Operating System Questions and Answers May 15, 2021

Explain the architecture of these multicore processor computers, their performance, features and specialty ? 1. Hardware Performance Issues 2. Software Performance Issues 3. Multicore Organization 4. Heterogeneous Multicore Organization 5. Intel Core i7-990X 6. ARM Cortex-A15 MP Core 7. IBM enterprise EC12 Mainframe

Explain how the address below is come up with, and explain formulas for the particular numbers?

Even twolevel paging scheme not sufficient If page size is 4 KB (22) Then page table has 252 entries If two level scheme, inner page tables could be 210 4byte entries Address would look like outer page P 42 inner page P2 10 offset d 12 Outer page table has 242 entries or 244 bytes One solution is to add a 2nd outer page table But in the following

Consider a memory hierarchy with a 3 level system cache and main memory. The cache levels L1, L2, L3 are arranged from the fastest to the slowest memory, and main memory (RAM) is over 1 order of magnitude slower than the slowest L3 cache level. Memory and the cache levels have the following properties L1 L2 L3 ERINE Main Memory (RAM) Access Time

Explain long-term memory loss within the context of the three-store memory theory and levels of processing memory theory. Finally, explain strategies you might use to improve your long-term memory function.

Consider a computer system consists of a level 1 cache memory (L1) and a main memory (MM). L1 has a hit time of 5 ns and a miss rate of 30. The latency of accessing a block of data in MM is 250 ns. (a) Determine the average memory access time (AMAT) of the system (in terms of ns). (b) There are two design options to improve the performance of the

Explain the principles behind virtual memory with paging and how it works for a single level page table. List two key advantages and one key disadvantage of virtual memory.

A researcher wanted to investigate a person's performance after suffering from sleep deprivation, with two types of people who suffer from insomnia. In group one, 40 people were allowed to sleep for five hours, in group two, 35 people were given three hours. Then performance was measured by performing a memory test with a standard population

The average memory access time for a microprocessor with 1 level of cache is 3 clock cycles - If data is present and valid in the cache, it can be found in 1 clock cycle - If data is not found in the cache, 60 clock cycles are needed to get it from off-chip memory Designers are trying to improve the average memory access time to obtain a 50%

Suppose that the processor has access to two levels of memory. Level 1 contains X words and has an access time of 0.03 us; level 2 contains 1000X words and has an access time of 0.3 us. Also, suppose that 90% of the memory accesses are found in Level 1. Then answer the following: a) Calculate Hit ratio (H) b) Find access efficiency

What would be the average time to access 1 byte of data if 45% of memory accesses are at level 1, time to access level 1 memory is 0.05 Nano second and 0.09 to access level 2 memory?

A computer has 64-bit virtual addresses, byte-addressed memory, 1 Kbyte page size, 16 M page frames in main memory, and has 8 bits of metadata about each page. 1 .A program for this computer uses a total of 8 consecutive pages of virtual memory to hold all of its instructions and data. How many bytes of main memory will be consumed for the page

Consider a memory system with 4way set associative cache of size 8K bytes. Cache block size is 8 bytes. Processor sends out 32bit memory address to readwrite required instruction or data. Index V. Tag Data Index 32bit Address Byte offer V Tag Data V. Tag Data How many blocks exist in the cache How many sets are in the cache ( What is the number of

A program has 2,000 loads and stores 1,250 of these data values in cache Rest supplied by other levels of memory hierarchy What are the hit and miss rates for the cache? What is the AMAT for the previous program if the processor has 2 levels of hierarchy: Cache: Tcache = 1 cycle Main memory Tmm = 100 cycles

In a multilevel cache system, the CPU first sends the memory request to level 1 cache. If it is a cache hit, the data is transferred to the CPU. If it is a cache miss, the CPU will send the same memory request to level 2 cache. If it is still a cache miss there, the CPU will further send the memory request to lower level caches until a cache hit

Given the following cache performance parameters hit time 2 ns, miss rate 0.1, miss penalty 10 ns. We are designing a fast memory system. (10 pts) a. What is the average access time of the memory system b.If we add a level two cache with the following performance parameters hit time 3 ns, miss rate 0.04, miss penalty 10 ns, what is the new

What are the main three levels of memory heirarchy Explain the new STTRAM, PCRAM, and ReRAM, show their position relatively to the three main levels of memory heirarchy.

