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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering

Basic Mechanical Engineering 2nd Edition PRAVIN KUMAR - Solutions

A gas turbine works on:(a) Rankine cycle(b) Carnot cycle(c) Joule cycle(d) Erriction cycle
When working fluid in a plant doesn't come in contact with the atmospheric air, and is used again, turbine is said to work on:(a) Open cycle(b) Closed cycle(c) Semi-closed cycle(d) None of these
When the entire fluid is taken from the atmosphere and is return back to the atmosphere, the gas turbine is said to work on:(a) Open cycle(b) Closed cycle(c) Semi-closed cycle(d) None of these
Efficiency of closed cycle gas turbine as compared to open cycle gas turbine is:(a) More(b) Less(c) Same(d) None of the above
Regenerator in gas turbine:(a) Increases thermal efficiency(b) Decreases heat loss in exhaust(c) Allows use of higher compression ratio (d) All of the above
Compressors used in as turbine are:(a) Reciprocating type(b) Centrifugal type(c) Axial flow type(d) None of the above
Intercooling in gas turbine:(a) Increases thermal efficiency(b) Decreases compression work(c) Increases turbine work(d) None of the above
Reheating in as turbine:(a) Increases thermal efficiency(b) Decreases compression work(c) Increases turbine work(d) None of the above
The air-fuel ratio in gas turbine is:(a) \(15: 1\)(b) \(30: 1\)(c) \(45: 1\)(d) \(50: 1\)
The pressure ratio in gas turbine is of the order of:(a) \(2: 1\)(b) \(4: 1\)(c) \(6: 1\)(d) \(8: 1\)
The ratio of useful heat drop to isentropic heat drop is called _______.
De-Lavel turbine is normally used for _______ pressure and _______ Speed.
The pressure-velocity compounded steam turbine allows a _______ pressure drop and hence _______ number of stages are required.
In impulse-reaction turbine, the pressure drops gradually and continuously over _______ blades.
The parson's reaction turbine has _______ and _______ blades.
In reaction turbine, the degree of reaction is zero. This implies _______ heat drops in moving blades.
With a neat sketch explain the construction and working of a single stage impulse steam turbine.
What is compounding of impulse turbine? With a neat sketch explain the working of velocity compounding.
With a neat sketch explain the working of pressure-velocity compounding of impulse steam turbine.
Differentiate impulse and reaction type steam turbines.
Write short notes on: (i) Degree of reaction, (ii) Reheat factor, (iii) Diagram efficiency, and (iv) condition line.
Explain the methods of governing of the steam turbine.
Explain the working of closed cycle gas turbine.
Explain the working principle of the open cycle gas turbine.
What is a gas turbine? What are the essential components of a gas turbine plant? How it differs from a steam turbine?
What are the purposes of regeneration, intercooling and reheating in a gas turbine? Compare Rankine cycle with Carnot cycle.
Derive the equation for thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle.
Discuss the classification of turbines. Also, discuss compounding of impulse turbine.
Explain the working principle of a gas turbine on closed cycle.
List any four differences between closed cycle and open cycle gas turbines.
What are the advantages of the steam turbine over reciprocating engines?
Write the function of the following:(a) Nozzle(b) Moving blade(c) Guide blades in steam turbine
Why is gas turbine used in aviation?
Derive an expression for the air standard efficiency of a Brayton cycle in terms of pressure ratio.
State the working principle of a closed cycle gas turbine. Why is it named as constant pressure turbine?
What is compounding of an impulse turbine? State the principle of working of an open-cycle gas turbine. What are the advantages of gas turbines over Steam turbines?
