The water needs of a small farm are to be met by pumping water from a well that can supply water continuously at a rate of 4 L/s. The water level in the well is 20 m below the ground level, and water...

Pure liquid benzene (C 6 H 6 ) at 290 K flows as a thin film down the outside of a vertical, 0.08-m-diameter cylinder at a flow rate of 4.0 kg/hr. Dry air at 290 K and 1.0 atm flows perpendicular to...

Investigators studying the mass transfer from single spheres recommended the generalized equation Sh = 2.0 + C Re m Sc 1/3 As discussed in Section 30.1, the value of 2.0 can be derived theoretically...

A wind turbine with two or four hollow hemispherical cups connected to a pivot is commonly used to measure wind speed. Consider a wind turbine with four 8-cm-diameter cups with a center-to-center...

A DC motor delivers mechanical power to a rotating stainless steel shaft (k = 15.1 W/m·K) with a length of 25 cm and a diameter of 25 mm. In a surrounding with ambient air temperature of...

Consider a 5-m-high, 8-m-long, and 0.22-m-thick wall whose representative cross section is as given in the figure. The thermal conductivities of various materials used, in W/m·K, are k A = k F...

Consider an aircraft that takes off at 260 km/h when it is fully loaded. If the weight of the aircraft is increased by 10 percent as a result of overloading, determine the speed at which the...

A furnace is shaped like a long equilateral-triangular duct where the width of each side is 2 m. Heat is supplied from the base surface, whose emissivity is 1 = 0.8, at a rate of 800 W/m 2 while the...

Oil in an engine is being cooled by air in a crossflow heat exchanger, where both fluids are unmixed. Oil (c ph = 2047 J/kg·K) flowing with a flow rate of 0.026 kg/s enters the tube side at...

Consider a water-to-water counter-flow heat exchanger with these specifications. Hot water enters at 95°C while cold water enters at 20°C. The exit temperature of hot water is 15°C...

In Section 6.2.2 we assumed that the combined spacespin wave function of a baryon was symmetric under the interchange of any pair of like quarks. What spectrum of low-lying baryon states composed of...

List the independent, continuously variable parameters of the standard model, whose values must be determined from experiment. How many are there in total?

Draw the dominant Feynman diagrams for the reaction e + + e e + e . Estimate the order of magnitude and energy dependence of the corresponding contributions to the total cross-section for...

Estimate the branching ratios for the four-lepton decays (10.58) and (10.60) of the Higgs boson by relating them to the branching ratios for other reactions listed in Table 10.1. Use your answers to...

Show that when an impulse produced by a 12-N force acts over 2.0 s on an ice puck initially at rest on an air table, the change in momentum is 24 kg m/s. Work = force distance; W = Fd

How much energy would a 100 W light bulb consume if left on for 10 hours?

Relate eq.(2.20)?? to eq. (2.9) and compute g in terms of G, M ? , R ? as described in the text. GMm V (r) =

Review how magnetic fields are calculated from Ampere?s law by computing? (a) the magnetic field due to a straight wire? (b) the magnetic field in the interior of a very long solenoid.? The contours...

Compute the maximum energy flux possible for electromagnetic waves in air given the constraint that the electric field cannot exceed the breakdown field.

A wave travels to the right on a string with constant tension and a mass density that slowly increases from on the far left to on the far right. The mass density changes slowly enough that its...

Quantitatively compare the Carnot Rankine cycle of Figure 13.12(a) with the ideal Rankine cycle of Figure 13.12(b) Compare efficiencies and the work done per cycle. All the necessary information...

To get a sense of the potential practical relevance for energy purposes of one aspect of as-yet-undiscovered physics, consider proton decay. Making the most general assumptions about the nature of...

A particle of mass m and energy E encounters a triangular barrier of width 2w and height V 0 (see Figure 15.6) Estimate the probability that it will tunnel through the barrier. How does the...

(a)? Derive the large A approximation to the logarithmic energy decrement given in eq. (18.5) (b) Show that the number of collisions with a nucleus with atomic mass A required to decrease the energy...

To a first approximation for computing stopping power, living tissue can be approximated as water. Using data on the range of protons in water, estimate the energy of a proton required to place its...

Consider a situation in which, through accident or ill-intention, all the spent nuclear fuel from a years operation of a 1 GWe light water reactor were uniformly distributed across one square...

