(b) Basically crystalline oxides or metals(c) Inorganic compounds of metallic and nonmetallic elements(d) None of the above
Which of the following equipment is not used for temperature measurement:(a) RTD(b) Thermister(c) Gas thermometer(d) Rotameter
What are the various methods used for temperature measurement? Explain any one of them.
What is the principle of working of RTD? Explain the working.
What is a CAFR? Discuss.
Which of the following is correct:(a) \(P_{\text {abs }}=P_{\text {atmospheric }}+P_{\text {gauge }}\)(b) \(P_{\text {abs }}=P_{\text {atmospheric }}-P_{\text {gauge }}\)(c) Both(d) None of these
Manometer is used to measure:(a) Pressure(b) Velocity(c) Flow(d) Temperature
What is the difference in principle of working of Orificemeter and rotameter? Discuss with applications
Which of the following is not used to measure pressure:(a) Pirani gauge(b) Ion gauge(c) Bourdon gauge(d) Slip gauge
Explain the working of a manometer for pressure measurement.
Prony brake dynamometer is a type of:(a) Transmission dynamometer(b) Absorption dynamometer(c) Electrical dynamometer(d) None of these
Explain the principle of working of a thermocouple for temperature measurement.
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