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physics
schaums outline of college physics

Questions and Answers of Schaums Outline Of College Physics

How much work does the piston in a hydraulic system do during one 2.0-cm stroke if the end area of the piston is 0.75 cm2 and the pressure in the hydraulic fluid is 50 kPa?
Use Bernoulli’s Equation to derive Torricelli’s Theorem. Assume a very large open tank filled with a nonviscous liquid.
A large tank of nonviscous liquid, which is open to the surrounding air, springs a leak 4.5 m below the top of the liquid. What is the theoretical velocity of outflow from the hole? If the area of
Find the flow in liters/s of a nonviscous liquid through an opening 0.50 cm2 in area and 2.5 m below the level of the liquid in an open tank surrounded by air.
Calculate the theoretical velocity of efflux of water, into the surrounding air, from an aperture that is 8.0 m below the surface of water in a large tank, if an added pressure of 140 kPa is applied
What horsepower is required to force 8.0 m3 of water per minute into a water main at a pressure of 220 kPa?
A pump lifts water at the rate of 9.0 liters/s from a lake through a 5.0-cm-i.d. pipe and discharges it into the air at a point 16 m above the level of the water in the lake. What are the
Water flows steadily through a horizontal pipe of varying cross section. At one place the pressure is 130 kPa and the speed is 0.60 m/s. Determine the pressure at another place in the same pipe where
A pipe of varying inner diameter carries water. At point-1 the diameter is 20 cm and the pressure is 130 kPa. At point-2, which is 4.0 m higher than point-1, the diameter is 30 cm. If the flow is
Fuel oil of density 820 kg/m3 flows through a venturi meter having a throat diameter of 4.0 cm and an entrance diameter of 8.0 cm. The pressure drop between entrance and throat is 16 cm of mercury.
Find the maximum amount of water that can flow through a 3.0- cm-i.d. pipe per minute without turbulence. Take the maximum Reynolds number for nonturbulent flow to be 2000. For water at 20 °C, η =
How fast can a raindrop (r = 1.5 mm) fall through air if the flow around it is to be close to turbulent—that is, for NR close to 10? For air, η = 1.8 × 10-5 Pa·s and ρ = 1.29 kg/m3.
A copper bar is 80 cm long at 15 °C. What is the increase in length when it is heated to 35 °C? The linear expansion coefficient for copper is 1.7 × 10-5 °C-1.
A cylinder of diameter 1.000 00 cm at 30 °C is to be slid into a hole in a steel plate. The hole has a diameter of 0.999 70 cm at 30 °C. To what temperature must the plate be heated? For steel, α
A steel tape is calibrated at 20 °C. On a cold day when the temperature is -15 °C, what will be the percent error in the tape? αsteel 1.1 × 10-5 °C-1.
A copper rod (α = 1.70 × 10-5 °C-1) is 20 cm longer than an aluminum rod (α = 2.20 × 10-5 °C-1). How long should the copper rod be if the difference in their lengths is to be independent of
At 20.0 °C a steel ball (α = 1.10 × 10-5 °C-1) has a diameter of 0.900 0 cm, while the diameter of a hole in an aluminum plate (α = 2.20 × 10-5 °C-1) is 0.899 0 cm. At what temperature (the
A steel tape measures the length of a copper rod as 90.00 cm when both are at 10 °C, the calibration temperature for the tape. What would the tape read for the length of the rod when both are at 30
A glass flask is filled “to the mark” with 50.00 cm3 of mercury at 18 °C. If the flask and its contents are heated to 38 °C, how much mercury will be above the mark? αglass = 9.0 × 10-6 °C-1
Show that the density of a liquid or solid changes in the following way with temperature: Δρ = -ρβ ΔΤ ~ -ροβΔΤ
The density of mercury at exactly 0 °C is 13 600 kg/m3, and its volume expansion coefficient is 1.82 × 10-4 °C-1. Calculate the density of mercury at 50.0 °C.
