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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering
Basic Mechanical Engineering 2nd Edition PRAVIN KUMAR - Solutions
In gas welding, maximum temperature occurs at:(a) Inner cone(b) Outer cone(c) Next to the inner cone(d) Tip of the flame
In oxyacetylene as welding, flame temperature used is:(a) \(1200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)(b) \(1800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)(b) \(2400^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)(d) \(3200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)
Gray cast iron is generally welded by:(a) Gas welding(b) Arc welding(b) TIG welding(d) MIG welding
In thermit welding, aluminum and iron oxides are mixed in the proportion of:(a) \(1: 1\)(b) \(1: 2\)(c) \(1: 3\)(d) \(3: 1\)
For proper mixing of oxygen and pressure regulation of acetylene and oxygen in oxyacetylene welding, the device used is:(a) Welding torch(b) Cylinder(c) Hose pipe(d) None of the above
In arc welding, penetration is deepest for:(a) DCRP(b) DCSP(c) A.C.(d) None of these
The hard filler material used in brazing is:(a) Solder(c) Spelter(b) Flux(d) Electrode
Solder is essentially a:(a) Tin silver base(b) Tin lead base(c) Silver lead base(d) Bismuth lead base
Oxygen to acetylene ratio in case of neutral flame:(a) \(1: 1\)(b) \(1.2: 1\)(c) \(0.8: 1\)(d) \(2: 1\)
Oxygen to acetylene ratio in case of oxidizing flame:(a) \(1: 1\)(b) \(1.2: 1\)(c) \(1.5: 1\)(d) \(2: 1\)
Oxygen to acetylene ratio in case of carburizing flame:(a) \(1: 1\)(b) \(1.2: 1\)(c) \(0.9: 1\)(d) \(2: 1\)
Main advantage of MIG welding over TIG welding is that:(a) Former can be used to weld hard metals(b) Former permits use of large currents thereby allowing higher deposition(c) Welding rate is very fast(d) Welding is completely automatic
Flux used for brazing cast iron is:(a) A mixture of boric acid, borax and a wetting agent(b) A mixture of boric acid, borax of fluoride with a wetting agent(c) Chlorides and fluorides mixed with water(d) None of the above
Soldering iron is made of wedge shape in order to:(a) Apply high-pressure at the edge(b) Retain heat(c) Retain solder(d) Facilitate molecular attraction
Carburizing flame is used to weld metal like:(a) Steel(b) Copper and Bras(c) Aluminum, stainless steel, Zinc die casting, Nickel, Monel metal(d) None of the above
An amorphous material is:(a) Mica(b) Lead(c) Rubber(d) Glass
Discuss the application vernier caliper and its method of measurement.
In center lathe, cutting tool is fed in ____ directions with reference to the lathe axis.
Quick return motion is incorporated in a shaper, a planer and ____.
Length of open belt connecting two pulleys of radii \(r_{1}\) and \(r_{2}\) and at a center distance \(D\) apart, is:(a) \(\pi\left(r_{1}+r_{2}\right)+\left(r_{1}-r_{2}\right)^{2} / D+2 D\)(b) \(\pi\left(r_{1}+r_{2}\right)+\left(r_{1}+r_{2}\right)^{2} / D+2 D\)(c)
A flywheel:(a) Is provided to minimize the engine vibration(b) Is provided to control engine speed(c) Controls output fluctuation and input accordingly(d) All of the above
What is a function of a flywheel? How does it differ from a governor?
A motor of \(5 \mathrm{~kW}\) running at \(950 \mathrm{rpm}\) is used in a riveting machine. A flywheel is attached to the machine has a mass of \(100 \mathrm{~kg}\) and radius of gyration of \(0.4 \mathrm{~m}\). Each riveting takes 1 second and requires \(10 \mathrm{~kW}\). Determine: (i) the
The speed variation in engine caused by the fluctuations of engine turning moment is controlled by a:(a) Slide valve(b) Governor(c) Flywheel(d) None of these
Define the term coefficient of fluctuation of energy and coefficient of fluctuation of speed in a flywheel.
