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physics
college physics a strategic approach 2nd

College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd Edition Randall D. Knight, Brian Jones, Stuart Field - Solutions

A man rides a bike along a straight road for 5 min, then has a flat tire. He stops for 5 min to repair the flat, but then realizes he cannot fix it. He continues his journey by walking the rest of the way, which takes him another 10 min. Use the particle model to draw a motion diagram of the man
A jogger running east at a steady pace suddenly develops a cramp. He is lucky: A westbound bus is sitting at a bus stop just ahead. He gets on the bus and enjoys a quick ride home. Use the particle model to draw a motion diagram of the jogger for the entire motion described here. Number the dots in
A ball is dropped from the roof of a tall building and students in a physics class are as ked to sketch a motion diagram for this situation. A student submits the diagram shown in Figure Q1.4. Is the diagram correct? Explain. FIGURE Q1.4 .0 1 2 34
Figure P1.4 shows Sue between her home and the cinema. What is Sue's position x if.a. Her home is the origin? b. The cinema is the origin? FIGURE P1.4 Home 2 mi Sue 3 mi Cinema
Write a sentence or two describing the difference between position and displacement. Give one example of each.
Keira starts at position x = 23 m along a coordinate axis. She then undergoes a displacement of -45 m. What is her final position?
Give an example of a trip you might take in your car for which the distance traveled as measured on your car's odometer is not equal to the displacement between your initial and final positions.
A car travels along a straight east-west road. A coordinate system is established on the road, with x increasing to the east. The car ends up 14 mi west of the intersection with Mulberry Road. If its displacement was -23 mi, how far from and on which side of Mulberry Road did it start?
Write a sentence or two describing the difference between speed and velocity. Give one example of each.
Foraging bees often move in straight lines away from and toward their hives. Suppose a bee starts at its hive and flies 500 m due east, then flies 400 m west, then 700 m east. How far is the bee from the hive?
The motion of a skateboard along a horizontal axis is observed for 5 s. The initial position of the skateboard is negative with respect to a chosen origin, and its velocity throughout the 5 s is also negative. At the end of the observation time, is the skateboard closer to or farther from the
A security guard walks 110 m in one trip around the perimeter of the building. It takes him 240 s to make this trip. What is his speed?
Can the velocity of an object be positive during a time interval in which its position is always negative? Can its velocity be positive during a time interval in which its displacement is negative?
List the following items in order of decreasing speed, from greatest to least:(i) A wind-up toy car that moves 0.15 m in 2.5 s. (ii) A soccer ball that rolls 2.3 m in 0.55 s. (iii) A bicycle that travels 0.60 m in 0.075 s. (iv) A cat that runs 8.0 m in 2.0 s.
Two Friends watch a jogger complete a 400 m lap around the track in 100 s. One of the friends states, "The jogger's velocity was 4 m/s during this lap." The second friend objects, saying, "No, the jogger's speed was 4 m/s." Who is correct? Justify your answer.
Figure P1.10 shows the motion diagram for a horse galloping in one direction along a straight path. Not every dot is labeled, but the dots are at equally spaced instants of time. What is the horse's velocity.a. During the first ten seconds of its gallop? b. During the interval from 30 s to 40
It takes Harry 35 s to walk from x = -12 m to x = -47 m. What is his velocity?
A dog trots from x = -12 m to x = 3 m in 10 s. What is its velocity?
A child is sledding on a smooth, level patch of snow. She encounters a rocky patch and slows to a stop. Draw a motion diagram, using the particle model, showing her velocity vectors.
A ball rolling along a straight line with velocity 0.35 m/s goes from x = 2.1 m to x = 7.3 m. How much time does this take?
A skydiver jumps out of an airplane. Her speed steadily increases until she deploys her parachute, at which point her speed quickly decreases. She subsequently falls to earth at a constant rate, stopping when she lands on the ground. Draw a motion diagram, using the particle model, that shows her
Convert the following to SI units: a. 9.12 μs b. 3.42 km c. 44 cm/ms d. 80 km/hour
A car is driving north at a steady speed. It makes a gradual 90° left turn without losing speed, then continues driving to the west. Draw a motion diagram, using the particle model, showing the car's velocity vectors as seen from a helicopter hovering over the highway.
Convert the following to SI units: a. 1.0 hour b. 1.0 day c. 1.0 year.
A toy car rolls down a ramp, then across a smooth, horizontal floor. Draw a motion diagram, using the particle model. showing the car's velocity vectors.
List the following three speeds in order, from smallest to largest: 1 mm per μs, 1 km per ks, 1 cm per ms.
