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physics
schaums outline of college physics

Questions and Answers of Schaums Outline Of College Physics

A sphere of 3.0 cm radius acts like a blackbody. It is in equilibrium with its surroundings and absorbs 30 kW of power radiated to it from the surroundings. What is the temperature of the sphere?
A 2.0-cm-thick brass plate (kT = 105 W/k·m) is sealed face-toface to a glass sheet (kT = 0.80 W/k·m), and both have the same area. The exposed face of the brass plate is at 80 °C, while the
In a certain process, 8.00 kcal of heat is furnished to the system while the system does 6.00 kJ of work. By how much does the internal energy of the system change during the process?
The specific heat of water is 4184 J/kg · K. By how many joules does the internal energy of 50 g of water change as it is heated from 21 °C to 37 °C? Assume that the expansion of the water is
How much does the internal energy of 5.0 g of ice at precisely 0 °C increase as it is changed to water at 0 °C? Neglect the change in volume.
A spring (k = 500 N/m) supports a 400-g mass, which is immersed in 900 g of water. The specific heat of the mass is 450 J/kg · K. The spring is now stretched 15 cm, and after thermal equilibrium is
Find ΔW and ΔU for a 6.0-cm cube of iron as it is heated from 20 °C to 300 °C at atmospheric pressure. For iron, c = 0.11 cal/g · °C and the volume coefficient of thermal expansion is 3.6 ×
A motor supplies 0.4 hp to stir 5 kg of water. Assuming that all the work goes into heating the water by friction losses, how long will it take to increase the temperature of the water 6 °C?
In each of the following situations, find the change in internal energy of the system. (a) A system absorbs 500 cal of heat and at the same time does 400 J of work. (b) A system absorbs 300 cal and
For each of the following adiabatic processes, find the change in internal energy. (a) A gas does 5 J of work while expanding adiabatically. (b) During an adiabatic compression, 80 J of work is
The temperature of 5.00 kg of N2 gas is raised from 10.0 °C to 130.0 °C. If this is done at constant volume, find the increase in internal energy ΔU. Alternatively, if the same temperature change
One kilogram of steam at 100 °C and 101 kPa occupies 1.68 m3.(a) What fraction of the observed heat of vaporization of water is accounted for by the expansion of water into steam?(b) Determine the
The P–V diagram in Fig. 20-3 applies to a gas undergoing a cyclic change in a piston-cylinder arrangement. What is the work done by the gas (a) During portion AB of the cycle? (b) During portion
For nitrogen gas, cυ = 740 J/kg · K. Assuming it to behave like an ideal gas, find its specific heat at constant pressure. (The molecular mass of nitrogen gas is 28.0 kg/kmol.)
For the thermodynamic cycle shown in Fig. 20-3, find (a) The net work output of the gas during the cycle and (b) The net heat flow into the gas per cycle. P (Pa) 4.0 × 105 2.0 ×
How much work is done by an ideal gas in expanding isothermally from an initial volume of 3.00 liters at 20.0 atm to a final volume of 24.0 liters?
What is the net work output per cycle for the thermodynamic cycle in Fig. 20-4? P (105 Pa) 5 4 نيا N 1 0 0 A 0.5 V (m³) 1.0 B C 1.5
Twenty cubic centimeters of monatomic gas at 12 °C and 100 kPa is suddenly (and adiabatically) compressed to 0.50 cm3. Assume that we are dealing with an ideal gas. What are its new pressure and
Compute the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between the temperature limits of 100 °C and 400 °C.
A steam engine operating between a boiler temperature of 220 °C and a condenser temperature of 35.0 °C delivers 8.00 hp. If its efficiency is 30.0 percent of that for a Carnot engine operating
A cylinder of ideal gas is closed by an 8.00 kg movable piston (area = 60.0 cm2) as illustrated in Fig. 20-5. Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. When the gas is heated from 30.0 °C to 100.0 °C, the
Three kilomoles (6.00 kg) of hydrogen gas at S.T.P. expands isobarically to precisely twice its volume. (a) What is the final temperature of the gas? (b) What is the expansion work done by the
A 2.0 kg metal block (c = 0.137 cal/g · °C) is heated from 15 °C to 90 °C. By how much does its internal energy change?
By how much does the internal energy of 50 g of oil (c = 0.32 cal/g · °C) change as the oil is cooled from 100 °C to 25 °C.