Assume a memory hierarchy with two levels of cache, L1 and L2. a. What is the miss rate (MR1) for L1 if there are 75 misses per 1000 memory references? b. What is the miss rate (MR2) for L2 if there are 50 misses per 1000 memory references? c. What is the global miss rate of the cache hierarchy? d. Compute the AMAT if HT1 = 1 clock cycle, HT2 = 10

Core memory consists of the CPU and arithmetic logic unit but not the attached cache memory. On the Internet or using academic sources, research the design of multi-core memory and identify the roles played by cache memory Level 1 and Level 2. Does the implementation of cache memory on multicore chips vary from one manufacturer to another? Explain

Explain the working, characteristics and applications of shape memory alloys. What are the two types of shape memory behavior of these alloys?

Define and discussed two physiology terms how does prospective memory and retrospective memory relate to you?

Consider a memory hierachy with two cache levels L1 and L2, L1 with a miss rate of 9% and L2 with a miss rate of 4% and an access time of 8 clock cycles. The main memory has an access time of 40 clock cycles. Assume that 29% of the instructions are loads and stores. The execution CPI is 1.0. Compute the value for the CPI taking into account the

Use four factors to differentiate between semi conductor memory systems and Magnetic memory systems and discuss their respective strengths Explain two weaknesses of each system and suggest ways by which each of these weaknesses can be improved Discuss the merits and the demerits of assembly language programming as compared to the high level

Consider the memory hierarchy Given the following information, estimate its average memory latency. Also assume peak main memory bandwidth. Ic and De L2 cache Latency 1 ns, hit ratio 0.95 (assume the same for both caches) Cache line 32 B, latency 3 ns, hit ratio 0.9 Main memory 400 MHz SDRAM, 32bit (4B) data bus,Level 1 Block transfer (e.g., 8B)

A certain processor has access to three levels of memory. The access time of Level 1 memory is 10 ns. The access time of Level 2 memory is 50 ns. The access time of Level 3 memory is 200 ns. Assume the hit ratio of Level 1 is 0.8. The hit ratio of Level 2 is 0.95. If a word to be accessed is in Level 1 memory, it can be accessed directly; if it is

Approximately 50% of all caregivers of older adults are caring for someone with memory loss (due to issues such as Alzheimer's or dementia). It is believed that there has been a reduction in the percentage of caregivers caring for older adults with memory loss. This year, in a random sample of 400 caregivers, 178 were caring for older adults with

Sharing procedures and data can reduce the main memory demands of jobs, thus enabling a higher level of multiprogramming. Indicate how a sharing mechanism might be implemented for each of the following schemes. If you feel that sharing is appropriate for certain schemes, say so and explain why. You should answer given schemes: fixed-partition

What is a cache. For memory level k and K1, which memory serves as the cache.. Why do memory hierarchy works. Explain Cache Hit(at level k) and Cache Miss (at level k) according to the diagram. Level 1 Request 12 Request 12 13 14 15 Using the diagram explain Placementpolicy and Replacementpolicy. 5 pts. What are the three types of Cache misses

Design an instruction decoder using the gate level constructs and test using Xilinx simulator. Design and simulate the Behavioral Model for the instruction decoder. The report should include the Verilog codes screenshots and simulation waveform screenshots for the design. Code should have your name as the engineer and date of creation Mnemonic

Multilevel caching is an important technique to overcome the limited amount of space that a first level cache can provide while still maintaining its speed. Consider a 2GHz processor with the following parameters: Base CPI, No memory stalls Main Memory Access Time First Level cache Miss Rate Second Level Direct Mapped Cache Speed Global Miss Rate

Imagine that you are an experimenter interested in whether a certain type of vitamin can improve working memory performance. You randomly assign participants to one of two groups. In one group they take the vitamin before completing a working memory task. In the other group they take a placebo (sugar pill) before completing the working memory

Determine the type of cache memory (i.e., Level 1, Level 2, or another type) that resides on a computer that you own or on a computer that you would consider purchasing. Examine the primary manner in which the type of cache memory that you have identified interfaces with the CPU and memory on your computer. Determine which type of cache memory is

Code a descriptor that describes a memory segment that begins at location 0005CF00h and ends at location 00060EFFh. The memory segment is a data segment that grows upward in the memory system and can be written. The segment has a user level privilege (lowest) and has not been accessed. The descriptor is for an 80386 microprocessor.