In a single row impulse turbine, the blade speed is \(200 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}\), nozzle angle is \(18^{\circ}\). If the steam enters with an absolute velocity of \(300 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{sec}\). Find: (i) inlet and outlet angles of moving blade so that there is no axial thrust, (ii) power
A reaction turbine has a degree of reaction \(50 \%\) (i.e., Parson's reaction turbine) and running at \(500 \mathrm{rpm}\) develops 8 MW using \(10 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{kWh}\) of steam flow rate. The exit angle of the blades is \(18^{\circ}\) and the velocity of steam relative to the blade at
In a 4-stage turbine, steam is supplied at \(300 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{cm}^{2}\) and \(3800 \mathrm{C}\). The exhaust pressure is \(0.05 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{cm}^{2}\) and the overall turbine efficiency is 0.7 . Assuming that work is shared equally between stages and the condition line is a
The enthalpy drop in the nozzle of an impulse turbine is \(50 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\). The nozzle is inclined at 160 to the wheel tangent. The average diameter of the wheel is \(0.25 \mathrm{~m}\). Wheel runs at 11,000 rpm. Determine the blade inlet angle for sockless entry. If the blade exit
In a gas turbine plant, air is compressed from 1 bar and \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) through a pressure ratio \(6: 1\). It is then heated to \(600^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) in a combustion chamber and expanded back to atmospheric pressure of 1 bar in a turbine. Calculate the cycle efficiency and the work
Air enters the compressor of gas turbine plant operating on Brayton cycle at 1 bar and \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The pressure ratio in the cycle is 4 . Calculate the maximum temperature in the cycle and the cycle efficiency, heat rate. Assume \(\mathrm{W}_{T}=2 \mathrm{~W}_{c}\). Where
In a gas turbine cycle, the condition of air at the entrance of compressor is 1 bar and \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Pressure ratio is 6 . Maximum temperature is \(700^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The exhaust pressure of turbine is 1 bar. Assume \(100 \%\) efficiency of compressor and \(95 \%\) efficiency
\(1.5 \mathrm{~kg}\) of steam at a pressure of \(10 \mathrm{bar}\) and temperature of \(250^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is expanded until the pressure becomes 2.8 bar. The dryness fraction of steam is then 0.9. Calculate the change in internal energy. [Hint: Find the value of internal energy of steam
A closed system is one, which:(a) Permits the passage of energy and matter across boundaries(b) Does not permit the passage of energy and matter across boundaries(c) Permits the passage of energy but does not permit the passage of matter(d) Does not permit the passage of energy but permits the
An isolated system is one, which:(a) Permits the passage of energy and matter across boundaries(b) Permits passage of energy only(c) Does not permit the passage of energy and matter across boundaries(d) Permits the passage of matter only
A system comprising of single phase is known as:(a) Open system(b) Closed system(c) Homogeneous system(d) Heterogeneous system
Control volume refers to:(a) A specified mass(b) A fixed region in space(c) A closed system(d) None of the above
Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature:(a) By unit degree of a substance(b) By unit degree of a unit mass(c) Of a unit mass by 5°C(d) None of these
Internal energy of a perfect gas depends upon:(a) Temperature only(b) Temperature and pressure(c) Temperature, pressure and specific heats(d) None of these
For a closed system, the difference between the heat added to the system and work done by the gas is equal to the change in:(a) Enthalpy (b) Entropy(c) Internal energy (d) Temperature
The properties of the system, whose value for the entire system is equal to the sum of their values for individual parts of the system, are known as:(a) Thermodynamic properties(b) Extensive properties(c) Intensive properties(d) None of the above
Temperature of a system is:(a) Thermodynamic properties(b) Extensive properties(c) Intensive properties(d) None of the above
When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other:(a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics(b) First law of thermodynamics(c) Second law of thermodynamics(d) None of the above
The measurement of thermodynamic properties known as temperature is based on:(a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics(b) First law of thermodynamics(c) Second law of thermodynamics(d) None of the above
Heat and work are mutually convertible. This statement is:(a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics(b) First law of thermodynamics(c) Second law of thermodynamics(d) None of the above
Second law of thermodynamics defines:(a) Enthalpy(c) Heat (b) Entropy(d) Work
Kelvin–Planck’s law deals with:(a) Conversion of work into heat(b) Conversion of heat into work(c) Conservation of work(d) Conservation of heat