A gas does 100.0 J of work while receiving 110.0 J heat. What is the resulting change in the gas’s internal energy?
Twenty grams of ice at precisely 0 °C melts into water with no change in temperature. By how much does the entropy of the 20-g mass change in this process?
A 10.0-kg block of lead is heated from 23.0 °C to 100 °C during which time it expands only negligibly, doing essentially no work on the environment. Calculate its increase in internal energy.
If a person does 8.00 h of moderate physical labor “burning” 400 kcal/h, by how much does his or her internal energy change as a result?
With the previous problem in mind, what fraction of the energy supplied to the water ends up as work?Give your answer to two significant figures.Previous problemIt is given that 1.000 g of water
It is given that 1.000 g of water becomes 1676 cm3 of steam at 100.0 °C and atmospheric pressure. How much work is done by the vapor when 1.000 g of water is converted to steam at atmospheric
Molecular oxygen having a mass of 10.0 g is in a cylinder sealed with a movable piston. The gas is heated from 0.00 °C to 10.0 °C at a constant pressure and expands. Given that cp for O2 is 0.919
Molecular hydrogen gas having a mass of 6.44 g at 26.0 °C is heated until its volume doubles while it is held at a constant pressure. How much work was done by the gas?
A gas at a pressure of 2.10 × 105 Pa occupies 4.98 × 10–3 m3 in a chamber that can change its volume. The gas is at an initial temperature of 290 K when it is heated, so that it expands
An ideal heat engine operates between 405 K and 305 K. Given that it receives 16 670 J of heat from the high-temperature source during each cycle, how much work does it do? How much heat does it
A sealed chamber containing 32.5 g of molecular oxygen and 20.2 g of molecular nitrogen at 48.0 °C is cooled down to 20.2 °C. Given that for N2, cυ = 0.743 kJ/kg · K, and for O2, cυ = 0.659
A 70-g metal block moving at 200 cm/s slides across a tabletop a distance of 83 cm before it comes to rest. Assuming 75 percent of the thermal energy developed by friction goes into the block, how
If a certain mass of water falls a distance of 854 m and all the energy is effective in heating the water, what will be the temperature rise of the water?
To determine the specific heat of an oil, an electrical heating coil is placed in a calorimeter with 380 g of the oil at 10 °C. The coil consumes energy (and gives off heat) at the rate of 84 W.
A 100-g bullet (c = 0.030 cal/g · °C) is initially at 20 °C. It is fired straight upward with a speed of 420 m/s, and on returning to the starting point strikes a cake of ice at exactly 0 °C. How
How many joules of heat per hour are produced in a motor that is 75.0 percent efficient and requires 0.250 hp to run it?
How much external work is done by an ideal gas in expanding from a volume of 3.0 liters to a volume of 30.0 liters against a constant pressure of 2.0 atm?
An ideal gas expands adiabatically to three times its original volume. In doing so, the gas does 720 J of work. (a) How much heat flows from the gas? (b) What is the change in internal energy of
As 3.0 liters of ideal gas at 27 °C is heated, it expands at a constant pressure of 2.0 atm. How much work is done by the gas as its temperature is changed from 27 °C to 227 °C?
An ideal gas expands at a constant pressure of 240 cmHg from 250 cm3 to 780 cm3. It is then allowed to cool at constant volume to its original temperature. What is the net amount of heat that flows
As an ideal gas is compressed isothermally, the compressing agent does 36 J of work on the gas. How much heat flows from the gas during the compression process?
The temperature of 3.0 kg of krypton gas is raised from −20 °C to 80 °C. (a) If this is done at constant volume, compute the heat added, the work done, and the change in internal energy. (b)
The specific heat of air at constant volume is 0.175 cal/g · °C. (a) By how much does the internal energy of 5.0 g of air change as it is heated from 20 °C to 400 °C? (b) Suppose that 5.0 g of
Water is boiled at 100 °C and 1.0 atm. Under these conditions, 1.0 g of water occupies 1.0 cm3, 1.0 g of steam occupies 1670 cm3, and Lυ = 540 cal/g. Find (a) The external work done when 1.0 g of
Determine the work done by the gas in going from A to B in the thermodynamic cycle shown in Fig. 20-2. Repeat for portion CA. Give answers to one significant figure.