Consider building a wind turbine at a wind power class 5 site. Assume that the hub height is 50 m and the blade length is 15 m, and that the turbine operates at 50% of the maximum theoretical...

Angel Falls in Venezuela, at a height of 979 m, is the highest waterfall in the world. Ignoring air resistance, how much warmer is the water at the bottom of the falls, where the kinetic energy it...

Compare land use of hydropower to solar power by computing the ratio of power output to reservoir surface area for the Three Gorges Dam (maximum capacity 22500 MW, reservoir area 1084 km 2 ) and the...

If a horseshoe is heated in a blacksmiths furnace until it glows red hot, does the mass of the horseshoe change? If a spring is stretched to twice its equilibrium length, has its mass been altered in...

A runner traveling with an initial velocity of 2.0 m/s accelerates at a constant rate of 1.2 m/s 2 for a time of 2 seconds. a. What is his velocity at the end of this time? b. What distance does the...

Compute the time to melt 3000 m thickness of ice if there is an extra 5% of 200 W/m 2 average daily insolation for four months out of the year beyond the insolation that would give an ablation rate...

A pirate map indicates that a treasure is buried 50 paces due east and 120 paces due north of a big rock. Will you know where to dig? Explain.

A 150-g quantity of a certain metal, initially at 120C, is dropped into an insulated beaker containing 100 g of water at 20C. The final temperature of the metal and water in the beaker is measured as...

A wave pulse is transmitted down a Slinky, but the Slinky itself does not change position. Does a transfer of energy take place in this process? Explain.

What does the color of a star tell you about the star?

Describe in words how you would compute the coefficient of performance for an ideal vapor-compression cycle working between temperatures T + and T - . Assume that you have data on the thermodynamic...

Given four materials, with band gaps 0.2 eV, 0.7 eV, 1.5 eV, and 3 eV, which two are likely to make the best double-junction solar cell? Explain your answer.

Consider parallel flow over a flat plate for air at 300 K and engine oil at 380 K. The free stream velocity is u = 2 m/s. The temperature difference between the surface and the free stream is the...

A small oven consists of a cubical box of dimension L = 0.1 m, as shown. The floor of the box consists of a heater that supplies P = 400 W. The remaining walls lose heat to the surroundings outside...

The immobilized enzyme layer shown in the figure below is designed to convert substrate A to product B according to the simplified reaction A B with simplified rate equation R A = kc A . In this...

The electron-positron pair that was discussed in Chapter 2 can form a hydrogenlike system called positronium. Calculate (a) The energies of the three lowest states and (b) The wavelength of the Lyman...

An electron is in the ground state with energy E n of a one-dimensional infinite well with L = 10 -10 m. Compute the force that the electron exerts on the wall during an impact on either wall.

In a region of space, a particle has a wave function given by (x) = Ae -x2/2L 2 and energy 2 /2mL 2 , where L is some length. (a) Find the potential energy as a function of x, and sketch V versus...

A fence post is 52.0 m from where you are standing, in a direction 37.0 o north of east. A second fence post is due south from you. What is the distance of the second post from you, if the distance...

For the hydraulic lift shown in Fig. 12.7, what must be the ratio of the diameter of the vessel at the car to the diameter of the vessel where the force F 1 is applied so that a 1520-kg car can be...

For the equation, Use the partial fraction method, to find y(t). + 5 + 6y(t) = 7, (0) = 0, y(0) = 1

Find the Laplace transforms of the following functions, using the information in Table 3.1. (However, some of the individual terms in these functions may not have Laplace transforms.) (a) f(t) = 5 +...

The dynamic model for a process is given by where u(t) is the input function and y(0) and dy/dt (0) are both zero. What are the functions of the time (e.g., e t/Ï ) in the solution for each of...

The dynamic model between an output variable y and an input variable u can be expressed by (a) Does this system exhibit an oscillatory response after an arbitrary change in u? (b) What is the...

Show that the diffuse albedo for specular reflection of perpendicularly polarised radiation and confirm that this expression has the correct limiting forms as the refractive index n tends to 1 and to...

A heater for a semiconductor wafer has first-order dynamics, that is, the transfer function relating changes in temperature T to changes in the heater input power level P is where K has units [ C/Kw]...

An aerial photographic system is used for stereophotography. The film negative is a square of sides, the focal length is f, the baseline is band the photographs (which are acquired with the camera...

