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physics
college physics a strategic approach 2nd

College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd Edition Randall D. Knight, Brian Jones, Stuart Field - Solutions

What is the energy (in eV) of a photon of visible light that has a wavelength of 500 nm?
What is the energy (in eV) of an x-ray photon that has a wavelength of 1.0 nm?
What is the wavelength of a photon whose energy is twice that of a photon with a 600 nm wavelength?
The thermal emission of the human body has maximum intensity at a wavelength of approximately 9.5 μm. What photon energy corresponds to this wavelength?
The spectrum of a glowing filament has its peak at a wavelength of 1200 nm. What is the temperature of the filament, in °C?
A magnet and a coil are oriented as shown in Figure P25.50. The magnet is moved rapidly into the coil, held stationary in the coil for a short time, and then rapidly pulled back out of the coil. Sketch a graph showing the reading of the ammeter as a function of time. The ammeter registers a
A wire loop with an area of 0.020 m2 is in a magnetic field of 0.30 T directed at a 30° angle to the plane of the loop. If the field drops to zero in 45 ms, what is the average induced emf in the loop?
A 20 cm length of 0.32-mm-diameter nichrome wire is welded into a circular loop. The loop is placed between the poles of an electromagnet, and a field of 0.55 T is switched on in a time of 15 ms. What is the induced current in the loop?
A TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) device creates very rapidly changing magnetic fields. The field near a typical pulsed-field machine rises from 0 T to 2.5 T in 200 μs. Suppose a technician holds his hand near the device so that the axis of his 2.0-cm-diameter wedding band is parallel to
The filament in the center of a 100 W incandescent bulb emits approximately 4.0 W of visible light. If you assume that all of this light is emitted at a single wavelength, estimate the electric and magnetic field strength at the surface of the bulb.
A LASIK vision correction system uses a laser that emits 10-ns-long pulses of light, each with 2.5 mJ of energy. The laser is focused to a 0.85-mm-diameter circle. (a) What is the average power of each laser pulse? (b) What is the electric field strength of the laser light at the focus point?
A new cordless phone emits 4.0 mW at 5.8 GHz. The manufacturer claims that the phone has a range of 100 feet. If we assume that the wave spreads out evenly with no obstructions, what is the electric field strength at the base unit 100 feet from the phone?
Gamma rays with the very high energy of 2.0 × 1013 eV are occasionally observed from distant astrophysical sources. What are the wavelength and frequency corresponding to this photon energy?
Identical resistors are connected to separate 12 V AC sources. One source operates at 60 Hz, the other at 120 Hz. In which circuit, if either, does the resistor dissipate the greater average power?
Consider the three circuits in Figure Q26.2. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the average total powers P1 to P3 dissipated by all the resistors in each circuit. Explain. ww R FIGURE Q26.2 2 R R ww R 3 درا
Lightbulbs in AC circuits "flicker" in intensity, though the flickering is too fast for your eyes to sense it. If a light bulb is connected to a 120 V/60 Hz power supply, how many times a second does the bulb reach peak brightness?
A household wall outlet can provide no more than 15 A, but you can use this outlet to power an electric soldering iron that drives 150 A through the metal tip. How is this possible?
Figure Q26.6 shows three wires wrapped around an iron core. The number of turns and the directions of the windings in the figure should be care- fully noted. At one particular instant, VA - VB = 20 V. At that same instant, what is Vc VD? Lecce: FIGURE Q26.6 -A "TT" -B -C -D
A 12 V DC power supply is connected to the primary coil of a transformer. The primary coil has 100 turns and the secondary coil has 200. What is the rms voltage across the secondary?
A toaster oven is rated at 1600 W for operation at 120 V/60 Hz. a. What is the resistance of the oven heater element? b. What is the peak current through it? c. What is the peak power dissipated by the oven?
A 100 Ω resistor is connected to a 120 V/60 Hz power line. What is its average power loss?
Women usually have higher resistance of their arms and legs than men. might you expect to see this variation in resistance?
A generator produces 40 MW of power and sends it to town at an rms voltage of 75 kV. What is the rms current in the trans- mission lines?
Soles of boots that are designed to protect workers from electric shock are rated to pass a maximum rms current of 1.0 mA when connected across an 18,000 V AC source. What is the minimum allowed resistance of the sole?
The primary coil of a transformer is connected to a 120 V/60 Hz wall outlet. The secondary coil is connected to a lamp that dissipates 60 W. What is the rms current in the primary coil?
New homes are required to have GFI-protected outlets in bath- rooms, kitchens, and any outdoor locations. Why is GFI protection required in these locations but not, say, in bedrooms?
