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business statistics

Questions and Answers of Business Statistics

An agricultural study is comparing the harvest volume of two types of barley. The site for the experiment is bordered by a river. The field is divided into eight plots of approximately the same size.
The following “Poll Question of the Day” appeared in a local newspaper. “With the passing of Neil Armstrong (first man to walk on the moon), many remember the historical first walk on the moon.
List the advantages and disadvantages of stratified sampling.
A study of college graduates involves three variables: income level, job satisfaction, and one-way commute times to work. List some ways the variables might be confounded.
Zamboanga, Ham, Tomaso, Audley, and Pole (2016) investigated the effectiveness of classroom activities with respect to changing students€™ perceptions and awareness of acculturation.
Dietz-Uhler and Lanter (2009) devised a four-questions technique to help students understand material presented in an introductory psychology course. At the end of the course, the students completed
Johnson and Kiviniemi (2009) designed a study to investigate the effect of online chapter quizzes on exam performance in a social psychology course. The online quizzes were completed by all students
Kowalski and Taylor (2009) observed that students in an introductory psychology course often enter the course with misconceptions and complete the course with the misconceptions intact. One example
A classic finding in psychological research is that people cannot tell when others are lying to them, yet they are very confident of their lie detection abilities. Kathryn Morris (2003) created an
Undergraduate psychology majors frequently obtain a variety of research experiences. Bowman and Waite (2003) conducted an investigation to find out if the type of research participation had an effect
Barbara Hofer and Shirley Yu (2003) assessed the impact of a Learning to Learn course on college students’ motivation and cognitive processing. Hofer and Yu wanted to find out if motivation was
Perilou Goddard (2003) designed a Writing in Psychology course to help college students learn important skills needed for the preparation of formal psychological research reports. Students were
A researcher wanted to find out if there was difference between the estimates given for a female actor’s earnings and a male actor’s earnings. The researcher hypothesized that the estimates would
A researcher wanted to find out if there was difference between older movie goers and younger movie goers with respect to their estimates of a successful actor€™s income. The researcher
Calculate and interpret the odds ratio for the data presented in the table in Exercise 2.Data from exercise 2 Treatment Outcome Drug Placebo 41 30 Improvement No Change 52 13
In a 2014 Pew Research survey of adults in the U.S., respondents were asked whether or not they believed in God or a universal spirit and how certain they were of their belief. The results are
The ANOVA summary table for the Exercise 3 data is presented below. Refer to this information and to the Exercise 3 information to answer the questions. Evaluate statistical significance with alpha
The researchers mentioned in Exercise 2 measured the participants€™ memory for picture content with a recall test. The recall test scores are shown in the table below. Use this information
A researcher is investigating the effects of cognitive style and picture color on memory for picture content. Cognitive style has two levels: Analytical and Global. Picture color also has two levels:
Several 2 Ã— 2 tables of means are presented below. Assuming that any mean differences are statistically significant, identify the main effect(s) and/or interaction that are depicted in
For each of the following situations, calculate the t ratio for a single population correlation coefficient. Identify the critical t value in Table B, and indicate whether the correlation coefficient
Each of the following studies requires a t test for one or more population means. Specify whether the appropriate t test is for one sample, two independent samples, or two related samples, and in the
Construct 95% confidence intervals for the following situations. Use the critical t values for a two-tailed test to construct these confidence intervals.1. D̅ = 4.25, Estimated standard error =
Larsen and Kozar (2005) investigated the effectiveness of a computer administered alcohol education program for college students who had been disciplined for alcohol abuse on campus. The participants
Present the null and alternative hypotheses for the following situations. Use µD in the hypotheses. For each situation, assume that the researcher will be carrying out a one-tailed test. Also assume
Indicate whether each of the following studies involves two independent samples or two related samples, and in the latter case, indicate whether the study involves repeated measures of the same
Juvonen, Wang, and Espinoza (2013) investigated social prominence, physical aggression, and spreading rumors among adolescents at three time points. The outcome measures were based on peer
McConnell, Brown, Shoda, Stayton, and Martin (2011) carried out an investigation of the well-being benefits of pets for everyday people. In Study 1, they addressed the question: Do pet owners enjoy
