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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering
Basic Mechanical Engineering 2nd Edition PRAVIN KUMAR - Solutions
State the Kelvin-Planck and the Clausius statements of the second law of thermodynamics. Explain the equivalence of Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements.
State and explain Carnot theorem.
Write the statement of Boyle's law.
Write the statement of Charle's law.
Write the statement of Gay-Lussac's law.
Derive the expression for combined gas law.
Discuss about entropy and avaliable energy?
Explain air standard Carnot cycle with PV and TS diagram and write its efficiency?
Discuss about entropy and Clausius inequality.
Define open, closed and isolated systems. Classify each with example.
Differentiate among heat, work and internal energy.
Derive \(C_{p}-C_{v}=R\), with usual notations.
Define the isothermal process. Derive the expression for work done, change in internal energy and heat transfer for this process.
Define the following terms:(i) Absolute pressure and Atmospheric pressure.(ii) Enthalpy and Energy.
An ideal gas is heated from \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(145^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The mass of the gas is \(2 \mathrm{~kg}\). Determine: (i) specific heats, (ii) change in internal energy, (iii) change in enthalpy. Assume \(\mathrm{R}=287 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{kgK}\) and \(r=1.4\) for the gas.
A single stage compressor is required to compress \(94 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) air per min from 1 bar and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to 9 bar. Find the temperature at the end of compression, work done, the power required and heat rejected during each of the following process: (i) isothermal, (ii)
Determine the work done in compressing \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of air from a volume of \(0.15 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) at a pressure of \(1 \mathrm{bar}\) to a volume of \(0.05 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\), when the compression is (i) isothermal and (ii) adiabatic, take \(r=1.4\).
\(0.15 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) of air at a pressure of \(900 \mathrm{kPa}\) and \(300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is expanded at constant pressure to three times its initial volume, It is expanded polytropically following the law \(\mathrm{PV}^{1.5}=\mathrm{C}\) and finally compressed back to initial state
In an air compressor, air enters at 1.013bar and \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) having volume \(5 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{kg}\) and it is compressed to 12bar isothermally. Determine work done, heat transfer, and change in internal energy.
The work and heat per degree change of temperature for a process executing a non flow process is given by \(\frac{\delta W}{\delta T}=160 \mathrm{~W} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(\frac{\delta \mathcal{Q}}{\delta T}=200 \mathrm{~J} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Determine change in internal energy of
A blower handles \(2 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{sec}\). of air at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and consumes \(40 \mathrm{~kW}\) power. The inlet and outlet velocities of air are \(100 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}\). and \(150 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}\). respectively. Find exit temperature assuming the
The centrifugal pump delivers \(50 \mathrm{~kg}\) of water per second. The inlet and outlet pressures are 1 bar and 4.2 bar respectively. The suction is \(2.2 \mathrm{~m}\) below the center of the pump and delivery is \(8.5 \mathrm{~m}\) above the center of the pump. The suction and delivery pipe
Two reversible heat engine \(\mathrm{E}_{1}\) and \(\mathrm{E}_{2}\) are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature \(\mathrm{T}_{1}\) of \(600 \mathrm{~K}\) and a cold reservoir at temperature \(\mathrm{T}_{2}\) of \(300 \mathrm{~K}\). Engine \(\mathrm{E}_{1}\) receives \(500
A reversible heat engine operates between \(875 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(310 \mathrm{~K}\) and drives a reversible refrigerator operating between \(310 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(255 \mathrm{~K}\). The engine receives \(2000 \mathrm{~kJ}\) of heat and net work output from the arrangement equals \(350
A new temperature scale in degree \(\mathrm{N}\) is desired with a freezing point at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{N}\) and the boiling point at \(400^{\circ} \mathrm{N}\). Establish a correlation between degrees Celsius and degrees N. What would be the absolute temperature at \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{N}\) ?
A reversible heat engine operates within the higher and lower temperature limits of \(1400 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(400 \mathrm{~K}\) respectively. The entire output from this engine is utilized to operate a heat pump. The pump works on a reversed Carnot cycle, extracts heat from a reservoir at \(300
A sample of a gas with a volume of \(575 \mathrm{ml}\) and a pressure of \(756 \mathrm{~mm}\) has to be given a volume of \(375 \mathrm{ml}\). What pressure is needed if the temperature is kept constant?