Solve Problem 15.8 using the result of Problem 15.9.Problem 15.8The density of mercury at exactly 0 °C is 13 600 kg/m3, and its volume expansion coefficient is 1.82 × 10-4 °C-1. Calculate the
A steel wire of 2.0 mm2 cross section at 30 °C is held straight (but under no tension) by attaching its ends firmly to two points a distance 1.50 m apart. (Of course this will have to be done out in
When a building is constructed at -10 °C, a steel beam (crosssectional area 45 cm2) is put in place with its ends cemented in pillars. If the sealed ends cannot move, what will be the compressional
Create an equation to convert Fahrenheit degrees into Celsius degrees.
Water boils at 212 °F. Use the equation you created in Problem 15.13 to compute the corresponding Celsius temperature.Problem 15.13Create an equation to convert Fahrenheit degrees into Celsius
Aluminum melts at 660 °C. How much is that in kelvins?
Dry ice freezes at a temperature of −109.3 °F. What is that in Celsius?
Lead melts at 621 °F. What temperature is that in kelvins?
A gold wire 20 m long has its temperature lowered by 25.0 °C. Assume the linear coefficient of expansion is constant over that range of temperatures. Calculate the change in length of the wire.
A Pyrex glass rod 200.0 cm long has its temperature raised from 10.0 °C to 50.0 °C. Will it end up longer or shorter and by how much? Assume the linear coefficient of expansion is constant over
A stainless steel wire is 150 cm long at 20.0 °C. An electric current is passed along it, and it expands to 151.2 cm. What is its new temperature?
Compute the increase in length of 50 m of copper wire when its temperature changes from 12 °C to 32 °C. For copper, α = 1.7 × 10-5 °C-1.
A rod 3.0 m long is found to have expanded 0.091 cm in length after a temperature rise of 60 °C. What is α for the material of the rod?
At 15.0 °C, a bare wheel has a diameter of 30.000 cm, and the inside diameter of its steel rim is 29.930 cm. To what temperature must the rim be heated so as to slip over the wheel? For this type of
An ordinary glass sphere has a volume of 2000 cm3 at a temperature of 0.00 °C. Determine its approximate volume change when raised to 100 °C.
An iron ball has a diameter of 6 cm and is 0.010 mm too large to pass through a hole in a brass plate when the ball and plate are at a temperature of 30 °C. At what temperature (the same for ball
(a) An aluminum measuring rod, which is correct at 5.0 °C, measures a certain distance as 88.42 cm at 35.0 °C. Determine the error in measuring the distance due to the expansion of the rod. (b) If
A solid sphere of mass m and radius b is spinning freely on its axis with angular velocity ω. When heated by an amount ΔT, its angular velocity changes to ω. Find ω0/ω if the linear expansion
Calculate the increase in volume of 100 cm3 of mercury when its temperature changes from 10 °C to 35 °C. Take the volume coefficient of expansion of that mercury to be 0.000 18 °C-1.
If a glass specific gravity bottle holds 50.000 mL at 15 °C, find its capacity at 25 °C. Take the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass to be 9.0 × 10-6 °C-1.
Determine the change in volume of a block of cast iron 5.0 cm × 10 cm × 6.0 cm, when the temperature of the block is made to change from 15 °C to 47 °C. The coefficient of linear expansion of
A glass vessel is filled with exactly 1 liter of turpentine at 20 °C. What volume of the liquid will overflow if the temperature is raised to 86 °C? The coefficient of linear expansion of that
The density of a particular sample of gold is 19.30 g/cm3 at 20.0 °C, and the coefficient of linear expansion is 14.3 × 10-6 °C-1. Compute the density of that sample at 90.0 °C.
A mass of oxygen occupies 0.020 0 m3 at atmospheric pressure, 101 kPa, and 5.0 °C. Determine its volume if its pressure is increased to 108 kPa while its temperature is changed to 30 °C.
On a day when atmospheric pressure is 76 cmHg, the pressure gauge on a tank reads the pressure inside to be 400 cmHg. The gas in the tank has a temperature of 9 °C. If the tank is heated to 31 °C
The gauge pressure in a car tire is 305 kPa when its temperature is 15 °C. After running at high speed, the tire has heated up and its gauge pressure is 360 kPa. What is then the temperature of the
Gas at room temperature and pressure is confined to a cylinder by a piston. The piston is now pushed in so as to reduce the volume to one-eighth of its original value. After the gas temperature has
An ideal gas has a volume of exactly 1 liter at 1.00 atm and -20 °C. To how many atmospheres of pressure must it be subjected in order to be compressed to 0.500 liter when the temperature is 40 °C?
