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mathematics
statistics behavioral sciences

Questions and Answers of Statistics Behavioral Sciences

What level of confidence is associated with a two-tailed hypothesis test at a .05 level of significance?
What are the degrees of freedom for the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Friedman test?
Which non-parametric test can be used as an alternative to both the one-sample t test and the related-samples t test?
How many factors are observed using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test?
A chi-square test is used when we compare frequencies for data on what scale of measurement?
Chen, Dai, and Dong (2008) measured the relationship between scores on a revised version of the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API) and actual procrastination among college students. Higher scores
Does residual variation describe variation related to or not related to changes in X?
Define the following terms:a. Slopeb. y-intercept
Danitz, Suvak, and Orsillo (2016) examined the association between change in acceptance, mindfulness practice, and academic values on other outcomes in a first-year undergraduate experience course
A researcher records data to analyze the correlation between scores on two surveys that are supposed to measure the same construct. Using the hypothetical data given in the following table, compute
A researcher measures the relationship between the number of interruptions during a class and time spent €œon task€ (in minutes). Answer the following questions based on the
Name the correlation coefficient used for ordinal data.
Otterbring (2016) tested an individual’s intuitions regarding how restricting versus encouraging touching a product during an in-store product demonstration should influence the number of products
Evidence suggests that those with an optimistic world view tend to be happier than those with a pessimistic world view. One potential explanation for this is that optimists tend to ignore negative
In an effort to promote a new product, a marketing firm asks participants to rate the effectiveness of ads that varied by length (short, long) and by type of technology (static, interactive). Higher
For each of the following, state whether F = 0 for a main effect, the A × B interaction, or both.a. Cell means are equal.b. Row totals are equal.c. Column totals are equal.
An educator evaluates the effects of small, medium, and large class sizes on academic performance among male and female students. Identify each factor and the levels of each factor in this example.
Which effect (main effect or interaction) is unique to the factorial design, compared to the one-way ANOVA designs?
Explain why the critical value can be different for each hypothesis test computed using the two-way between-subjects ANOVA.
Rouder, Morey, Verhagen, Swagman, and Wagenmakers (2016) evaluated the nature of various ANOVA designs. In their analysis they stated, If a factor is manipulated in a [A] manner, then each
Researchers in mental health fields are often interested in evaluating the effectiveness of using food images to enhance positive mood. Adapting a typical design from such studies, suppose we have
A within-subjects ANOVA is computed when the same or different participants are observed in each group?
Peng and Chen (2014) evaluated effect size estimates for various tests. In their paper, they stated that “The [two] popular effect size indices were found to be . . . Cohen’s d, and η2”. Which
An educator wants to evaluate four different methods aimed at reducing the time children spend €œoff task€ in the classroom. To test these methods, she implements one method in
A researcher records the following data for each of three groups. What is the value of the F statistic? Explain your answer. Group B Group A Group C 12 4 12 8.
How many factors are observed in a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?
Researchers report a 95% CI = 1.56 to 5.77. What would the decision be for a hypothesis test if the null hypothesis were:a. µ = 1.6?b. µ = 3?c. µ = 6?
What type of estimation uses a sample mean to estimate a population mean?
Son and Lee (2015) used a “within-subjects repeated measures design” (p. 2277) to evaluate the effect of the amount of rice carbohydrates consumed during mealtime on blood pressure in older
Is the related-samples t test computed differently for a repeated measures design and a matched-pairs design? Explain.
How are related samples different from independent samples?
Rietveld and van Hout (2015) explained that skewness is an important feature of the data as it relates to “assumptions of t tests”. Which assumption does skewness relate to? Explain.
What measure of effect size is most often reported with the t test?
What test is used as an alternative to the z test when the population variance is unknown?
How does our estimate of the population variance change as the sample size increases? Explain.
Toll, Kroesbergen, and Van Luit (2016) tested their hypothesis regarding real math difficulties among children. In their study, the authors concluded: “Our hypothesis [regarding math difficulties]
Landry (2015) stated, “[Scaled] data can be validly treated as interval” (p. 1348). Explain why data on a rating scale are often treated as interval scale data in the behavioral sciences.
The standard error is the standard deviation for what type of distribution?
Yang and Montgomery (2013) studied how teachers and prospective teachers perceive diversity in an educational environment. In their study, participants responded with their level of agreement to many
Ruxton, Wilkinson, and Neuhäuser (2015) stated that “researchers will frequently be required to consider whether a sample of data appears to have been drawn from a normal distribution”. Based on
A normal distribution has a standard deviation equal to 10. What is the mean of this normal distribution if the probability of scoring below x = 10 is .5000?
A normal distribution has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of -1.0. Is this possible? Explain.
What type of distribution is most commonly applied to behavioral research?
The normal distribution is symmetrical. What does this mean?
The following is an incomplete probability distribution for a given random variable, x. What is the probability for the blank cell? 3 х 21 p(x) 28 32 3. 2.
A psychologist states that there is a 5% chance (p = .05) that his decision will be wrong. Assuming complementary outcomes, what is the probability that his decision will be correct?
The probability that a particular treatment will be effective is p = .31. The probability that a particular treatment will not be effective is q = .69.1. What type of relationship do these
Conscientious responders. Marjanovic, Holden, Struthers, Cribbie, and Greenglass (2015) tested an index to discriminate between conscientious and random responders to surveys. As part of their study,
A school administrator has students rate the quality of their education on a scale from 1 (poor) to 7 (exceptional). She claims that 99.7% of students rated the quality of their education between 3.5
An expert reviews a sample of 10 scientific articles (n = 10) and records the following number of errors in each article: 2, 9, 2, 8, 2, 3, 1, 0, 5, and 7. Compute the SS, variance, and standard
A researcher measures the time (in seconds) it takes a sample of five participants to complete a memory task. It takes four of the participants 5, 6, 6, and 7 seconds. If M = 7, then what must be the
You read a claim that variability is negative. Is this possible? Explain.
The convenience of eating. Privitera and Zuraikat (2014) conducted a study to test whether the proximity of food influences consumption. They placed a bowl of popcorn or apple slices in a container
Based on the scale of measurement for each variable listed below, which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for describing the data?1. The distance in miles that a group of athletes run
Which type of central tendency is always located at the center or in the middle of a distribution?
Perceptions of same-sex marriage. In June 2016, a CBS News poll asked a sample of adults worldwide whether it should be legal or not legal for same-sex couples to marry (reported at
Women serving in the armed forces. In February 2016, a CNN poll asked a sample of 1,001 adults nationwide if they think women in the armed services should get combat assignments on the same terms as
Using the data given in Question 31, what is the percentile point for the 50th percentile for the college readiness assessment data in a population-based study with college students?Data From Problem
Below is the number of times a commercial was shown displaying high fat, high sugar foods during children’s programming over each of 20 days.21, 8, 11, 9, 12, 10, 10, 5, 9, 18, 17, 3, 6, 14, 18,
Describing the scales of measurement. Landry (2015) stated, “[Scaled] data can be validly treated as interval”. Explain why data on a rating scale are often treated as interval scale data in the
What is the difference between data and a raw score?
Distinguish between descriptive and inferential statistics.

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