Estimate the average speed with which you go from home to campus (or another trip you commonly make) via whatever mode of transportation you use most commonly. Give your answer in both mph and m/s. Describe how you arrived at this estimate.
Estimate the number of times you sneezed during the past year. Describe how you arrived at this estimate.
How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have?a. 6.21 b. 62.1 c. 0.620 d. 0.062
How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have? a. 0.621 b. 0.006200 c. 1.0621d. 6.21 x 103
A student walks 1.0 mi west and then 1.0 mi north. Afterward, how far is she from her starting point? A. 1.0 mi C. 1.6 mi B. 1.4 mi D. 2.0 mi
What is the minimum down-ward force on the box in Figure P5.30 that will keep it from slipping? The coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the box and the floor are 0.35 and 0.25, respectively. TEL F 30 kg FIGURE P5.30 125 N
A football player at practice pushes a 60 kg blocking sled across the field at a constant speed. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the grass and the sled is 0.30. How much force must he apply to the sled? A. 18 N B. 60 N C. 180 N D. 600 N
Two football players are pushing a 60 kg blocking sled across the field at a constant speed of 2.0 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the grass and the sled is 0.30. Once they stop pushing, how far will the sled slide before coming to rest?A. 0.20 m B. 0.68 m C. 1.0 m D. 6.6 m
Land Rover ads used to claim that their vehicles could climb a slope of 45°. For this to be possible, what must be the mini- mum coefficient of static friction between the vehicle's tires and the road? A. 0.5 B. 0.7 C. 0.9 D. 1.0
A 22-cm-diameter bowling ball has a terminal speed of 77 m/s. What is the ball's mass?
A truck is traveling at 30 m/s on a slippery road. The driver slams on the brakes and the truck starts to skid. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires and the road is 0.20, how far will the truck skid before stopping? A. 230 m B. 300 m C. 450 m D. 680 m
Each of 100 identical blocks sitting on a frictionless surface is connected to the next block by a massless string. The first block is pulled with a force of 100 N.a. What is the tension in the string connecting block 100 to block 99? b. What is the tension in the string connecting block 50 to
Figure P5.44 shows the net force acting on a 2.0 kg object as it moves along the x-axis. The object is at rest at the origin at t=0 s. What are its acceleration and velocity at t = 6.0 s? F, (N) 4 2 0 FIGURE P5.44 4 -t (s)
Dana has a sports medal suspended by a long ribbon from her rearview mirror. As she accelerates onto the highway, she notices that the medal is hanging at an angle of 10° from the vertical. a. Does the medal lean toward or away from the windshield? Explain. b. What is her acceleration?
A 23 kg child goes down a straight slide inclined 38 above horizontal. The child is acted on by his weight, the normal force from the slide, kinetic friction, and a horizontal rope exerting a 30 N force as shown in Figure P5.54. How large is the normal force of the slide on the child? FIGURE
You've always wondered about the acceleration of the elevators in the 101-story-tall Empire State Building. One day, while visiting New York, you take your bathroom scales into the elevator and stand on them. The scales read 150 lb as the door closes. The reading varies between 120 lb and 170 lb as
Josh starts his sled at the top of a 3.0-m-high hill that has a constant slope of 25°. After reaching the bottom, he slides across a horizontal patch of snow. The hill is frictionless, but the coefficient of kinetic friction between his sled and the snow is 0.05. How far from the base of the hill
A wood block, after being given a starting push, slides down a wood ramp at a constant speed. What is the angle of the ramp above horizontal?
A 77 kg sprinter is running the 100 m dash. At one instant, early in the race, his acceleration is 4.7 m/s2. a. What total force does the track surface exert on the sprinter? Assume his acceleration is parallel to the ground. Give your answer as a magnitude and an angle with respect to the
Sam, whose mass is 75 kg, takes off across level snow on his jet-powered skis. The skis have a thrust of 200 N and a coefficient of kinetic friction on snow of 0.10. Unfortunately, the skis run out of fuel after only 10 s. a. What is Sam's top speed? b. How far has Sam traveled when he finally
Two blocks are at rest on a frictionless incline, as shown in Figure P5.65. What are the tensions in the two strings? 5.0 kg 20⁰ FIGURE P5.65 3.0 kg 2
The fastest recorded skydive was by an Air Force officer who jumped from a helium balloon at an elevation of 103,000 ft, three times higher than airliners fly. Because the density of air is so low at these altitudes, he reached a speed of 614 mph at an elevation of 90,000 ft, then gradually slowed
Two blocks are connected by a string as in Figure P5.70. What is the upper block's acceleration if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the table is 0.20? 2.0 kg Pulley FIGURE P5.70 1.0 kg
A 2.7 g Ping-Pong ball has a diameter of 4.0 cm. a. The ball is shot straight up at twice its terminal speed. What is its initial acceleration? b. The ball is shot straight down at twice its terminal speed. What is its initial acceleration?