What is the new pressure on a sample of gas that has an initial volume of \(1.4 \mathrm{~L}\) and a pressure of \(750 \mathrm{~mm}\) if the volume becomes \(2.2 \mathrm{~L}\) at the same temperature?
A balloon contains a gas with a volume of \(1.1 \mathrm{~L}\) at \(22^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(756 \mathrm{~mm}\). What would be the volume of the gas at a higher altitude where the pressure of the gas in the balloon decreases to \(500 \mathrm{~mm}\) ? Assume the temperature remains the same.
How many liters will \(10 \mathrm{~g}\) of dry ice (carbon dioxide) occupy at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ?
One kg of gas is compressed polytropically from \(160 \mathrm{kPa}\) pressure and \(280 \mathrm{~K}\) temperature to 760 \(\mathrm{kPa}\). The compression is according to law \(\mathrm{PV}^{1.3}\) \(=\) Constant. Find: (i) Final Temperature (ii) work done (iii) change in internal energy (iv) amount
One cubic meter of air at a pressure of 1.5 bar and \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is compressed to final pressure 8 bar and volume \(0.28 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\). Determine: (i) mass of air, (ii) index of ' \(n\) ' compression, (iii) change in internal energy, and (iv) Heat transfer during compression. Take
A cylinder contains \(0.6 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) of gas at a pressure of 1 bar and \(90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) the gas is compressed to a volume of \(0.18 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) according to law \(P V^{\mathrm{n}}=\mathrm{C}\). The final pressure is 5 bar. Assuming R \(=0.287 \mathrm{KJ} / \mathrm{Kg}
Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?(a) Oil(b) Natural gas(c) Geothermal(d) Coal
The total amount of heat or energy produced by \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of fuel is the:(a) Heat content(b) Net Calorific Value (NCV)(c) Gross Calorific Value (GCV)(d) Specific heat
Moisture, ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon are measured for coal as part of:(a) Proximate analysis(b) Proximate and ultimate analysis(c) Ultimate analysis(d) None of the above
What is the percentage of oxygen by volume in the atmosphere?(a) \(14 \%\)(b) \(23 \%\)(c) \(20.9 \%\)(d) \(79 \%\)
LPG is predominantly a mixture of propane and:(a) Methane(b) Isopropane(c) Butane(d) Ethane
Combustion of which of the following fuels requires the highest amount of excess air:(a) Light diesel oil (LDO)(b) Natural gas(c) LPG(d) Coal
The presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in flue gases means:(a) High excess air(b) Poor combustion(c) High thermal efficiency(d) All of the above
The complete combustion of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\) in air yields:(a) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\)(b) \(\mathrm{CO}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)(c) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)(d) \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\)
Which fuels are used for running automobiles?(a) Wood(c) Diesel(b) Coal(d) Charcoal
Charcoal burns in air, producing:(a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)(b) \(\mathrm{CO}\)(c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\)(d) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)
Combustion is a reaction in which a Substance reacts with:(a) Hydrogen(b) Nitrogen(c) Oxygen(d) Chlorine
Fuel may be:(a) Solid(b) Liquid(c) Gas(d) All of these
Combustion is a:(a) Physical process(b) Chemical process(c) Both (a) and (b)(d) None of these
Fire extinguisher:(a) Cut off the supply of air(b) Bring down the temperature of fuel(c) Both (a) and (b)(d) None of these
For combustion is necessary:(a) Air(b) Water(c) Paper(d) Fuel
Good fuel is:(a) Readily available(b) Cheap(c) Burn easily in air(d) All of these
Which is better domestic fuel?(a) \(\mathrm{CNG}\)(b) LPG(c) Wood(d) Coal
Use of in vehicle reduces pollution:(a) Petrol(b) Diesel(c) \(\mathrm{CNG}\)(d) None of these
Ideal fuel has calorific value:(a) Low(b) High(c) Moderate(d) Zero
Calorific value is measured in:(a) Kilo Joule(b) Kilograms(c) Kilo Joule per \(\mathrm{Kg}\)(d) Kilometre
Incomplete combustion gives:(a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)(c) Carbon(b) \(\mathrm{CO}\)(d) None of these
Discuss the use of fuels and their classifications.