According to Kelvin–Planck’s statement, a perpetual motion machine:(a) Of first kind is possible(b) Of first kind is impossible(c) Of second kind is impossible(d) Of second kind is possible
A perpetual motion machine of the first kind, i.e., a machine which produces power without consuming any energy is:(a) Possible according to the first law of thermodynamics(b) Impossible according to first law of thermodynamics (c) Impossible according to second law of thermodynamics (d) Possible
Heat flows from cold substance to hot substance with the aid of external work. This statement is given by:(a) Kelvin (c) Gay Lussac (b) Joule(d) Clausius
Specific heat at constant volume is given by:(a) \(\frac{R}{J(\gamma-1)}\)(b) \(\frac{\gamma R}{J(\gamma-1)}\)(c) \(\frac{R(\gamma-1)}{J}\)(d) \(\frac{J(\gamma-1)}{R}\)
Specific heat at constant pressure is given by:(a) \(\frac{R}{J(\gamma-1)}\)(b) \(\frac{\gamma R}{J(\gamma-1)}\)(c) \(\frac{R(\gamma-1)}{J}\)(d) \(\frac{J(\gamma-1)}{R}\)
The condition for reversibility of a cycle is:(a) \(\oint \frac{d Q}{T}0\)(c) \(\oint \frac{d Q}{T}=0\)(d) None of the above
The condition for irreversibility of a cycle is:(a) \(\oint \frac{d Q}{T}0\)(c) \(\oint \frac{d Q}{T}=0\)(d) None of the above
If \(\oint \frac{d Q}{T}>0\), the cycle is:(a) Reversible(b) Irreversible(c) Impossible(d) None of the above
Biogas is produced under anaerobic conditions by the fermentation of biological materials. What is the main constituent of biogas?(a) Butane(b) Ethane(c) Methane(d) Propane
A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of \(2.8 \mathrm{l}\) at \(1.8 \mathrm{~atm}\). What will its volume be at \(1.2 \mathrm{~atm}\) ?(a) 1.21(b) 1.81(c) 2.21(d) 4.21
The pressure required to compress 481 of oxygen gas at \(99.3 \mathrm{kPa}\) in order to reduce its volume to 161 is:(a) \(198 \mathrm{kPa}\)(b) \(278 \mathrm{kPa}\)(c) \(298 \mathrm{kPa}\)(d) \(320 \mathrm{kPa}\)
Volume of sulphur dioxide gas at \(0.989 \mathrm{~atm}\) is \(59 \mathrm{ml}\). What will be its volume at \(0.967 \mathrm{~atm}\) ?(a) \(60.3 \mathrm{ml}\)(b) \(68 \mathrm{ml}\)(c) \(80 \mathrm{ml}\)(d) \(108 \mathrm{ml}\)
A sample of hydrogen gas at \(6.5 \mathrm{~atm}\) pressure occupies a volume of \(2.2 \mathrm{l}\). What will be its volume at \(1.15 \mathrm{~atm}\) ?(a) 101(b) 121(c) 141(d) 161
A balloon full of air has a volume of \(2.75 \mathrm{l}\) at a temperature of \(291 \mathrm{~K}\). What will be volume of the balloon at \(318 \mathrm{~K}\) ?(a) 2.101(b) 3.011(c) 3.51(d) 4.121
A sample of argon gas has a volume of \(0.43 \mathrm{ml}\) at 297 K. At what temperature will it have a volume of \(0.57 \mathrm{ml}\) ?(a) \(394 \mathrm{~K}\)(b) \(294 \mathrm{~K}\)(c) \(494 \mathrm{~K}\)(d) \(194 \mathrm{~K}\)
When the atmospheric pressure is increased on a balloon, the volume of the balloon will:(a) Increase(b) Decrease(c) Stay the same(d) None of these
When the temperature of a gas is increased in a balloon, the volume of the balloon will:(a) Increase(b) Decrease(c) Stay the same(d) None of these
When the volume of a gas is decreased, the pressure of the gas will:(a) Increase(b) Decrease(c) Stay the same(d) None of these
A balloon is filled with helium gas to a pressure of \(107 \mathrm{kPa}\) when the temperature is \(295 \mathrm{~K}\). If the temperature changes to \(318 \mathrm{~K}\), what will be the pressure of the helium in the balloon?(a) \(115 \mathrm{kPa}\)(b) \(125 \mathrm{kPa}\)(c) \(135
An isothermal process is governed by:(a) Boyle's law(b) Charle's law(c) Joule's law(d) Gay Lussac's law
When the expansion follows the law \(P V^{n}=C\), the process is:(a) Isothermal process(b) Adiabatic process(c) Polytropic process(d) Hyperbolic process
Real gas follows the relation:(a) \(P V=R T\)(b) \(P V^{n}=R T\)(c) \(P V=n R T\)(d) \((P V)^{n}=C\)
For real gas, \(C_{p}=C_{v}\), at:(a) Absolute zero(b) Critical temperature(c) Triple point(d) All temperature
The system and surrounding together constitute _________ system.
In an adiabatic process, energy can be exchanged in the form of_________ .
For an ideal gas \((d h / d T)\) is a measure of _________ at constant pressure.
Second law of thermodynamics establishes the law of_________ .
The slope of constant volume line on \(T-S\) diagram is _________ sure line. than that of constant pressure line.
The unit of entropy is_________ .
In case of free expansion enthalpy_________ .
The entropy of universe tends to be_________ .
Define: (i) property, (ii) state, (iii) system, (iv) control volume, and (v) process.
Discuss the concept of thermal equilibrium and state zeroth law of thermodynamics.
What do you understand by quasi-static process? How it is achieved?
Derive an expression for the first law of thermodynamics applied to a closed system. Define the internal energy of a system.
Define work. Show that work done \(W=P d V\).
Discuss the thermodynamic system, surrounding, and universe. Also Discuss the various types of system with suitable example.
Prove that work and heat are the path function.
Derive the expression for work done in steady flow process.
Distinguish between the term 'change of state', 'path', and 'process'.
State the zeroth law of thermodynamics and first law of thermodynamics.
Explain and derive steady flow energy equation (SFEE).

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