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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering

Basic Mechanical Engineering 2nd Edition PRAVIN KUMAR - Solutions

In reaction turbine, draft tube is used:(a) To transport water downstream without eddies(b) To convert the kinetic energy to pressure energy by a gradual expansion of the flow cross-section(c) For safety of turbine(d) To increase flow rate
Find the expression for the work done by impeller of a centrifugal pump on water per second per unit weight of water.
What is priming? Why is it required in a centrifugal pump?
For pumping viscous oil, the pump used is:(a) Centrifugal pump(b) Reciprocating pump(c) Screw pump(d) None of these
What is the reciprocating pump? Explain its working with a neat sketch.
What are the slip and coefficient of discharge?
The work requirement of a reciprocating pump with increase in acceleration head:(a) Increases(b) Decreases(c) Remains same(d) None of these
To avoid cavitation in centrifugal pumps:(a) Suction pressure should be low(b) Delivery pressure should be low(c) Suction pressure should be high(d) Delivery pressure should be high
What is air vessel? What are the functions of air vessel?
Overall efficiency of centrifugal pump is equal to:(a) Volumetric efficiency \(\times\) manometric efficiency \(\times\) mechanical efficiency(b) Volumetric efficiency/manometric efficiency \(\times\) mechanical efficiency(c) Volumetric efficiency \(\times\) manometric efficiency/mechanical
Draw indicator diagram and show acceleration head, friction head on the diagram.
The action of centrifugal pump is that of a:(a) Reaction turbine(b) Impulse turbine(c) Reverse of reaction turbine(d) None of these
In double acting reciprocating pump compared to single acting reciprocating pump will have nearly:(a) Double efficiency(b) Double head(c) Double flow(d) Double weight
Explain the working of the double acting reciprocating pump and bucket pump with a neat sketch.
What is the function of the pump? Classify the pumps. Explain with a sketch the working of the single acting reciprocating piston pump.
Specific speed of pump is:(a) \(\frac{N \sqrt{2}}{H^{3 / 4}}\)(b) \(\frac{N \sqrt{P}}{H^{5 / 4}}\)(c) \(\frac{N \sqrt{2}}{H^{2 / 3}}\)(d) \(\frac{N \sqrt{2}}{H^{3 / 2}}\)
Explain the working principle of vane pump with a neat sketch?
Power required to drive a centrifugal pump is proportional to:(a) Impeller diameter (D)(b) \(\mathrm{D}^{2}\)(c) \(\mathrm{D}^{3}\)(d) \(\mathrm{D}^{4}\)
What is the range of specific speed for Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbine?
Power required to drive a centrifugal pump is proportional to:(a) Speed (N)(b) \(\mathrm{N}^{2}\)(c) \(\mathrm{N}^{3}\)(d) \(\mathrm{N}^{4}\)
Explain how a hydraulic reaction turbine differs from a hydraulic impulse turbine.
Discuss and draw the constructional details of Pelton turbine.
With the help of neat sketch, explain the working of a Francis turbine.
Define radial flow, axial flow, and mixed flow with respect to water turbine.
Explain the principle and working of reaction turbine.
How are water turbines classified?
Sketch and explain the working of a Kaplan turbine.
A single cylinder, single acting air compressor has a cylinder diameter of \(140 \mathrm{~mm}\) and stroke of \(2800 \mathrm{~mm}\). It draws air into the cylinder at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). This air is then compressed adiabatically to a pressure of 7 bars if
What is a function of the compressor? How do you classify the compressors? Explain the various basis of classification.
The most efficient method to compress the air is:(a) Isothermal compression(b) Adiabatic compression(c) Polytropic compression(d) None of these
Explain the assumptions of working of the reciprocating compressor. Discuss the working of a reciprocating compressor with a neat sketch.
A single stage reciprocating compressor is required to compress \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of air from 1 bar to 8 bars. The initial temperature of the air is \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Calculate work for isothermal, isentropic, and Polytropic compression for \(n=1.25\).
Maximum work is done in compressing air when the compression is:(a) Isothermal compression(b) Adiabatic compression(c) Polytropic compression(d) None of these
Derive the expression of work done by the compressor in isothermal compression, adiabatic compression, and polytropic compression.
A single stage single acting air compressor has intake pressure 1 bar and delivery pressure 10 bar. The compression and expansion follow the law \(\mathrm{pV}^{1.3}=\) constant. The piston speed and rotations of the shaft are \(200 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{min}\) and \(360 \mathrm{rpm}\),
Isothermal compression efficiency can be achieved by running the compressor:(a) At a very high speed(b) At a very slow speed(c) At an average speed(d) At zero speed
Find the expression for volumetric efficiency of the reciprocating compressor.
An air compressor has eight stages of an equal pressure ratio of 1.4. The flow rate through the compressor and the overall efficiency are 40 \(\mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{sec}\) and \(92 \%\), respectively. If the air enters compressors at a pressure of 1.0 bar and temperature of 300 K. Determine: (i)
Airplane employs the following type of compressor:(a) Reciprocating compressor(b) Centrifugal compressor(c) Axial flow compressor(d) None of these
Discuss the assumptions and advantages of multistage compression.