Find the net work output per cycle for the thermodynamic cycle in Fig. 20-6. Give your answer to two significant figures. P (atm) 6 4 2 0 D 5 Fig. 20-6 B с 10 V (liters)
Figure 20-6 is the P–V diagram for 25.0 g of an enclosed ideal gas. At A the gas temperature is 200 °C. The value of cυ for the gas is 0.150 cal/g · °C. (a) What is the temperature of the gas
(a) Compute cυ for the monatomic gas argon, given cp = 0.125 cal/g · °C and γ = 1.67. (b) Compute cp for the diatomic gas nitric oxide (NO), given cυ = 0.166 cal/g · °C and γ = 1.40.
Four grams of gas, confined to a cylinder, is carried through the cycle shown in Fig. 20-6. At A the temperature of the gas is 400 °C. (a) What is its temperature at B? (b) If, in the portion from
Compute the work done in an isothermal compression of 30 liters of ideal gas at 1.0 atm to a volume of 3.0 liters.
Five moles of neon gas at 2.00 atm and 27.0 °C is adiabatically compressed to one-third its initial volume. Find the final pressure, final temperature, and external work done on the gas. For neon,
The ideal gas in the cylinder in Fig. 21-1 is initially at conditions P1, V1, T1. It is slowly expanded at constant temperature by allowing the piston to rise. Its final conditions are P2, V2, T1,
As depicted in Fig. 21-1, an ideal gas is confined to a cylinder by a piston. The piston is pushed down slowly so that the gas temperature remains at 20.0 °C. During the compression, 730 J of work
As shown in Fig. 21-2, a container is separated into two equalvolume compartments. The two compartments contain equal masses of the same gas, 0.740 g in each, and cυ for the gas is 745 J/kg·K. At
A system consists of 3 coins that can come up either heads or tails. In how many different ways can the system have (a) All heads up? (b) All tails up? (c) One tail and two heads up? (d) Two
Two vats of water, one at 87 °C and the other at 14 °C, are separated by a metal plate. If heat flows through the plate at 35 cal/s, what is the change in entropy of the system that occurs in a
Find the entropy of the three-coin system described in Problem 21.6 if (a) All coins are heads up, (b) Two coins are heads up.Problem 21.6A system consists of 3 coins that can come up either heads
Heat in the amount of 100 kJ is transferred out of a reservoir that is sustained at 500 K. Determine the resulting entropy change of the reservoir. Is the reservoir’s entropy increased or decreased?
Compute the entropy change of 5.00 g of water at 100 °C as it changes to steam at 100 °C under standard pressure.
Heat in the amount of 100 kJ is transferred into a reservoir that is sustained at 100 K. Determine the resulting entropy change of the reservoir. Is the reservoir’s entropy increased or decreased?
Heat in the amount of 100 kJ is transferred out of a reservoir that is sustained at 800 K, into a reservoir that is sustained at 200 K. Determine the resulting total entropy change. Is entropy
Imagine a flexible chamber containing an ideal gas. Heat is allowed to enter the chamber, which is kept at a constant temperature of 30.0 °C while it is expanded by the gas, doubling in volume.
An insulated chamber (allowing no heat to flow in or out) contains an ideal gas at a temperature T and volume Vi. That chamber is attached to an identical chamber via a small valve. The valve is
Two moles of an ideal gas undergo an isothermal free expansion doubling in volume. Determine the change in entropy. Give your answer to three significant figures.
By how much does the entropy of 300 g of a metal (c = 0.093 cal/g· °C) change as it is cooled from 90 °C to 70 °C? You may approximate T = 1/2 (T1 + T2).
An ideal gas was slowly expanded from 2.00 m3 to 3.00 m3 at a constant temperature of 30 °C. The entropy change of the gas was +47 J/K during the process. (a) How much heat was added to the gas
A 50-g mass hangs at the end of a Hookean spring. When 20 g more are added to the end of the spring, it stretches 7.0 cm more. (a) Find the spring constant. (b) If the 20-g mass is now removed,
Starting at standard conditions, 3.0 kg of an ideal gas (M = 28 kg/kmol) is isothermally compressed to one-fifth of its original volume. Find the change in entropy of the gas.
Certain ideal gas molecules behave like spheres of radius 3.0 × 10−10 m. Find the mean free path of these molecules under S.T.P.
Assume a simple pendulum swings frictionlessly. Given that it attains a maximum speed of 4.00 m/s, to what maximum height will the bob rise vertically above the point where its acceleration is zero?
A pendulum is timed as it swings back and forth. The clock is started when the bob is at the left end of its swing. When the bob returns to the left end for the 90th return, the clock reads 60.0 s.