A single-tank process has been operating for a long period of time with the inlet flow rate q i equal to 30.1 ft 3 /min. After the operator increases the flow rate suddenly at t = 0 by 10%, the...

Consider the simulation results for PID control in Figs. 8.15 and 8.16. Note that the u I response in Fig. 8.16 changes monotonically. Do you think this feature is typical of u I responses for other...

A control system has the following transfer functions in its block diagram (see Fig. 11.8): G c =1, G v = 2, G d = G p = 2 / s(s + 4), G m = 1. For a unit step change in Y sp , determine (a) Y(s) / Y...

Derive and sketch the complete small-signal equivalent circuit for a bipolar transistor at I C = 0 . 2 mA, V CB = 3V, V CS = 4 V. Device parameters are C je 0 = 20 fF, C 0 = 10 fF, C cs 0 = 20 fF, ...

A passive microwave radiometer operating at 37 GHz has an effective area of 0.3 m 2 , and can detect a change of 0.9 K in its antenna temperature. It is operated from an altitude of 800 km to observe...

A satellite is in a circular sun-synchronous orbit with an inclination of 98.2. It makes exactly 233 orbits of the Earth in exactly 16 days, and crosses the equator southbound at 0930h local time....

A radar transmits a power of 4 kW at a wavelength of 5 cm and over a range of 800 km. If the radar can detect a received signal of 10 - 16 W, calculate the required gain of the antenna, and hence...

Prove Equation (8.16). Equation 8.16 dP, P,(t+2(h H)/c)f(h)dh dt 0-

A radar altimeter emits a pulse whose variation of power with time is Gaussian with a length of 3.00 ns between 1/e points. The pulse is reflected from a surface whose height distribution is Gaussian...

A very simplified model of the radar back scattering coefficient of a sea surface is 0 = A + Bcos 2 where is the angle between the wind direction and the radar look azimuth, and A and B are as...

A chirp signal, in which the angular frequency rises uniformly from Ï 0 ÎÏ/2 to Ï 0 + ÎÏ/2 over a time T, can be written as exp(iÏ(t)), where the phase Ï(t)...

For microwave radiation propagating vertically through the Earths atmosphere, the delay to a pulse as a result of the dry component of the atmosphere, expressed as an equivalent distance, is 2.33...

Use the data of Table 7.1 to show that the effective area of a rectangular or circular paraboloidal antenna is roughly equal to its geometrical area. Table 7.1 HPBW (degrees) D (dB) Antenna type...

The surfaces = 3, = 5, = 100, = 130, z = 3, and z = 4.5 define a closed surface. Find (a) The enclosed volume; (b) the total area of the enclosing surface; (c) The total length of the twelve...

Use the Poisson sum formula to obtain the Fourier series of the signal 4m x (t) = m -

(a) Use the Fourier transform of x(t) = exp (-t) u (t) - exp (t) u (-t) where > 0 (b) Use the result above and the relation u(t) = 1/2[sgn (t) + 1] to find Fourier transform of the unit step. (c)...

Using the results given in Table 2.1 for the Fourier coefficients of a pulse train, plot the double-sided amplitude and phase spectra for the wave forms shown in Figure 2.34. (Note that x b (t) = -x...

Write a computer program to sum the Fourier series for the signals given in Table 2.1. The number of terms in the Fourier sum should be adjustable so that one may study the convergence of each...

Sketch the single-sided and double-sided amplitude and phase spectra of the following signals: (a) x 1 (t) = 10 cos(4t + /8) + 6 sin(8t + 3/4) (b) x 2 (t) = 8 cos(2t + /3) + 4 cos(6t + /4) (c) x 3...

If five cards are drawn without replacement from an ordinary deck of cards, what is the probability that (a) Three kings and two aces result; (b) Four of a kind result; (c) All are of the same suit;...

A certain continuous random variable has the cumulative-distribution function (a) Find the proper values for A and B. (b) Obtain and plot the pdf f X (x). (c) Compute P(X > 5). (d) Compute P(4...

An ideal finite-time integrator is characterized by the input-output relationship (a) Justify that its impulse response is h(t) = 1 / T [u (t) - u (t - T)]. (b) Obtain its frequency response...

Each conductor of a two-wire transmission line has a radius of 0.5 mm; their center-to-center separation is 0.8 cm. Let f = 150 MHz, and assume and c are zero. Find the dielectric constant of the...