A soldering iron uses an electric current in a wire to heat the tip. A transformer with 100 turns on the secondary coil provides 50 W at an rms voltage of 24 V.a. What is the resistance of the wire in the iron? b. How many turns are in the primary coil? c. What is the current in the primary coil?
A power pack charging a cell phone battery has an output of 0.40 A at 5.2 V (both rms). What is the rms current at the 120 V/60 Hz wall outlet where the power pack is plugged in?
A neon sign transformer has a 450 W AC output with an rms voltage of 15 kV when connected to a normal household outlet. There are 500 turns of wire in the primary coil. a. How many turns of wire does the secondary coil have?b. When the transformer is running at full power, what is the current in
Consider the four circuits in Figure Q26.15. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the capacitive reactances (XC)1, to (Xc)4. Explain. 100 Hz 2 μF 1 FIGURE Q26.15 100 Hz 1 μF 2 50 Hz 4 μF 3 200 Hz 2 μF
The "power cube" transformer for a portable CD player has an output of 4.5 V and 600 mA (both rms) when plugged into a 120 V/60 Hz outlet. a. If the primary coil has 400 turns of wire, how many turns are on the secondary coil? b. What is the peak current in the primary coil?
A science hobbyist has purchased a surplus power-pole trans- former that converts 7.2 kV from neighborhood distribution lines into 120 V for homes. He connects the transformer "back- ward," plugging the secondary coil into a 120 V outlet. What rms voltage is induced at the primary?
The wiring in the wall of your house to and from an outlet has a total resistance of typically 0.10 Ω. Suppose a device plugged into a 120 V outlet draws 10.0 A of current. a. What is the voltage drop along the wire? b. How much power is dissipated in the wire? c. What is the voltage drop
An inductor is plugged into a 120 V/60 Hz wall outlet in the U.S. Would the peak current be larger, smaller, or unchanged if this inductor were plugged into a wall outlet in a country where the voltage is 120 V at 50 Hz? Explain.
The following appliances are connected to a single 120 V, 15 A circuit in a kitchen: a 330 W blender, a 1000 W coffeepot, a 150 W coffee grinder, and a 750 W microwave oven. If these are all turned on at the same time, will they trip the circuit breaker?
A 60 W (120 V) night light is turned on for an average 12 hr a day year round. What is the annual cost of electricity at a billing rate of $0.10/kWh?
Suppose you leave a 110 W television and two 100 W light- bulbs on in your house to scare off burglars while you go out dancing. If the cost of electric energy in your town is $0.12/kWh and you stay out for 4.0 hr, how much does this robbery-prevention measure cost?
The manufacturer of an electric table saw claims that it has a 3.0 hp motor. It is designed to be used on a normal 120 V outlet with a 15 A circuit breaker. Is this claim reasonable? Explain.
The tuning circuit in a radio uses an RLC circuit. Will adjusting the resistance have any effect on the resonance frequency?
If you touch the terminal of a battery, the small area of contact means that the skin resistance will be relatively large; 50 kΩ is a reasonable value. What current will pass through your body if you touch the two terminals of a 9.0 V battery with your two hands? Will you feel it? Will it be
A person standing barefoot on the ground 20 m from the point of a lightning strike experiences an instantaneous potential difference of 300 V between his feet. If we assume a skin resistance of 1.0 kΩ, how much current goes up one leg and back down the other?
Electrodes used to make electrical measurements of the body (such as those used when recording an electrocardiogram) use a conductive paste to reduce the skin resistance to very low values. If you have such an electrode on one wrist and one ankle, what are the lowest AC and DC voltages that will
A transformer has 1000 turns in the primary coil and 100 turns in the secondary coil. If the primary coil is connected to a 120 V outlet and draws 0.050 A, what are the voltage and current of the secondary coil?A. 1200 V, 0.0050 A B. 1200 V, 0.50 A C. 12 V, 0.0050 A D. 12 V, 0.50 A
A fisherman has netted a torpedo ray. As he picks it up, this electric fish creates a short-duration 50 V potential difference between his hands. His hands are wet with salt water, and so his skin resistance is a very low 100 Ω. What current passes through his body? Will he feel this DC pulse?
An AC source is connected to a series combination of a light-bulb and a variable inductor. If the inductance is increased, the bulb's brightness.A. Increases. B. Decreases. C. Does not change.
A 20 μF capacitor is connected across an AC generator that produces a peak voltage of 6.0 V. The peak current is 0.20 A. What is the oscillation frequency in Hz?
The peak current through a capacitor is 8.0 mA when connected to an AC source with a peak voltage of 1.0 V. What is the capacitive reactance of the capacitor?