A double acting, single cylinder, reciprocating air compressor has a piston displacement of \(0.014 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) per revolution, operates at \(600 \mathrm{rpm}\) and has a \(4 \%\) clearance. The air is received at 1 bar and delivered at 8 bars. The compression and expansion are polytropic
Explain the working of fixed vane type and multiple vane type compressors.
A single stage, the single acting compressor has a bore of \(170 \mathrm{~mm}\) and stroke of \(260 \mathrm{~mm}\). it runs at \(130 \mathrm{rpm}\). The suction pressure is 1 bar and delivery pressure is 9 bar. Find the indicated power if compression (i) follows the law pv 1.25 \(=\) constant and
The ratio of work done per cycle to the swept volume in case of compressor is called:(a) Compression ratio(b) Compressor efficiency(c) Mean effective pressure(d) None of these
Clearance volume in a cylinder should be:(a) As large as possible(b) As small as possible(c) About \(50 \%\) of swept volume(d) None of these
Explain the working principle of the centrifugal compressor.
Air enters a compressor at \(0.2 \mathrm{Mpa}\) and \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) having a volume of \(2 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{kg}\) is compressed to 1 Mpa isothermally. Calculate: (i) work down, (ii) change in I.E., and (iii) heat transferred.
Clearance volume on a reciprocating compressor is required to:(a) Accommodate valves in the cylinder head(b) Provide a cushioning effect(c) Attain high volumetric efficiency(d) Provide a cushioning effect and also to avoid mechanical bang of the piston with the cylinder head
Write short notes on surging, choking, and stalling.
The net work input required for compressor with increase in clearance volume:(a) Increases(b) Decreases(c) Remain same(d) None of these
What is compressor?
Volumetric efficiency is:(a) The ratio of stroke volume to clearance volume(b) The ratio of air actually delivered to the amount of piston displacement(c) Reciprocal of compression ratio(d) None of these
Derive an equation for work done in the case of single stage single acting reciprocating air compressor neglecting clearance.
A compressor at high altitude will draw:(a) More power(b) Less power(c) Same power(d) None of these
Why is multi-stage compression required? Write advantages of the multi-staging compression.
The machine run by prime mover and used to increase the air pressure is known as:(a) Steam turbine(b) Gas turbine(c) Compressor(d) I.C. engines
Classify the air compressor. Differentiate between reciprocating compressor and rotary compressor.
A compressor is used:(a) In a gas turbine plant(b) In supercharging I.C. Engines(c) In pneumatic drills(d) All of the above
Discuss about rotary compressors and blower?
Ratio of absolute discharge pressure to absolute inlet pressure is known as:(a) Compression ratio(b) Expansion ratio(c) Compression efficiency(d) Compressor capacity
Compressor capacity is:(a) The volume of air delivered(b) The volume of air sucked(c) Both (a) and (b)(d) None of these
In reciprocating compressor, clearance volume is provided to:(a) Increase volumetric efficiency(b) Allow space for valves and to ensure that the piston does not strike the cylinder at the end of the stroke(c) Decrease the work done(d) All of these
As the compression ratio increases, the volumetric efficiency of air compressor:(a) Increases(b) Decreases(c) Remain constant(d) None of these
The clearance volume in the compressor is kept minimum because it affects:(a) Volumetric efficiency(b) Mechanical efficiency(c) Compressor efficiency(d) Isothermal efficiency
Ratio of isothermal horsepower to the shaft horse power to drive a compressor is known as:(a) Volumetric efficiency(b) Mechanical efficiency(c) Overall isothermal efficiency(d) Adiabatic efficiency
If \(\mathrm{k}\) is the clearance ratio for a reciprocating air compressor, then volumetric efficiency will be:(a) \(1+\mathrm{k}-\mathrm{K}\left(\mathrm{P}_{2} / \mathrm{P}_{1}\right)^{\mathrm{Vn}}\)(b) \(1-\mathrm{k}+\mathrm{K}\left(\mathrm{P}_{2} / \mathrm{P}_{1}\right)^{\mathrm{Vn}}\)(c)
The optimum intermediate pressure \(P_{2}\) in a two stage air compressor having \(\mathrm{P}_{1}\) and \(\mathrm{P}_{3}\) as suction and delivery pressures respectively is equal to:(a) \(\left(\mathrm{P}_{1}+\mathrm{P}_{2}\right) / 2\)(c) \(\left(\mathrm{P}_{1}+\mathrm{P}_{2}\right)^{1 / 2}\)(b)
In multistage compression with intercooler, the compression obtained is:(a) Isothermal(b) Adiabatic(c) Polytropic(d) None of the above
Compressor in which compression is achieved by a rotating vane or impeller to give the air the desired pressure is known as:(a) Single stage compressor(b) Single acting compressor(c) Rotary compressor(d) Reciprocating compressor
In gas turbine, type of compressor used is:(a) An axial flow compressor(b) A reciprocating compressor(c) A centrifugal compressor(d) All of the above
In centrifugal compressor, at a given pressure ratio an increase in speed causes:(a) Increase in flow(b) Decrease in efficiency(c) Decrease in flow(d) Both (a) and (b)
In a centrifugal compressor, the pressure ratio can be increased by:(a) Increasing tip speed(b) Decreasing inlet temperature(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above
An axial flow compressor gives optimum performance at:(a) High speed(c) Moderate speed(b) Low speed(d) None of the above
A centrifugal compressor works on principle of conversion of _________.