A 300-g mass at the end of a Hookean spring vibrates up and down in such a way that it is 2.0 cm above the tabletop at its lowest point and 16 cm above at its highest point. Its period is 4.0 s.
A coiled Hookean spring is stretched 10 cm when a 1.5-kg body is hung from it. Suppose instead that a 4.0-kg mass hangs from the spring and is set into vibration with an amplitude of 12 cm. Find (a)
A 2.5-kg body undergoes SHM and makes exactly 3 vibrations each second. Compute the acceleration and the restoring force acting on the body when its displacement from the equilibrium position is 5.0
A 300-g object attached to the end of a spring oscillates with an amplitude of 7.0 cm and a frequency of 1.80 Hz. (a) Find its maximum speed and maximum acceleration. (b) What is its speed when it
A Hookean spring is stretched 20 cm when a massive object is hung from it. What is the frequency of vibration of the object if pulled down a little and released?
A 300-g body fixed at the end of a spring executes SHM with a period of 2.4 s. Find the period of oscillation when the body is replaced by a 133-g mass on the same spring.
In a situation similar to that shown in Fig. 11-7, a mass is pressed back against a light spring for which k = 400 N/m. The mass compresses the spring 8.0 cm and is then released. After sliding 55 cm
With a 50-g mass at its end, a spring undergoes SHM with a frequency of 0.70 Hz. How much work is done in stretching the spring 15 cm from its unstretched length? How much energy is then stored in
A 500-g object is attached to the end of an initially unstretched vertical spring for which k = 30 N/m. The object is then released, so that it falls and stretches the spring. How far will it fall
A popgun uses a spring for which k = 20 N/cm. When cocked, the spring is compressed 3.0 cm. How high can the gun shoot a 5.0-g projectile?
A cubical block on an air table vibrates horizontally in SHM with an amplitude of 8.0 cm and a frequency of 1.50 Hz. If a smaller block sitting on it is not to slide, what is the minimum value that
Find the frequency of vibration on Mars for a simple pendulum that is 50 cm long. Objects weigh 0.40 as much on Mars as on the Earth.
A “seconds pendulum” beats seconds; that is, it takes 1 s for half a cycle. (a) What is the length of a simple “seconds pendulum” at a place where g = 9.80 m/s2? (b) What is the length
Show that the natural period of vertical oscillation of a mass hung on a Hookean spring is the same as the period of a simple pendulum whose length is equal to the elongation the mass causes when
A particle that is at the origin of coordinates at exactly t = 0 vibrates about the origin along the y-axis with a frequency of 20 Hz and an amplitude of 3.0 cm. Write out its equation of motion in
A particle vibrates according to the equation x = 20 cos 16t, where x is in centimeters. Find its amplitude, frequency, and position at exactly t = 0 s.
A particle oscillates according to the equation y = 5.0 cos23t, where y is in centimeters. Find its frequency of oscillation and its position at t = 0.15 s.
Find the density and specific gravity of gasoline if 51 g occupies 75 cm3. Make sure you know how to convert cubic centimeters to cubic meters: 1.0m3 = 1.0 × 106 cm3.
The mass of a liter of milk is 1.032 kg. The butterfat that it contains has a density of 865 kg/m3 when pure, and it constitutes exactly 4 percent of the milk by volume. What is the density of the
A 15-kg ball of radius 4.0 cm is suspended from a point 2.94 m above the floor by an iron wire of unstretched length 2.85 m. The diameter of the wire is 0.090 cm, and its Young’s modulus is 180
A circular disk of marble has a diameter of 80 cm and a thickness of 2.0 cm. Determine its volume, mass, and weight.
An iron rod 4.00 m long and 0.500 cm2 in cross section mounted vertically stretches 1.00 mm when a mass of 225 kg is hung from its lower end. Compute Young’s modulus for the iron.
A load of 50 kg is applied to the lower end of a vertical steel rod 80 cm long and 0.60 cm in diameter. How much will the rod stretch? Y = 190 GPa for steel.
A horizontal rectangular platform is suspended by four identical wires, one at each of its corners. The wires are 3.0 m long and have a diameter of 2.0 mm. Young’s modulus for the material of the
A solid aluminum cylinder with ρ = 2700 kg/m3 has a measured mass of 67 g in air and 45 g when immersed in turpentine. Determine the density of turpentine.

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