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business statistics

Questions and Answers of Business Statistics

How is the P-value of a hypothesis test actually determined?In problem pertain to the P-value approach to hypothesis testing.
Technically, what is a nonparametric method? In current statistical practice, how is that term used?
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test can be used to perform a hypothesis test for a population median, η, as well as for a population mean, μ. Why is that so?
In 2007, the median age of U.S. residents was 36.6 years, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Current Population Reports. A random sample of 10 U.S. residents taken this year yielded the
The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes information on average annual expenditures by consumers in Consumer Expenditures. In 2007, the mean amount spent per consumer unit on nonalcoholic beverages
The Kelley Blue Book provides information on retail and trade-in values for used cars and trucks. The retail value represents the price a dealer might charge after preparing the vehicle for sale. A
The National Center for Health Statistics reports in Vital Statistics of the United States that the median birth weight of U.S. babies was 7.4 lb in 2002. A random sample of this year€™s
According to the document “Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces” (Household Economic Studies, P70–97) by R. Kreider, the median duration of a first marriage that ended in
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the U.S. Census Form takes the average household 14 minutes to complete. To check that claim, completion times are recorded for 36 randomly selected households.
In this chapter, we presented three procedures for conducting a hypothesis test for one population mean.a. Identify the three procedures by name.b. List the assumptions for using each procedure.c.
Stays in Europe and the Mediterranean. The Bureau of Economic Analysis gathers information on the length of stay in Europe and the Mediterranean by U.S. travelers. Data are published in Survey of
Scientific Computing & Automation magazine offers free subscriptions to the scientific community. The magazine does ask, however, that a person answer six questions: primary title, type of
In a certain county, 40% of registered voters are Democrats, 32% are Republicans, and 28% are Independents. Sixty percent of the Democrats, 80% of the Republicans, and 30% of the Independents favor
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publishes selected data on AIDS in the document HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. The first two columns of the following table provide a race/ethnicity
A survey conducted by TELENATION/Market Facts, Inc., combined with information from the U.S. Census Bureau publication Current Population Reports, yielded the following table. The first two columns
The National Sporting Goods Association collects and publishes data on participation in selected sports activities. For Americans 7 years old or older, 17.4% of males and 4.5% of females play golf.
Regarding mutually exclusive and exhaustive events:a. What does it mean for four events to be exhaustive?b. What does it mean for four events to be mutually exclusive?c. Are four exhaustive events
The growth of the elderly population in the world was studied in a joint effort by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the Economics and Statistics Administration, and the U.S. Census Bureau in An Aging
A survey, issued by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Gallup Organization and published as Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, reported on deathpenalty attitudes of U.S. adults.
An article published in Science News (Vol. 157, p. 135) reported on research concerning the effects of regular Internet usage. According to the article, 36% of Americans with Internet access are
The National Center for Education Statistics publishes information on U.S. engineers and scientists in Digest of Education Statistics. According to that document, 47.1% of such people are engineers
The U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services collects and reports information about naturalized persons in Statistical Yearbook. The following table gives a joint probability distribution
From the National Football League (NFL) Web site, in the New England Patriots Roster, we obtained information on the weights and years of experience for the players on that team, as of December 3,
Refer to Exercise 4.93. A female physician in the United States whose specialty is one of those shown in the table is selected at random.a. Use the letters in the margins of the contingency table to
Characteristics of physicians are collected and recorded by the American Medical Association in Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US. The preceding table is a contingency table for
Suppose that you hold 20 out of a total of 500 tickets sold for a lottery. The grand-prize winner is determined by the random selection of one of the 500 tickets. Let G be the event that you win the
In the NCAA basketball tournament, 64 teams compete in 63 games during six rounds of single elimination bracket competition. During the “Sweet Sixteen” competition (the third round of the
The National Safety Council publishes information about automobile accidents in Accident Facts. The first two columns of the following table provide a percentage distribution of age group for drivers
The International Shark Attack File, maintained by the American Elasmobranch Society and the Florida Museum of Natural History, is a compilation of all known shark attacks around the globe from the
Radios per Household. According to the News Generation, Inc. Web site€™s Radio Facts and Figures, which has as its source Arbitron Inc., the mean number of radios per U.S. household was 5.6
The Public Citizen Health Research Group (the €œgroup€) calculated the rate of serious disciplinary actions per 1000 doctors in each state. Using state by state data from the
A nationwide New York Times/CBS News poll, conducted June 12–16, 2009, found wide support for the concept of a government-run health plan. Included in the New York Times article by K. Sack and M.
In a CNN/Opinion Research poll taken on September 19–21, 2008, 79% of 1020 respondents said they were worried that the economy could get worse if the government took no action to rescue embattled
The following explanation of USA TODAY polls and surveys was obtained from the USA TODAY Web site. Discuss the explanation in detail.