The peak current through an inductor is 12.5 mA when connected to an AC source with a peak voltage of 1.0 V. What is the inductive reactance of the inductor?
The superconducting magnet in a magnetic resonance imaging system consists of a solenoid with 5.6 H of inductance. The solenoid is energized by connecting it to a 1.2 V DC power sup- ply. Starting from zero, how long does it take for the solenoid to reach its operating current of 100 A?
The inductor in the RLC tuning circuit of an AM radio has a value of 350 mH. What should be the value of the variable capacitor in the circuit to tune the radio to 740 kHz?
A step-down transformer converts 120 V to 24 V, which is connected to a load of resistance 8.0 Ω. What is the resistance "seen" by the power supply connected to the primary coil of the transformer?
An electronics hobbyist is building a radio set to receive the AM band, with frequencies from 520 to 1700 kHz. What range variable capacitor will she need to go with a 230 μH inductor?
Light with a wavelength of 350 nm shines on a metal surface, which emits electrons. The stopping potential is measured to be 1.25 V. a. What is the maximum speed of emitted electrons? b. Calculate the work function and identify the metal.
The spacing between atoms in graphite is approximately 0.25 nm. What is the energy of an x-ray photon with this wave- length?
A firefly glows by the direct conversion of chemical energy to light. The light emitted by a firefly has peak intensity at a wavelength of 550 nm.a. What is the minimum chemical energy, in eV, required to generate each photon?b. One molecule of ATP provides 0.30 eV of energy when it is metabolized
Your eyes have three different types of cones with maximum absorption at 437 nm, 533 nm, and 564 nm. What photon energies correspond to these wavelengths?
What is the ratio of the energy of a photon of light at the far red end of the visible spectrum (700 nm) to that of a photon at the far blue end of the visible spectrum (400 nm)?
Station KAIM in Hawaii broadcasts on the AM dial at 870 kHz, with a maximum power of 50,000 W. At maximun power, how many photons does the transmitting antenna emit each second?
550 nm is the average wavelength of visible light. a. What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 550 nm? b. A typical incandescent lightbulb emits about 1 J of visible light energy every second. Estimate the number of visible photons emitted per second.
Estimate your de Broglie wavelength while walking at a speed of 1 m/s.
a. What is the speed of an electron with a de Broglie wave-length of 0.20 nm? b. What is the speed of a proton with a de Broglie wave-length of 0.20 nm?
What is the length of a box in which the minimum energy of an electron is 1.5 X 10-18 J?
Bohr did not include the gravitational force in his analysis of the hydrogen atom. Is this one of the reasons that his model of the hydrogen atom had only limited success? Explain.
The speed of an electron is known to be between 3.0 X 106 m/s and 3.2 106 m/s. Estimate the uncertainty in its position.
Rubidium atoms are cooled to 0.10 μK in an atom trap. What is their de Broglie wavelength? How many times larger is this than the 0.25 nm diameter of the atoms?
What is the kinetic energy, in eV, of an electron with a de Broglie wavelength of 1.0 nm?
The nucleus of a typical atom is 5.0 fm (1 fm = 10-5 m) in diameter. A very simple model of the nucleus is a one-dimensional box in which protons are confined. Estimate the energy of a proton in the nucleus by finding the first three allowed energies of a proton in a 5.0-fm-long box.
The allowed energies of a quantum system are 0.0 eV, 1.5 eV, 3.0 eV, and 6.0 eV. How many different wavelengths appear in the emission spectrum?
A spherical virus has a diameter of 50 nm. It is contained inside a long, narrow cell of length 1 X 10-4 m. What uncertainty does this imply for the velocity of the virus along the length of the cell? Assume the virus has a density equal to that of water.
X rays with a wavelength of 0.0700 nm diffract from a crystal. Two adjacent angles of x-ray diffraction are 45.6° and 21.0°. What is the distance in nm between the atomic planes responsible for the diffraction?
A typical incandescent lightbulb emits approximately 3 x 1018 visible-light photons per second. Your eye, when it is fully dark adapted, can barely see the light from an incandescent lightbulb 10 km away. How many photons per second are incident at the image point on your retina? The diameter of a
The intensity of sunlight hitting the surface of the earth on a cloudy day is about 0.50 kW/m. Assuming your pupil can close down to a diameter of 2.0 mm and that the average wavelength of visible light is 550 nm, how many photons per second of visible light enter your eye if you look up at the sky
A red LED (light emitting diode) is connected to a battery; it carries a current. As electrons move through the diode, they jump between states, emitting photons in the process. Assume that each electron that travels through the diode causes the emission of a single 630 nm photon. What current is
An electron confined to a one-dimensional box of length 0.70 nm jumps from the n = 2 level to the ground state. What is the wavelength (in nm) of the emitted photon?