The 10 kg block in Figure P5.71 slides down a frictionless ramp. What is its acceleration? 10 kg 40° FIGURE P5.71 5.0 kg
A 2.0 kg wood block is pulled along a wood floor at a steady speed. A second wood block, with mass 3.0 kg, is attached to the first by a horizontal string. What is the magnitude of the force pulling on the first block?
A magician pulls a tablecloth out from under some dishes. How far do the dishes move during the 0.25 s it takes to pull out the tablecloth? The coefficient of kinetic friction between the cloth and the dishes is μk = 0.12.
A curler pushes a stone to a speed of 3.0 m/s over a time of 2.0 s. Ignoring the force of friction, how much force must the curler apply to the stone to bring it up to speed? A. 3.0 N.B. 15 N C. 30 N D. 150 N
The sweepers in a curling competition adjust the trajectory of the stone by.A. Decreasing the coefficient of friction between the stone and the ice. B. Increasing the coefficient of friction between the stone and the ice. C. Changing friction from kinetic to static. D. Changing friction from
Suppose the stone is launched with a speed of 3 m/s and travels 40 m before coming to rest. What is the approximate magnitude of the friction force on the stone? A. ON B. 2N C. 20 N D. 200 N
Suppose the stone's mass is increased to 40 kg, but it is launched at the same 3 m/s. Which one of the following is true? A. The stone would now travel a longer distance before coming to rest. B. The stone would now travel a shorter distance before coming to rest. C. The coefficient of friction
What is the angular position in radians of the minute hand of a clock at. (a) 5:00, (b) 7:15,(c) 3:35?
The batter in a baseball game hits a home run. As he circles the bases, is his angular velocity positive or negative?
A child on a merry-go-round takes 3.0 s to go around once. What is his angular displacement during a 1.0 s time interval?
Viewed from somewhere in space above the north pole, would a point on the earth's equator have a positive or negative angular velocity due to the earth's rotation?
What is the angular speed of the tip of the minute hand on a clock, in rad/s?
A cyclist goes around a level, circular track at constant speed. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Since the cyclist's speed is constant, her acceleration is zero." Explain.
An old-fashioned vinyl record rotates on a turntable at 45 rpm. What are (a) the angular speed in rad/s and (b) the period of the motion?
A particle moving along a straight line can have nonzero acceleration even when its speed is zero (for instance, a ball in free fall at the top of its path). Can a particle moving in a circle have nonzero centripetal acceleration when its speed is zero? If so, give an example. If not, why not?
A Ferris wheel rotates at an angular velocity of 0.036 rad/s. At t = 0 min, your friend Seth is at the very top of the ride. What is Seth's angular position at t = 3.0 min, measured counterclockwise from the top? Give your answer as an angle in degrees between 0° and 360°.
Would having four-wheel drive on a car make it possible to drive faster around corners on an icy road, without slipping, than the same car with two-wheel drive? Explain.
A turntable rotates counterclockwise at 78 rpm. A speck of dust on the turntable is at 0 = 0.45 rad at t = 0 s. What is the angle of the speck at 1 = 8.0 s? Your answer should be between 0 and 2π rad.
Large birds like pheasants often walk short distances. Small birds like chickadees never walk. They either hop or fly. Why might this be?
A fast-moving superhero in a comic book runs around a circular, 70-m-diameter track five and a half times (ending up directly opposite her starting point) in 3.0 s. What is her angular speed, in rad/s?
Figure P6.9 shows the angular position of a potter's wheel.a. What is the angular displacement of the wheel between t = 5 s and t = 15 s?b. What is the angular velocity of the wheel at t = 15 s? FIGURE P6.9 0 (rad) 150 100 50 0 0 Ur. 5 10 15 20 -1 (s)
When you drive fast on the highway with muddy tires, you can hear the mud flying off the tires into your wheel wells. Why does the mud fly off?
A ball on a string moves in a vertical circle as in Figure Q6.9. When the ball is at its lowest point, is the tension in the string greater than, less than, or equal to the ball's weight? Explain. (You may want to include a free-body diagram as part of your explanation.) FIGURE Q6.9
The angular velocity (in rpm) of the blade of a blender is given in Figure P6.10.a. If θ = 0 rad at t = 0 s, what is the blade's angular position at t = 20 s? b. At what time has the blade completed 10 full revolutions? FIGURE P6.10 w (rpm) 250 200 150 100 50 0 10 15 20 -1 (s)
Give an everyday example of circular motion for which the centripetal acceleration is mostly or completely due to a force of the type specified: (a) Static friction. (b) Tension.