A certain mass of hydrogen gas occupies 370 mL at 16 °C and 150 kPa. Find its volume at −21 °C and 420 kPa.
The density of nitrogen is 1.25 kg/m3 at S.T.P. Determine the density of nitrogen at 42 °C and 730 mm of mercury.
A 3.0-liter tank contains oxygen gas at 20 °C and a gauge pressure of 25 × 105 Pa. What mass of oxygen is in the tank? The molecular mass of oxygen gas is 32 kg/kmol. Assume atmospheric pressure to
Determine the volume occupied by 4.0 g of oxygen (M = 32 kg/kmol) at S.T.P.
A 2.0-mg droplet of liquid nitrogen is present in a 30 mL tube as it is sealed off at very low temperature. What will be the nitrogen pressure in the tube when it is warmed to 20 °C? Express your
A tank of volume 590 liters contains oxygen at 20 °C and 5.0 atm pressure. Calculate the mass of oxygen in the tank. M = 32 kg/kmol for oxygen.
At 18 °C and 765 mmHg, 1.29 liters of an ideal gas has a mass of 2.71 g. Compute the molecular mass of the gas.
Compute the volume of 8.0 g of helium (M = 4.0 kg/kmol) at 15 °C and 480 mmHg.
Find the density of methane (M = 16 kg/kmol) at 20 °C and 5.0 atm.
A fish emits a 2.0-mm3 bubble at a depth of 15 m in a lake. Find the volume of the bubble as it reaches the surface. Assume its temperature does not change.
A 15-cm-long test tube of uniform bore is lowered, open-end down, into a freshwater lake. How far below the surface of the lake must the water level be in the tube if one-third of the tube is to be
A tank contains 18 kg of N2 gas (M = 28 kg/kmol) at a pressure of 4.50 atm. How much H2 gas (M = 2.0 kg/kmol) at 3.50 atm would the same tank contain?
In a gaseous mixture at 20 °C the partial pressures of the components are as follows: hydrogen, 200 mmHg; carbon dioxide, 150 mmHg; methane, 320 mmHg; ethylene, 105 mmHg. What are (a) The total
An ideal gas is in a chamber at a pressure of 2.00 MPa and has a volume of 20.0 liters when at a temperature of 298.15 K. Determine the number of moles of gas in the chamber.
Given that one mole of hydrogen molecules—assumed to be an ideal gas—has a mass of 2.02 × 10−3 kg, determine the mass density of the gas in the previous example.
A sealed tank having a volume of 25.0 × 10−3 m3 contains 0.56 kg of nitrogen (N2). How many kilomoles of gas are in the tank?
If the absolute pressure in the chamber in the previous problem is 52.0 × 105 N/m2, find the temperature of the gas. Previous problemA sealed tank having a volume of 25.0 × 10−3 m3 contains 0.56
A 50.0-liter cylinder is open to the atmosphere. It is then sealed with a piston and compressed down to 10.0 liters. If the temperature is kept constant, what will be the new absolute pressure?
A 6.00-m3 cylinder filled with oxygen at an absolute pressure of 2.00 atm is sealed with a movable piston. The chamber is then compressed down to 3.0 liters. If the temperature is kept constant, what
Imagine a cylinder containing 0.500 m3 of gas sealed in with a movable piston. If the gas in the cylinder is heated so that its temperature goes from 250 K to 500 K keeping the pressure constant, if
A gas is sealed into a closed container. The gas is heated so that its temperature rises from 100 °C to 200 °C. If the initial absolute pressure in the container was 2.00 atm, what will its new
A given mass of an ideal gas occupies a volume of 4.00 m3 at 758 mmHg. Compute its volume at 635 mmHg if the temperature remains unchanged.
A mass of ideal gas occupies 38 mL at 20 °C. If its pressure is held constant, what volume does it occupy at a temperature of 45 °C?
On a day when atmospheric pressure is 75.83 cmHg, a pressure gauge on a tank of gas reads a pressure of 258.5 cmHg. What is the absolute pressure (in atmospheres and kPa) of the gas in the tank?
A tank of ideal gas is sealed off at 20 °C and 1.00 atm pressure. What will be the pressure (in kPa and mmHg) in the tank if the gas temperature is decreased to −35 °C?