Sherman, Haidt, and Coan (2009) were interested in the behavioral carefulness that is needed when caring for a small, delicate child. In a research study, they addressed the question of whether or
Mounsey, Vandehey, and Diekhoff (2013) investigated anxiety of working and non-working university students. The researchers found that the working students reported more anxiety symptoms on the Beck
In Exercise 3, you worked with summary data from a study conducted by Willoughby, Porter, Belsito, and Yearsley (1999). Here€™s more summary information from that study for students in the
Select the approximate p-value for each of the following test results:a. p > .05b. p < .05c. p < .01d. p < .0011. One-tailed test, lower tail critical; df = 18; t = -1.8572. Two-tailed
Five exact p-values are shown below.1. p = 0.5340112. p = 0.3529993. p = 0.0002234. p = 0.0053995. p = 0.081196Select the approximate p-value that would most accurately describe each of these exact
As your textbook indicates, computer software frequently provides the p-value associated with a specified t test value. Microsoft Excel was used to obtain the one-tailed and two-tailed p-values shown
Willoughby, Porter, Belsito, and Yearsley (1999) investigated the effectiveness of special study strategies among elementary school children for the task of learning factual information about
Using Table B in Appendix C of your textbook, find the critical t values for each of the following hypothesis tests:1. One-tailed test, lower tail critical; Î± = .01 , n1 = 15; n2 = 152.
Identifying the treatment group with µ1, specify both the null and alternative hypotheses for each of the following studies. Assume that the data from all these studies will be analyzed with
Researchers have noted that pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share some similarities such as being unable to delay or withhold repetitive behaviors. Accordingly, Durdle,
Steenbergen-Hu and Cooper (2013) also examined the effects of ITS for students in elementary school, middle school and high school (see Exercise 14). The results are shown below.Elementary school
In their meta-analysis of the effects of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) on students’ mathematical learning, Steenbergen-Hu and Cooper (2013) examined results in many different categories such
In a 2016 survey, Americans were asked to name their favorite actor. The most often mentioned living actors are shown below along with their ages in 2016. (John Wayne was number 4 in the list, but we
1. Calculate the mean, standard deviation, and standard error of the mean for the following data which represent average number of paid vacation days given in a year to employees from 12 different
1. Compute the estimated standard error of the mean for the following situations.a. s = 10, n = 25b. s = 10, n = 100c. s = 48, n = 25d. s = 48, n = 1002. Look at your answers to problem 1 and present
Compute degrees of freedom for the t test for one sample for the following sample sizes.1. n = 252. n = 803. n = 1004. n = 250
Use Table B in your textbook to find the critical t values for the following hypothesis tests:1. One-tailed test, upper tail critical, Î± = .01, df = 152. Two-tailed test ,
1. A Harris poll conducted in August 2014 asked respondents to indicate the prestige they associated with a number of different professions. The top choice was the profession of doctor. The results
The 2014-15 Consumer Expenditure Survey for the Baltimore Metropolitan area provided information on average annual expenditures. Use a sample size of 100 for each of the following problems.a. Mean
The 2016 American Wedding Study provides information related to weddings in the United States. Assume that the results are based on a sample of 3,600 brides. Calculate the standard error and
For each of the following situations, indicate whether H0 should be retained or rejected.a. z = -1.92, two-tailed test, α = .05b. z = -1.92, one-tailed test, lower tail critical, α = .05c. z =
1. A researcher sets alpha equal to .05 for a two-tailed test and estimates that statistical power is equal to .80. For this research situation:a. The type I error probability is equal to ___.b. The
You are concerned with how well college-educated women in Wisconsin cope with divorce. You have reason to believe that they cope better than the general population. You sample 100 female
Each of the following statements indicates that the researcher will be using a one-tailed test. Specify the null and alternative for each situation.a. The national average on a test of aggressiveness
For each of the following situations, indicate whether the researcher has made a type I error, a type II error, or the correct decision.a. The researcher rejected the null hypothesis when, in fact,
Last year, the average cost for upscale kitchen remodeling in an exclusive suburb of Chicago was $68,900, with a standard deviation of $15,800. A researcher wishes to find out if the $68,900 average
For each of the following situations, indicate whether H0 should be retained or rejected and justify your answer by specifying the precise relationship between observed and critical z scores. Should
The national norms for youth fitness tests are available on a website, http://www.exrx.net/Testing/YouthNorms.html. Let’s say that a physical education teacher wants to test null hypotheses related
Calculate the value of the z test for each of the following situations:a. µhyp = 100; σ = 16; n = 25; X̅ = 94b. µhyp = 100; σ = 15; n = 9; X̅ = 108c. µhyp = 150; σ = 20; n = 81; X̅ = 130d.