A steam engine of \(100 \mathrm{~kW}\) runs at \(100 \mathrm{rpm}\). The speed of the engine is to be maintained within \(1 \%\) variation in mean speed. The flywheel has a mass of \(2000 \mathrm{~kg}\) and radius of gyration of \(1 \mathrm{~m}\). Determine the coefficient of fluctuation of energy.
Ratio of difference between the maximum and minimum speed to that of mean speed is known as:(a) Sensitiveness of governor(b) Isochronisms in the governor(c) Stability of governor(d) None of these
Derive the expression for maximum fluctuation of energy in a flywheel.
An electric motor drives a punching press. A flywheel fitted to the press has a radius of gyration \(0.4 \mathrm{~m}\) and runs at \(240 \mathrm{rpm}\). The press is capable of punching 600 holes per hour with each punching operation taking 1.5 seconds and requiring \(10000 \mathrm{~N}-\mathrm{m}\)
A governor is said to be sensitive, when:(a) The ratio of the difference of maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to mean speed is maximum(b) Governor readily responds to a small variation of speed(c) Displacement of the sleeve is maximum for a small change of speed(d) All of the above
What is a function of governors? Explain in detail.
A porter governor has an equal arm's length of \(220 \mathrm{~mm}\) long and pivoted at the axis of rotation. Each ball has a mass of \(5 \mathrm{~kg}\) and the mass of central load on the sleeve is \(20 \mathrm{~kg}\). When the governor begins to lift, the radius of rotation of the ball is \(100
A governor is said to be stable, when:(a) There is a minimum change in radius of governor weights at operating speed(b) There is one radius of governor weights for each equilibrium speed(c) The position of balls does not change within the operating speed(d) The position of balls changes within
Classify the various types of governors. Differentiate between centrifugal and inertia types of governors.
A Proell governor has an equal arm's length of \(420 \mathrm{~mm}\). The upper and lower ends of the arms are pivoted on the axis of the governor. The extension arms of the lower links are each 80 \(\mathrm{mm}\) long and parallel to the axis when the radii of rotation of the balls are \(160
Isochronism in a governor is required when:(a) One speed is required for all loads(b) One speed is required under one load(c) Engine runs at high speed(d) Engine runs at low speed
Write short notes on(a) sensitiveness of governor(b) isochronisms of governor(c) hunting of governor.
When a governor is over sensitive, the sleeve will oscillate between two extreme positions on a slight change of speed. The governor is said to be:(a) Isochronous(b) Stable(c) Unstable(d) Hunting
What is governor? What are the various types of governors? Explain watt governor with neat sketch.
Mean force exerted by governor on the sleeve for a given variation of speed is known as:(a) Sensitiveness of governor(b) Stability of governor(c) The effort of governor(d) None of these
Differentiate between the functions of governor and flywheel.
Dead weight governor is:(a) Porter governor(b) Watt governor(c) Hartnell governor(d) All of the above
Pendulum type governor is:(a) Hartnell governor(b) Watt governor(c) Porter Governor(d) All of the above
Height of a Watt governor is:(a) Inversely proportional to the speed(b) Inversely proportional to the square of the speed(c) Directly proportional to the square of the speed(d) Directly proportional to the speed
With increase in speed of governor:(a) The height of governor increases(b) The height of governor decreases(c) The radius of rotation increases(d) Both(b) and (c)
As the sleeve of Porter governor moves upwards, the governor speed:(a) Increases(b) Decreases(c) Remain same(d) None of these
The balls are attached to the extension of lower links in:(a) Hartnell governor(b) Watt governor(c) Porter governor(d) Proell governor
In Hartnell governor, the compression of the spring as compared to lift of the sleeve is:(a) More(b) Less(c) Same(d) None of these
If the stiffness of spring the Hartnell governor is increased, the governor will become:(a) More sensitive(b) Less sensitive(c) Remain same(d) None of these
In a flywheel, the maximum fluctuation of energy is the:(a) The sum of the maximum and minimum energy(b) The difference between the maximum and minimum energy(c) The ratio of maximum and minimum energy(d) The ratio of mean resisting torque to the work done per cycle
In a turning moment diagram, the variation of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line is called:(a) Fluctuation of energy(b) Maximum fluctuation of energy(c) The coefficient of fluctuation of energy(d) None of these
The ratio of maximum fluctuation of energy to is called coefficient of fluctuation of energy.(a) Minimum fluctuation of energy(b) Work done per cycle(c) Both(a) and (b)(d) None of these
Maximum fluctuation of energy in a flywheel is equal to:(a) I. \(\omega\left(\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}\right)\)(b) I. \(\omega_{2} \cdot C_{s}\)(c) \(2 E . C_{s}\)(d) All of the above
In a belt drive pulley acts as:(a) Sliding pair(b) Rolling pair(c) Turning pair(d) None of these
In a flat belt drive prove that \(\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}=e^{\mu \theta}\); where \(T_{1}\) is tension in tight side, \(T_{2}\) is tension in slack side, \(\mu\) is coefficient of friction, \(\theta\) is angle of lapin radian.