Given 1000 mL of helium at 15 °C and 763 mmHg, determine its volume at −6 °C and 420 mmHg.
One kilomole of ideal gas occupies 22.4 m3 at 0 °C and 1 atm. (a) What pressure is required to compress 1.00 kmol into a 5.00 m3 container at 100 °C? (b) If 1.00 kmol was to be sealed in a 5.00
Air is trapped in the sealed lower end of a capillary tube by a mercury column as shown in Fig. 16-1. The top of the tube is open. The temperature is 14 °C, and atmospheric pressure is 740 mmHg.
Air is trapped in the sealed lower part of the vertical capillary tube shown in Fig. 16-1 by an 8.0-cm-long mercury column. The top is open, and the system is at equilibrium. What will be the length
On a day when the barometer reads 75.23 cm, a reaction vessel holds 250 mL of ideal gas at 20.0 °C. An oil manometer (ρ = 810 kg/m3) reads the pressure in the vessel to be 41.0 cm of oil and below
A 5000-cm3 tank contains an ideal gas (M = 40 kg/kmol) at a gauge pressure of 530 kPa and a temperature of 25 °C. Assuming atmospheric pressure to be 100 kPa, what mass of gas is in the tank?
The pressure of air in a reasonably good vacuum might be 2.0 × 10−5 mmHg. What mass of air exists in a 250 mL volume at this pressure and 25 °C? Take M = 28 kg/kmol for air.
What volume will 1.216 g of SO2 gas (M = 64.1 kg/kmol) occupy at 18.0 °C and 755 mmHg if it acts like an ideal gas?
Compute the density of H2S gas (M = 34.1 kg/kmol) at 27 °C and 2.00 atm, assuming it to be ideal.
A 30-mL tube contains 0.25 g of water vapor (M = 18 kg/kmol) at a temperature of 340 °C. Assuming the gas to be ideal, what is its pressure?
One method for estimating the temperature at the center of the Sun is based on the Ideal Gas Law. If the center is assumed to consist of gases whose average M is 0.70 kg/kmol, and if the density and
As shown in Fig. 16-2, two flasks are connected by an initially closed stopcock. One flask contains krypton gas at 500 mmHg, while the other contains helium at 950 mmHg. The stopcock is now opened so
A 500-mL sealed flask contains nitrogen at a pressure of 76.00 cmHg. A tiny glass tube lies at the bottom of the flask. Its volume is 0.50 mL and it contains hydrogen gas at a pressure of 4.5 atm.
A cylindrical diving bell (a vertical cylinder with open bottom end and closed top end) 12.0 m high is lowered in a lake until water within the bell rises 8.0 m from the bottom end. Determine the
Ordinary nitrogen gas consists of molecules of N2. Find the mass of one such molecule. The molecular mass is 28 kg/kmol.
Helium gas consists of separate He atoms rather than molecules. How many helium atoms, He, are there in 2.0 g of helium? M = 4.0 kg/kmol for He.
A droplet of mercury has a radius of 0.50 mm. How many mercury atoms are in the droplet? For Hg, M = 202 kg/kmol and ρ = 13 600 kg/m3.
How many molecules are there in 70 mL of benzene? For benzene, ρ = 0.88 g/cm3 and M = 78 kg/kmol.
Find the rms speed of a nitrogen molecule (M = 28 kg/kmol.mml) in air at 0 °C.
Find the mass of a neon atom. The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 kg/kmol.
A typical polymer molecule in polyethylene might have a molecular mass of 15 × 103. (a) What is the mass in kilograms of such a molecule? (b) How many such molecules would make up 2 g of polymer?
A certain strain of tobacco mosaic virus has M = 4.0 × 107 kg/kmol. How many molecules of the virus are present in 1.0 mL of a solution that contains 0.10 mg of virus per mL?
If the Celsius temperature of a gas quadruples, does υrms double? Explain.
What happens to the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule if the absolute temperature is tripled?
The absolute temperature of a sample of gas in a chamber is doubled. What then happens to the root-mean-square speed of the molecules?
Let μ, which is called the molar mass, stand for the mass of 1 mole of gas expressed in kilograms, so that it has the units of kg/mol, as opposed to M in the previous chapter, which has the units of

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