Give an everyday example of circular motion for which the centripetal acceleration is mostly or completely due to a force of the type specified: (a) Gravity. (b) Normal force.
The blade on a table saw spins at 3450 rpm. Its diameter is 25.0 cm. What is the speed of a tooth on the edge of the blade, in both m/s and mph?
It's been proposed that future space stations create "artificial gravity" by rotating around an axis. (The space station would have to be much larger than the present space station for this to be feasible.)a. How would this work? Explain. b. Would the artificial gravity be equally effective
The horse on a carousel is 4.0 m from the central axis. a. If the carousel rotates at 0.10 rev/s, how long does it take the horse to go around twice? b. How fast is a child on the horse going (in m/s)?
Why is it impossible for an astronaut inside an orbiting space shuttle to go from one end to the other by walking normally?
If every object in the universe feels an attractive gravitational force due to every other object, why don't you feel a pull from someone seated next to you?
A fast pitch softball player does a "windmill" pitch, illustrated in Figure P6.20, moving her hand through a circular arc to pitch a ball at 70 mph. The 0.19 kg ball is 50 cm from the pivot point at her shoulder. At the lowest point of the circle, the ball has reached its maximum speed. a. At the
A mountain climber's weight is less on the top of a tall mountain than at the base, though his mass is the same. Why?
Is the earth's gravitational force on the sun larger, smaller, or equal to the sun's gravitational force on the earth? Explain.
A baseball pitching machine works by rotating a light and stiff rigid rod about a horizontal axis until the ball is moving toward the target. Suppose a 144 g baseball is held 85 cm from the axis of rotation and released at the major league pitching speed of 85 mph. a. What is the ball's
A ball on a string moves around a complete circle, once a second, on a frictionless, horizontal table. The tension in the string is measured to be 6.0 N. What would the tension be if the ball went around in only half a second? A. 1.5 N B. 3.0 N C. 12 N D. 24 N
As seen from above, a car rounds the curved path shown in Figure Q6.22 at a constant speed. Which vector best represents the net force acting on the car?Figure Q6.22 B E D
You're driving your pickup truck around a curve with a radius of 20 m. A box in the back of the truck is pressed up against the wall of the truck. How fast must you drive so that the force of the wall on the box equals the weight of the box?
The cylindrical space station in Figure Q6.24, 200 m in diameter, rotates in order to provide artificial gravity of g for the occupants. How much time does the station take to complete one rotation? A. 3 s B. 20 s C. 28 s D. 32 s FIGURE Q6.24 200 m
You hold a bucket in one hand. In the bucket is a 500 g rock. You swing the bucket so the rock moves in a vertical circle 2.2 m in diameter. What is the minimum speed the rock must have at the top of the circle if it is to always stay in contact with the bot- tom of the bucket?
A newly discovered planet has twice the mass and three times the radius of the earth. What is the free-fall acceleration at its surface, in terms of the free-fall acceleration g at the surface of the earth? A. g B. 38 C. 48 D. 38
Two cylindrical space stations, the second four times the diameter of the first, rotate so as to provide the same amount of artificial gravity. If the first station makes one rotation in the time T, then the second station makes one rotation in time. A. T/4 B. 27 C. 4TD. 16T
Suppose one night the radius of the earth doubled but its mass stayed the same. What would be an approximate new value for the free-fall acceleration at the surface of the earth? A. 2.5 m/s² B. 5.0 m/s² C. 10 m/s² D. 20 m/s²
What is the approximate angular speed of the skater during the leap?A. 2rad/s B. 6rad/s C. 9rad/s D. 20rad/s
The skater's arms are fully extended during the jump. What is the approximate centripetal acceleration of the skater's hand? A. 10 m/s2 B. 30 m/s2 C. 300 m/s2 D. 450 m/s2
What is the approximate speed of the skater's hand?A. 1 m/s B. 3 m/s C. 9 m/s D. 15 m/s
What is the free-fall acceleration at the surface of (a) Mars(b) Jupiter?
Satellite A orbits a planet with a speed of 10,000 m/s. Satellite B is twice as massive as satellite A and orbits at twice the distance from the center of the planet. What is the speed of satellite B?
A 30 g ball rolls around a 40-cmdiamete r L-shaped track, shown in Figure P6.47, at 60 rpm. Rolling friction can be neglected.a. How many different contact forces does the track exert on the ball? Name them. b. What is the magnitude of the net force on the ball? FIGURE P6.47
The Space Shuttle is in a 250-mile-high orbit. What are the shuttle's orbital period, in minutes, and its speed?

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