a. A population has a mean µ = 50 and a standard deviation σ = 10. If Jane generates all possible samples of size 25 from this population, the mean of the sampling distribution will equal __
1. Calculate the standard error of the mean for the following combinations of population standard deviation and sample size.a. σ = 10, n = 9b. σ = 10, n = 25c. σ = 10, n = 100d. σ = 10, n = 2252.
Imagine a very simple population consisting of only four observations: 1, 3, 5, and 7.a. List all possible samples of size two.b. Calculate the mean of each sample.c. Calculate the probability of
Between January 2000 and August 2013, there were 667 arrests of National Football League (NFL) players as reported by Union-Tribune News of San Diego. The table below presents the actual number of
In a university class, 30 students are psychology majors, 40 are sociology majors, 28 are psychobiology majors, and 2 are home economics majors. Each major has equal numbers of males and females.
A professor has a weekly lecture class with a total of 72 students. The class has an equal number of men and women. The professor asks the teaching assistant to select students at random to
Hayhoe, Leach, Turner, Bruin, and Lawrence (2000) investigated differences between men and women college students with respect to their credit card use. Research participants completed a
Referring to the standard normal table (Table A, Appendix C), find the probability that a randomly selected z score will bea. Below -1.96b. Above 2.58c. Between -2.58 and 2.58 Table A PROPORTIONS (OF
A small college reports that 55% of the student athletes on its campus are females. The college also says that 32% of its athletes are on a basketball team and 23% of its athletes are tennis
Tom has applied to the graduate programs of two universities: University A and University B. Let’s say that probability that Tom will be accepted at University A is .60 and the probability that Tom
The weight distribution of the 2016 Atlanta Falcons team members is shown below.Lbs. ............................................................. Frequency320-339
The second and third lines from Table H Random Numbers are shown below. Use these numbers to complete the random assignment of 18 subjects to three different experimental treatment conditions: 1, 2,
Dr. Sue Rogers needs four participants for a psychological experiment. She plans to randomly select four persons from the group shown below. Indicate whether each of the following statements is True
Which of the following would be considered hypothetical populations?a. Persons who received a flu shot at a local hospital last Octoberb. Married couples who will still be married to each other in
Gallup’s annual poll of Consumption Habits asked U.S. adults who drink alcohol to identify their preferred beverage. The 2013 poll found that, among U.S. adults 18 29 years of age, 41% preferred
For each of the following pairs, indicate with a Yes or No whether the relationship between the first and second expressions could describe that between a sample and its population, respectively.a.
The standard error of prediction equals the standard deviation for Y when the relationship between X and Y is _____.a. Negativeb. Positivec. Nonexistentd. Strong
You are told that a researcher calculated the following least squares prediction equation for a set of data: Y' = .008(X) + .92. The coefficient of X (i.e., .008) tells us that the correlation
The scatterplot shown below displays the 2013 Minnesota State Fair daily attendance (Y) and the daily high temperature (X) for each of the 12 days of the fair.a. For these data, r2 equals .38.