College Football Scores. On October 20, 2008, we obtained the following scores for week 8 of the college football season from the Sports Illustrated Web site, SI.com. Is this study descriptive or
Starting Salaries. The National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) compiles information on salary offers to new college graduates and publishes the results in Salary Survey.
The Music People Buy. Results of monthly telephone surveys yielded the percentage estimates of all music expenditures shown in the following table. These statistics were published in 2007 Consumer
Dow Jones Industrial Averages. The following table provides the closing values of the Dow Jones Industrial Averages as of the end of December for the years
Drug Use. The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration collects and publishes data on nonmedical drug use, by type of drug and age group, in National Survey on Drug Use and
Geography Performance Assessment. In an article titled €œTeaching and Assessing Information Literacy in a Geography Program€ (Journal of Geography, Vol. 104, No. 1, pp. 17 23),
Professional Athlete Salaries. In the Statistical Abstract of the United States, average professional athletes€™ salaries in baseball, basketball, and football were compiled and compared
Fill in the following blank: Observational studies can reveal only association, whereas designed experiments can help establish .
TV Viewing Times. The Nielsen Company collects and publishes information on the television viewing habits of Americans. Data from a sample of Americans yielded the following estimates of average TV
You want to survey students at your university concerning the hours of operation for the Student Fitness Center. You want to sample 300 students, but you need your sample to contain students from
A national retailer has tracked customers who visit its website and determined that 37% will make a purchase from the website within six months of their first website visit. Eight people who visit
Recent ratings for the popular NCIS television show indicate that 7.5% of all television households tune in to the show. The ratings also show that 9.7% of all television households tune in to The
The Employee Benefit Research Institute reports that 58% of workers say they are confident they have saved enough for retirement (“The 2015 Retirement Confidence Survey: Having a retirement savings
A large grocery store chain believes that 80% of its customers use the store’s “Savings Card” when they make purchases. The manager in charge of the “Savings Card” program has randomly
How is the shape of the binomial distribution changed for a given value of p as the sample size is increased? Discuss.
A company located in the southern part of the United States has slightly more than 2,200 employees. Of these, 35% have a college degree. Twenty employees were selected at random to potentially
If 70% of all Millennials are currently saving for retirement, calculate the probabilities of the following events from a random sample of 15 Millennials:a. Exactly 5 are saving for retirementb. More
If 80% of all business airline travelers prefer to carry on baggage rather than check it, calculate the probabilities of the following events from a random sample of 25 business travelers:a. Exactly
If 80% of all college students in the United States text during classes, calculate the probabilities of the following events from a random sample of 15 college students:a. Exactly 9 text during
A machine produces parts continuously throughout the day with an overall defect rate of 0.80%. Periodically a random sample of 50 parts is sampled, and if 3 or more are found to be defective the
A large mail sorting center finds that, on average, 0.5% of all letters have an incorrect address.a. What is the probability that in a random sample of 500 letters at the center exactly 5 letters
A Harris poll indicated that 57% of Americans prefer to watch movies at home instead of going to a theater Pamela Gocobachi, “Adults prefer staying home over going to the movies, survey says,”
An article on the BBC website states that of more than 25 billion e-mail messages monitored by the company Symantec, 46.4% were classified as junk (“Spam email levels at 12-year low,”
According to the Forbes website (www.forbes.com), in 2012, more than 32% of all U.S. employees chose to participate in an employer sponsored 401(k) retirement plan. Suppose researchers at a
According to an April 28, 2015, report on the website newsroom.aaa.com, the average cost of owning and operating a sedan automobile in the United States in 2015 was $8,968. Suppose the California AAA
An advertising agency on the West Coast formulated a media advertising campaign for an online retailer and claims that its ads received “high approval” by at least 21% of adults with incomes over
The Nielsen Company reported that 30% of Millennials (ages 21–34) order groceries online (source: “The future of grocery: E-commerce, digital technology and changing shopper preferences around
Suppose a bank that issues credit cards claims that its customers’ average annual spending per active account is $6,920. An analysis of a random sample of credit card accounts provided the data on
Delfonte€™s Restaurant is a popular Italian eatery in the Bay Area in northern California. Recently, there has been a dispute among the wait staff regarding the amount of tips waiters
Being €œconnected€ is very important to people of all ages these days. One way people stay connected is by sending text messages. Suppose a study was conducted at a major state
A fitness journal is interested in knowing whether there is a difference in percentage body fat for people who are 30 and under versus those who are over 30 years old. It is thought that the older
A survey conducted at a midwestern university and involving 1,500 students found that 68% had taken out a student loan to help pay for the cost of their college education. A similar study at a
Suppose a project was undertaken by the Department of Labor in a southern state to determine whether the most recent economic recession affected men and women differently. Assume that random
The file titled Tuition and Fees shows the in-state and out of state tuition and fees for a sample of public universities in the United States. Based on these data, develop a 90% confidence interval
A national fitness chain is considering being a representative for a weight loss program. The company has narrowed the choice of programs down to two options. Before making the selection, the company
The human resources director of a Fortune 500 company recently asked her staff to conduct a study of the airline miles traveled by executives of the company during the most recent calendar year. The
The vehicle fleet manager for a large agricultural company realizes that passenger cars get higher average mileage than pickup trucks. However, he is interested in determining whether there is a
A state income tax audit was recently conducted at a restaurant in St. Louis. The audit team selected a random sample of 100 lunch and 100 dinner sales receipts and recorded the state sales tax
Identify three situations in which organizations would be interested in limiting the standard deviation of a process.