Write a short note on Global Warming.
Give detailed classification of fuel.
Write notes of proximate and ultimate analysis of coal.
What are \(L P G\) and \(C N G\) ?
Write the various types of coals available for combustion and mention their properties.
Write short notes on major petroleum products such as diesel and kerosene.
What are the major contents of liquid fuels? Explain in detail.
Explain the properties and use of LPG, and natural gas.
What do you mean by calorific value? Explain the experimental setup to measure the calorific value of a liquid fuel.
State the advantages of gaseous fuels over solid and liquid fuels.
List various liquid fuels. State their merits over solid fuels.
Write a short-note on bio-fuels.
A \(1 \mathrm{~g}\) sample of fuel is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of water at an initial temperature of \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). After the reaction, the final temperature of the water is \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The heat capacity of the calorimeter is \(837
The radiation in the sunlight that gives us feeling of hotness is:(a) Visible radiation(b) Infra-red(c) Red(d) Ultra-violet
Which of the following is not a source of bio-mass:(a) Gobar gas(b) Coal(c) Wood(d) Nuclear energy
Which of the following is not derived from the sun:(a) Biomass(b) Fossil fuels(c) Nuclear energy(d) Geothermal energy
The substance producing a lot of heat on burning is called as:(a) Oxidizing agent(b) Biogas(c) Biomass(d) Fuel
The fuel formed under the earth's surface by the decomposition of organic matter is called:(a) Organic fuel(b) Bio gas(c) Fossil fuel(d) Underground fuel
The main constituent of LPG is:(a) Methane(b) Butane(c) Hydrogen(d) Propane
The main constituent of \(\mathrm{CNG}\) is:(a) Methane(b) Butane(c) Hydrogen(d) Propane
Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?(a) The sun(b) Natural gas(c) Wind(d) Ocean tidal energy
Which of the following is not a combustible gas?(a) Oxygen(b) Hydrogen(c) Butane(d) Methane
A solar cell converts:(a) Heat energy into electrical energy(b) Solar energy into electrical energy(c) Heat energy into light energy(d) Solar energy into light energy
The scientist who first carried out critical nuclear fission reaction is:(a) Otto Hahn(b) Enrico Fermi(c) Hans Bethe(d) Einstein
The sources of energy of the sun is:(a) Nuclear fission(b) Chemical reaction(c) Nuclear fusion(d) Photoelectric effect
The fuel used in the nuclear reactor is:(a) Cadmium(b) Radium(c) Uranium(d) Thorium
In a hydroelectric power plant, which of the following is used to produce shaft power?(a) The pressure and kinetic energy of stored water(b) Heat energy of water (c) Heat energy of flue gas (d) Nuclear energy
In a Thermal power plant, which of the following is used to produce shaft power?(a) The pressure and kinetic energy of stored water(b) Heat energy of water(c) Heat energy of flue gas(d) Nuclear energy
In a Gas power plant, which of the following is used to produce shaft power?(a) The pressure and kinetic energy of stored water(b) Heat energy of water(c) Heat energy of flue gas(d) Nuclear energy
What is prime movers? Discuss its importance in energy conversion.
Explain the concept of energy and transformation of one form to another.
What is a prime mover? Give some examples of reciprocating and rotating prime movers.
Explain the principle of working of thermal power plant.
Explain the principle of working of a gas power plant.
Explain the principle of working of the hydroelectric power plant.
Explain the principle of working of nuclear power plant.
Explain the terms used in nuclear power plant such as fuels, fissile materials, moderators, control rods, working fluids, shield, etc.
Explain the basis for classification of nuclear reactors.
Differentiate pressurized water reactor and boiling water reactor.
What do you mean by renewable and nonrenewable sources of energy?
Write short notes on solar energy, wind power energy, biomass, and geothermal energy.
Write short notes on the application of coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy.
Explain briefly the principle of conversion of solar energy directly on to electrical energy in a solar cell.
What is meant by renewable and non-renewable energy sources? Give suitable examples of each.
What is the origin of biomass energy? What are the main advantages and disadvantages of it?
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