You are given the following information for the data displayed in the scatterplot in Exercise 7.Least squares prediction equation: Y' = .70(X) +11.80SSy = 826.23SSy|x = 68.04Using this information,
You are given the following information for the data displayed in the scatterplot in Exercise 5.Least squares prediction equation: Y' = .34(X) €“ .56SSy = 826.23SSy|x = 145.44Using this
A researcher was interested in predicting the arm circumference of females. In the scatterplot shown below, the females€™ arm circumference is predicted from their waist measurement.In this
Scatterplots for three sets of data are shown below. For which of these data sets would the least squares regression procedure be appropriate? Explain your answer. Scatterplot A 20 18 16 14 12 > 10 4
Berry and Worthington (2001) carried out research to identify predictors of stress for undergraduates involved in a relationship. They investigated several predictor variables and utilized advanced
It has been suggested by researchers (e.g., Crosnoe, 2006) that academic performance can be used to predict alcohol consumption among high school students. Assume that an r of €“.54
It has been suggested by researchers (e.g., Nathanson, Paulhus, & Williams, 2005) that personality variables can be used to predict cheating among college students. Let€™s say that the
Swanson, SÃ¡ez, Gerber, and Leafstedt (2004) investigated cognitive functioning among bilingual children. The matrix shown below displays correlations among some of their cognitive
The table below displays running times and ages of individuals who participated in a 5-mile run. Calculate a value of r, using the computation formula.Time (in minutes)
Each table shown below presents z scores on an x variable and on a y variable. Select the r value that best expresses the relationship between x and y.Table 1z score - X
Select the r value that matches each verbal description.1. Taller men tend to weigh more than shorter men.a. r = .45b. r = .00c. r = -.452. Older adults tend to score lower on memory tests than
The scatterplot shown below depicts the scores obtained by seven individuals on tests of anxiety and self esteem.a. The individual who scored 20 on anxiety scored ___ on self esteem.b. The individual
Indicate whether the following statements indicate a positive or negative relationship.a. Duncan, Hoekstra, and Wilcox (2012) found that college students who used their cell phones more during
After transforming each of the raw scores below into a z score, transform each z score into a standard score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Standard Raw Mean Deviation Exam Score
To calculate grades in her statistics course, Professor Clark converted the raw scores on all four exams to z scores. Each student€™s final course grade was then based on his or her highest
Megan is working with a distribution of reaction times that is positively skewed. Megan transforms the reaction times to z scores.1. Will the distribution of these z scores have an approximately
Assume that GRE Verbal scores approximate a normal curve with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.1. A university admissions office has decided to admit only those applicants who score in
The Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude include 10 subtests (e.g., Story Construction, Word Sequences, and Story Sequences). The subtest standardized scores have a mean of 10 and a standard deviation
1. The average distance in kilometers from a school in Chicago to the closest fast food restaurant is 0.60 with a standard deviation of 0.45.Express each of the following distances as a z score:a. A
Using Table A in Appendix C, find the proportion of the total area identified in the following statements: 1. Above a z score of 1.502. Below a z score of 1.503. Between the mean and a z score
The figures in the table come from the Monthly Sales for Retail Trade and Food Services report for 2015. The table displays the monthly sales in 2015 for book stores, household appliance stores,
The table shown below comes from a study reported by Larry Bartels (2004), a political scientist. The table displays the mean and standard deviation (shown in parentheses) of annual real income
Dr. Felicity Bark carried out a research study to see if female and male dog owners differed with respect to the time that they spent talking to their dogs. She randomly selected 15 female dog owners
Brett Favre was a quarterback for the Green Bay Packers football team from 1992 through 2007. The table below displays his passing touchdowns and interceptions while he played for the Packers.1.

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