A compressor at high altitude will draw _______
The ratio of outlet whirl velocity to blade velocity in case of centrifugal compressor is called __________.
For high-pressure compressors, __________ type of valve will be best suited.
The ratio of isentropic work to Euler work is known as __________.
Diffuser in compressor is used to __________.
Phenomenon of choking in compressor means __________.
Surging is the phenomenon of __________.
Stalling of blades in axial flow compressor means ___________.
The maximum pressure ratio in single stage single cylinder reciprocating compressor is __________.
Which of the following forms the basis of rigid bodies and strength of material?(a) Centroid(b) Center of gravity(c) Moment of inertia(d) Any of the above
What do you mean by centroid and center of gravity? What is the basic difference between centroid and center of gravity?
From a circular plate of diameter \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\), a circular part is cut out whose diameter is \(50 \mathrm{~mm}\) as shown in Figure 11.25. Find the centroid of the remaining part.FIGURE 11.25: 100 mm 50 mm
"The moment of inertia of a lamina about any axis in the plane lamina equal the sum of the moment of inertia about a parallel centroidal axis in the plane lamina and the product of the area of the lamina and square of the distance between the two axes".The above theorem is known as(a) Parallel axis
Find the centroid of a rod of length L, and mass M, using the first principle.
From a semi-circular lamina of radius \(r\), a circular lamina of radius \(\mathrm{r} / 2\) is removed as shown in Figure 11.26. Find the position of the centroid of the remaining part.FIGURE 11.26: r/2 r
Compute the moment of inertia of the composite area as shown in Figure 11.27 about the axis \(x x\).FIGURE 11.27: 25 mm 100 mm 75 mm 75 mm x
Centroid of a circular arc of radius \(R\) including angle \(2 \alpha\) can be given by:(a) \(\bar{X}=\frac{R \sin \alpha}{\alpha} ; \bar{Y}=0\)(b) \(\bar{X}=\frac{2 R \sin \alpha}{\alpha} ; \bar{Y}=0\)(c) \(\bar{X}=\frac{R \sin 2 \alpha}{\alpha} ; \bar{Y}=0\)(d) \(\bar{X}=\frac{R \sin 2 \alpha}{2
State the perpendicular and parallel axis theorem.
Centroid of a semicircular disc or radius \(R\) can be given as:(a) \(\bar{X}=0 ; \bar{Y}=\frac{3 R}{4 \pi}\)(b) \(\bar{X}=0 ; \bar{Y}=\frac{4 R}{3 \pi}\)(c) \(\bar{X}=\frac{4 R}{3 \pi} ; \bar{Y}=\frac{4 R}{3 \pi}\)(d) \(\bar{X}=0 ; \bar{Y}=\frac{2 R}{3 \pi}\)
Determine the moments of inertia and the radius of gyration of the section as shown in Figure 11.28 with respect to the \(x\) and \(y\)-axes.FIGURE 11.28: y 12 mm 12 mm 8 mm 24 mm 24 mm 6 mm 24 mm 24 mm 6 mm
Find the expression for the center of gravity for the hemisphere.
Centroid of a sector of a circular disc of radius \(r\) and included angle \(2 \alpha\) can be given as:(a) \(\bar{X}=\frac{3 R}{2 \alpha} \sin \alpha ; \bar{Y}=0\)(b) \(\bar{X}=\frac{2 R}{3 \alpha} \sin 2 \alpha ; \bar{Y}=0\)(c) \(\bar{X}=\frac{2 R}{3 \alpha} \sin \alpha ; \bar{Y}=0\)(d)
Find the mass moment of inertia of hemisphere about a diametral axis.
Find the moment of inertia of the shaded section about the edge \(A B\) as shown in Figure 11.29.FIGURE 11.29: R= 10 cm Semi circle D A B 20 cm 25 cm
Centroid of parabola of height \(h\) and base \(b\) \((y=k \times 2)\) can be given as:(a) \(\bar{X}=\frac{3 h}{4} ; \bar{Y}=\frac{3 h}{10}\)(b) \(\bar{X}=\frac{3 a}{4} ; \bar{Y}=\frac{3 a}{10}\)(c) \(\bar{X}=\frac{3 h}{4} ; \bar{Y}=\frac{3 a}{10}\)(d) \(\bar{X}=\frac{3 a}{4} ; \bar{Y}=\frac{3
Radius of gyration of a body can be given as:(a) \(k=\sqrt{\frac{I}{A}}\)(b) \(k=\sqrt{\frac{I}{M}}\)(c) \(k=\sqrt{\frac{A}{I}}\)(d) Both (a) and (b)

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