The speed of a driving shaft is \(80 \mathrm{rpm}\) and the speed of the driven shaft is \(120 \mathrm{rpm}\). The diameter of the driving pulley is given as \(600 \mathrm{~mm}\). Find the diameter of the driven pulley in the following cases:(a) If belt thickness is negligible(b) If belt thickness
When two pulleys are connected by a cross-belt drive, then both the pulleys rotate in:(a) Same direction(b) Opposite direction(c) Not necessary(d) None of these
What is initial tension in the belt? Explain the effect of centrifugal tension in the belt drive.
Two shafts are arranged parallel to each other at a distance of \(8 \mathrm{~m}\). If the pulleys' diameters mounted on the shafts are of \(600 \mathrm{~mm}\) and 1000 \(\mathrm{mm}\). Find the ratio of the length of belts for open and cross belt drives.
Find the condition for maximum power transmission in the belt drive.
A leather belt of density \(1000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\), the thickness of \(10 \mathrm{~mm}\) is used to transmit a power of 10 \(\mathrm{kW}\) from a pulley of diameter \(1.2 \mathrm{~m}\) and running at \(250 \mathrm{rpm}\). Determine the width of the belt taking centrifugal tension into
Length of cross belt connecting two pulleys of radii \(r_{1}\) and \(r_{2}\) and at a center distance \(D\) apart, is:(a) \(\pi\left(r_{1}+r_{2}\right)+\left(r_{1}-r_{2}\right)^{2} / D+2 D\)(b) \(\pi\left(r_{1}+r_{2}\right)+\left(r_{1}+r_{2}\right)^{2} / D+2 D\)(c)
Find the expression for the length of belt in the open belt drive.
An open belt drive transmits a power of \(5 \mathrm{~kW}\). The linear velocity of the belt is \(8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}\). The angle of the lap on the smaller pulley is \(165^{\circ}\). The coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.25 . Determine the effect of the following on
Angle of contact in cross-belt drive in comparison to open belt drive is:(a) More(b) Less(c) Same(d) None
Find the expression for the length of belt in the cross belt drive.
The gear 1 , mounted on the motor shaft, rotates at \(600 \mathrm{rpm}\). Find the speed of gear 6, mounted on the output shaft. The number of teeth on each gear are given below as (refer Figure 15.25):Figure 15.25: Gear 1 2 3 4 5 6 Teeth 20 30 60 40 80 100
Slip in belt drive is difference between:(a) Angular velocities between two pulleys(b) The linear speed of the rim of pulleys and the belt on it(c) The velocities of two pulleys(d) None of these
What are the various types of chain drive? Explain with neat sketches.
An engine turning \(250 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{min}\) drives a \(40 \mathrm{~cm}\) diameter shaft with the help of belt drive system. If the diameter of engine pulleys is \(60 \mathrm{~cm}\) determine the speed of the shaft. How would the shaft speed be attached if a belt thickness of \(10
In belt drives, effect of centrifugal tension is:(a) To increase the driving power(b) To decrease the driving power(c) Nor appreciable on driving power(d) None of these
What are the relative merits and demerits of belt, rope and chain drive?