The 2013 graduating class from St. Francis University in Pennsylvania had the highest average student debt of all U.S. college graduates: $50,275. Second on the list was The Citadel in South
Suppose staff members at the U.S. Department of Education conducted a study to determine whether there is a difference in the variation in teacher salaries between Oregon and Nebraska. The sample
Customer orders placed online at an e-retailer are filled and shipped from four different warehouses in Cleveland, Atlanta, Denver, and Sacramento. A random sample of 20 customer orders was chosen
An online undergraduate business school uses a learning management software system (LMS) that allows instructors to know how many hours students are connected to the course website. When studying for
A study commissioned by the Missouri Traffic Safety Commission was conducted to determine if the proportion of adults who have been in an auto accident in the past three years is related to the age
A concert promoter has randomly sampled 100 concertgoers to determine whether there is a linear relationship between income level and the number of concerts attended per year. The correlation between
A department store manager randomly sampled customers in her store. She recorded the number of minutes each customer spent in the store and then asked the customers how many miles they had traveled
A company that makes designer sandals has tracked the production volume over the past six months. Because of the company€™s focus on quality, some sandals need to be reworked before they
Sarin Employment helps midsized to large companies fill management and high-level technical positions. The file Sarin contains data for a sample of job placements that the company has facilitated.
Geoff Black is the owner and president of Black Manufacturing. He has a passion for process improvement and has invested in his employees over the years to help them be more productive. Recently he
A department store manager randomly sampled customers who shopped in her store. She recorded the number of minutes each customer spent in the store and then asked the customers how many miles they
The Nevada Gaming Control Board’s “Gaming Revenue Report” published on December 31, 2015, contains a wide array of data pertaining to gambling revenues in Nevada. The file titled Nevada
A golf ball maker is interested in analyzing the relationship between the club head speed that a male player achieves when he uses a driver and the distance the ball travels. The sample data are
The Billingsley Health Center offers a regimented weight loss program for its customers. The program director monitored 83 men. The file called BHC contains data on the weight they lost after six
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes data on many characteristics of the U.S. economy. The file called BLS County Data contains information on every county in the United States for which
A manager has computed the correlation between the number of hours of sick leave taken per year and the annual salary for the 200 employees in her company. The hours of sick leave range from 0 to 39,
Paul Browning owns and operates a medium size company that sells sunglasses and beachwear to retailers in the United States and Canada. He is interested in analyzing the effect of several variables
Refer to Exercise 15-8 and the data file Browning.a. Produce a regression equation that will predict the sales as a function of the other four variables.b. Determine if the overall model is
The gross state product (GSP) is the sales of all goods and services originating in a state minus the costs of any goods or services used to generate the sales. The file State GSP contains the 2015
The U.S. Energy Information Administration compiles data on the U.S. energy industry. The file titled Energy contains data on the number of megawatt-hours of electricity sold in the United States to
Discuss the logic of how the first two variables are selected in a forward stepwise regression model.
Discuss what is meant by the least squares criterion as it pertains to multiple regression analysis. Is the least squares criterion any different for simple regression analysis? Discuss.
An ABC/Washington Post poll indicates that 45% of U.S. adults favor a ban on assault weapons (source: Gary Langer, “Most now oppose an assault weapons ban; doubts about stopping a lone wolf run
Suppose the general manager for a company that produces a complicated electronics component used in the navigation systems in automobiles has stated that 69% of the items made pass through the final
The 2015 Milliman Medical Index reported on its website (www.milliman.com) that in 2015 the average annual out-of-pocket medical costs for a typical family were $4,065. A health care consumer group
The owner of an Axion health club franchise believes that the average age of her members is under 55 years. To testžthis, a random sample of 30 was selected; the following sample data are the
According to the website www.truecar.com, the average price of a new sports car sold in the United States in 2015 was $31,262. Suppose that, during the first three months of 2016, a random sample of

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