Determine the input resistance, voltage gain ν 0 / ν s , and output resistance of the CC amplifier of Fig. 3.23 a if R S = 5k ¦, R L = 500 ¦, and I C = 1mA....

Determine the input resistance, transconductance, output resistance, and maximum open-circuit voltage gain for the CS-CG circuit of Fig.3.38 if I D1 = I D2 = 250 A. Assume W/L=100, =0.1 V 1 , and =...

A capillary tube of 1.2 mm diameter is immersed vertically in water exposed to the atmosphere. Determine how high water will rise in the tube. Take the contact angle at the inner wall of the tube to...

Consider a large cubic ice block floating in seawater. The specific gravities of ice and seawater are 0.92 and 1.025, respectively. If a 25-cm-high portion of the ice block extends above the surface...

Repeat Problem 9.6 for the amplifier of Problem 9.4. Data from Prob. 9.6: The amplifier of Problem 9.5 is to be compensated by reducing the magnitude of the most dominant pole. (a) Calculate the...

(a) Consider the transmission of digital data at a rate of R = 50 kbps and at an error probability of P E = 10 -6 . Using the bandwidth of the main lobe as a bandwidth measure, give an estimate of...

Two radio antennas are separated by 2.0 m. Both broadcast identical 750 MHz waves. If you walk around the antennas in a circle of radius 10 m, how many maxima will you detect?

Two loudspeakers emit sound waves along the x-axis. A listener in front of both speakers hears a maximum sound intensity when speaker 2 is at the origin and speaker 1 is at x = 0.50 m. If speaker 1...

In a certain region of space the electric potential is given by V = +Ax 2 y - Bxy 2 , where A = 5.00 V/m 3 and B = 8.00 V/m 3 . Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the...

The open end of a cylindrical tank 2 ft in diameter and 3 ft high is submerged in water as shown. If the tank weights 250 lb, to what depth h will the tank submerge? The air barometric pressure is...

A client has asked you to find the pressure change in a pumping station. The outlet from the pump is 20 ft above the inlet. A Newtonian fluid is being pumped at steady state. At the inlet to the pump...

Gasoline from an under-storage storage tank leaked down onto an impermeable clay barrier and collected into a liquid pool. A simplified picture of the situation is provided in the figure below....

Two immiscible fluids are flowing down between two flat, infinitely long flat parallel plates as shown in the figure below. The plate on the left is moving down with a velocity of v A , and the plate...

A large amount of energy E is suddenly released in the air as in a point of explosion. Experimental evidence suggests that the radius r of the high-pressure blast wave depends on time t as well as...

The drag coefficient for a smooth sphere is shown below. Determine the speed at the critical Reynolds number for a 42-mm-diameter sphere in air. 0.5 0.4 0.3 CD 0.2 0.1 103 104 105 107 106 Re = Dv/v

A centrifugal pump with an impeller diameter of 0.18 m is to be used to pump water (Ï = 1000 kg/m 3 ) with the pump inlet located 3.8 m above the surface of the supply reservoir. At a flow rate...

Solve Problem 17.33 if the convective heat-transfer coefficient is increased to 60 Btu/h ft 2 F by forcing air past the tube surface. Data From Problem 17.33 A 1-in.-OD steel tube has its outside...

In the curing of rubber tires, the vulcanization process requires that a tire carcass, originally at 295 K, be heated so that its central layer reaches a minimum temperature of 410 K. This heating is...

One step in the manufacture of silicon wafers used in the microelectronics industry is the melt crystallization of silicon into a crystalline silicon ingot. This process is carried out within a...

The fuel plates in a nuclear reactor are 4 ft long and stacked with a 1/2-in. gap between them. The heat flux along the plate surfaces varies sinusoidally according to the equation where...

Water, at 60F, enters a 1-in.-ID tube that is used to cool a nuclear reactor. The water flow rate is 30 gal/min. Determine the total heat transfer and the exiting water temperature for a 15-ft-long...

Copper wire with a diameter of 0.5 cm is covered with 0.65-cm layer of insulating material having a thermal conductivity of 0.242 W/m K. The air adjacent to the insulation is at 290 K. If the wire...

Hot polymer beads are being cooled by allowing them to settle slowly in a long cylindrical tank of water maintained at 30°C as shown in the figure. In this process, 1-cm-diameter spherical beads...

If eight tubes of the size designated in Problem 21.13 are arranged in a vertical bank and the flow is assumed laminar, determine a. The average heat-transfer coefficient for the bank b. The...