A flat belt is required to transmit \(35 \mathrm{~kW}\) from a pulley of \(1.5 \mathrm{~m}\) effective diameter running at 300 \(\mathrm{rpm}\). The angle of contact is spread over 11/24 of the circumference and the coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.3 . The belt thickness is
If \(T_{1}\) and \(T_{2}\) are tensions on tight and slack side of belt, \(\theta\) is angle of contact and \(\mu\) is coefficient of friction between belt and pulley, then ratio of tension is:(a) \(\mathrm{T}_{1} / \mathrm{T}_{2}=\mu^{\theta}\)(b) \(\mathrm{T}_{1} / \mathrm{T}_{2}=\mathrm{e}^{\mu
State the law of gearing.
A V-belt drive transmits \(10 \mathrm{~kW}\) power at 240 rpm. The grooved pulley has a mean diameter of \(1.2 \mathrm{~m}\) and groove angle of \(45^{\circ}\). Taking \(\mu=0.3\) and angle of lap equal to radians, determine the tensions on each side of the belt.
For maximum power transmission, the maximum tension \(\mathrm{T}_{\max }\) in the belt is equal to:(a) \(\mathrm{Tc}\)(b) \(2 \mathrm{Tc}\)(c) \(3 \mathrm{Tc}\)(d) \(\mathrm{Tc} / 3\)
Define: (i) module, (ii) pressure angle, (iii) pitch point, (iv) addendum, (v) dedendum, (vi) flank, (vii) face, (viii) circular pitch, (ix) dimetral pitch, and (x) pitch circle.
Creep in belt is due to:(a) The elasticity of belt material(b) Elongation of the belt due to tension(c) Differential elongation of the belt due to the difference in tension on two sides of a pulley(d) Plasticity of belt material
Differentiate involute and cycloidal profiles of gear teeth.
Included angle of V-belt is generally:(a) \(10^{\circ}\) to \(20^{\circ}\)(b) \(20^{\circ}\) to \(30^{\circ}\)(c) \(30^{\circ}\) to \(40^{\circ}\)(d) \(50^{\circ}\) to \(60^{\circ}\)
Classify the gears and explain them with neat sketches.
In designation 6 by 19 rope, 6 and 19 respectively stand for:(a) The diameter of wire rope and number of strands(b) The diameter of wire rope and number of wires(c) Number of wires and number of strands(d) Number of strands and number of wires
Explain the phenomena interference and undercutting in gear drive.
A chain drive is used for:(a) Short distance(b) Medium distance(c) Long distance(d) Distance is no barrier
Sketch and describe helical and bevel gear and state applications of each.
Silent chain is made of:(a) Links and blocks(b) Links, pins, bushings, and rollers(c) 3 or more roller chains(d) Inverted tooth and overlapping links
What is belt drive? Describe briefly types of belt drives.
Wire ropes are used for:(a) Low speeds and low tension(b) Low speeds and high tension(c) High speeds and low tension(d) None of these
Explain with a neat sketch worm and worm wheel.
The ratio of the number of teeth and pitch circle diameter is called:(a) Pitch(b) Circular pitch(c) Diametral pitch(d) Module
Write the different methods of power transmission?
The circle passing through the bottom of the teeth of gear is known as:(a) Inner circle(b) Base circle(c) Addendum Circle(d) Dedendum circle
Explain chain drives and rope drives, and their applications?
The circle passing through the top of the teeth of gear is known as:(a) Inner circle(b) Base circle(c) Addendum circle(d) Dedendum circle
Explain belt drives and types of belts used in belt drives?
Pitch circle diameter of an involute gear is:(a) Independent of any other factor(b) Dependent on the pressure angle(c) Constant for a set of meshing gears(d) Proportional to the base diameter
Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of gear drives.
The surface of the gear below the pitch circle is called:(a) Face(b) Flank(c) Bottom tooth(d) Tooth depth
Derive an equation for the ratio of tension in the belt drive.
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