Electrons with a speed of 2.0 × 106 m/s pass through a double-slit apparatus. Interference fringes are detected with a fringe spacing of 1.5 mm. a. What will the fringe spacing be if the electrons are replaced by neutrons with the same speed? b. What speed must neutrons have to produce
Electrons pass through a 1.0-μm-wide slit with a speed of 1.5 x 106 m/s. How wide is the electron diffraction pattern on a detector 1.0 m behind the slit?
a. What is the minimum energy of a 2.7 g Ping-Pong ball in a 10-cm-long box? b. What speed corresponds to this kinetic energy?
The color of dyes results from the preferential absorption of certain wavelengths of light. Certain dye molecules consist of symmetric pairs of rings joined at the center by a chain of car- bon atoms, as shown in Figure P28.70. Electrons of the bonds along the chain of carbon atoms are shared among
The two spectra shown in Figure Q29.2 belong to the same element, a fictional Element X. Explain why they are different. FIGURE Q29.2 Emission spectrum Absorption spectrum
An electron confined to a box has an energy of 1.28 eV. Another electron confined to an identical box has an energy of 2.88 eV. What is the smallest possible length for those boxes?
It can be shown that the allowed energies of a particle of mass m in a two-dimensional square box of side L are The energy depends on two quantum numbers, n and I, both of which must have an integer value 1, 2, 3,.... a. What is the minimum energy for a particle in a two- dimensional square box
Two adjacent allowed energies of an electron in a one-dimensional box are 2.0 eV and 4.5 eV. What is the length of the box?
When the electron is struck by the x-ray photon, increases. decreases.A. Its de Broglie wavelength B. Its de Broglie wavelength C. Its de Broglie wavelength stays the same.
Exposure to a sufficient quantity of ultraviolet will redden the skin, producing erythema-a sunburn. The amount of exposure necessary to produce this reddening depends on the wave- length. For a 1.0 cm patch of skin, 3.7 mJ of ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 254 nm will produce reddening; at
What is the angular momentum of a hydrogen atom in (a) A 4p state (b) A 5f state? Give your answers as a multiple of h.
The Paschen series is analogous to the Balmer series, but with m = 3. Calculate the wavelengths of the first three members in the Paschen series. What part(s) of the electromagnetic spectrum are these in?
J. J. Thomson studied the ionization of atoms in collisions with electrons. He accelerated electrons through a potential difference, shot them into a gas of atoms, then used a mass spectrometer to detect any ions produced in the collisions. By using different gases, he found that he could produce
For a hydrogen atom, list all possible states (n, l, m, m.) that have E = -1.51 eV.
Does each diagram in Figure Q29.12 represent a possible electron configuration of a neutral element? If so, (i) Identify the element(ii) Determine if this is the ground state or an excited state. If not, why not? (a) 2p 25+4 FIGURE Q29.12 (b) 2s 2p. # (c) 2s 2p 15 #
A researcher observes hydrogen emitting photons of energy 1.89 eV. What are the quantum numbers of the two states involved in the transition that emits these photons?
A hydrogen atom is in the n = 3 state. In the Bohr model, how many electron wavelengths fit around this orbit?
A hydrogen atom is in its n = 1 state. In the Bohr model, what is the ratio of its kinetic energy to its potential energy?
An electron is in an f state. Can it undergo a quantum jump to an s state? A p state? A d state? Explain.
Show, by actual calculation, that the Bohr radius is 0.0529 nm and that the ground-state energy of hydrogen is -13.60 eV.
Seven possible transitions are identified on the energy level diagram in Figure Q29.20. For each, is this an allowed transition? If allowed, is it an emission or an absorption transition, and is the photon infrared, visible, or ultraviolet? If not allowed, why not? 7s 68 5s A = 2.1 μm 4s A₁ =
List the quantum numbers of (a) All possible 3p states (b) All possible 3d states.
Predict the ground-state electron configurations of Si, Ge, and Pb.
A hydrogen atom is in the 5p state. Determine (a) Its energy. (b) Its angular momentum, (c) Its quantum number I,(d) The possible values of its magnetic quantum number m.
a. With what element is the 3s subshell first completely filled? b. With what element is the 4d subshell first half-filled?
Consider the model of nerve conduction in myelinated axons presented in the chapter. Suppose the distance between the nodes of Ranvier was halved for a particular axon.a. How would this affect the resistance and the capacitance of one segment of the axon? b. How would this affect the time constant

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