Suppose a computer system has a memory organization with 2 lengths of hierarchy as a cache and main memory what is the average memory access time for this computer given the table below Memory Level Access Time (Cycle) Miss Rate Cache 1 10% Main Memory 100 0%

For the following datapath and control design QUA Insn Mem Register File Rwe Rds BR ALLINB Data Mem Rad ALUOP DMwe Control (a) Why the PC register is increased by 4 not 1 (b) What is the two possible addresses that can be stored in the PC register if the value of BR is equal to 1 (c) Determine the value of control signals if we want to execute lw

Why main-memory disk hierarchy is called virtual memory? What are the two motivations behind the development of virtual memory schemes and which one is still relevant? With the help of a diagram for the three level hierarchy of translation lookaside buffer (TLB), in main memory as well as on secondary storage, explain how a virtual dirty bits

How does levels of processing differ from other models of memory (e.g. Buffer model) in terms of how memories are represented? Provide one example of a shallow level of processing and contrast it with one example of a deep level of processing . How does distinctiveness influence memory? Provide a real world (applied) example of how distinctiveness

A CPU is accessing a two-level memory. Access time to second level memory is 40 ns. The CPU first accesses the first level, if there's not it accesses the second level, for the data sought. The probability of finding the searched data in the first level memory is 0.80. The average access time to information for this memory system is 20 ns.

Suppose a direct-mapped cache uses a 16K L1 memory and a 256K L2 memory. How many of the L2 address bits will L1 use as tag bits?

Suppose that you are told that a system with one level of cache has an average memory access time of 3.2 clock cycles. A memory access that results in a cache hit requires one clock cycle, while a memory access that results in a cache miss requires 60 clock cycles. What is the cache miss rate You are considering adding a second level of cache.

Write a machine level LC-3 program that finds the 2's complement of a number stored IN memory (location x301F) and stores the result back in memory (location x301E). Write a machine level LC-3 program that searches for odd numbers in memory locations ranging from x3100 to x3109 (inclusive). Set R0 to be the number of the odd numbers that are

There are two main types of Random Access Memory (RAM). Differentiate the both types. Cache memory is designed to combine the memory access time of expensive, high speed memory combined with the large memory size of less expensive, lowerspeed memory. Figure Q54(b) shows a single cache and threelevel cache organization connected to CPU and main

Computers have evolved, the complexity of operating systems has increased in load and in the types of functions that the operating system supports in the execution of application programs on the computer. With the expansion of the role of operating systems, new models and designs have emerged. Investigate the library and Internet for information

Name of the specific surveillance system that is measuring and tracking the objective A description of how the objective is being measured and tracked Sample of specific questions, data sets, and surveillance methods being used to measure the objective A clear statement on how effective these procedures are for measuring and tracking the

Compare the main features of the operate to failure maintenance strategy and fixed time maintenance strategy? Describe the various elements of the maintenance steering group(MSG) program in detail and how they relate to large aircraft program development?

A microscopic imaging system uses a blue light source at =450 nm. The imaging objective lens has a diameter of 5.6-mm. What focal length should the objective lens have in order to resolve small features of 1.0 m in size?

An airline company has two types of airplane, KT1 and KT2. The company has a contract with a travel agency to provide seats for at least 2,000 firstclass, 1,500 businessclass and 2,400 economy class passengers. The operating costs for KT1 is RM15,000 per km and can accommodate 40 firstclass, 40 business class and 120 economyclass passengers.

The Power-system analysis is mainly performed to predict the performance of an existing systems or system is being plan. It is performed to fulfill different objectives of industrial plant namely safety, reliable service, high-power quality, and low capital and operating costs. To plan 66KV industrial power system, different kind of power system

Your team mate on the European CIRT needs help installing log tracer on the SIFT work station. provided your team mate step-by-step instruction on how to install the tool with screen shots of the tool working correctly using your event logs from your system. Note, provide a screen shoot of the tool working with your logs.

Select strategic business objectives and for each strategic business objective describe how you would use which information system to achieve the objective

Computers play an essential role in our lives thanks to the graphical operating systems that run on computers. Although the operating systems facilitate our interaction with computers, some issues and challenges need to be solved. write a research paper to discuss following operating systems' problems. Computer and operating system structures

Identify the corner points for the system of linear inequalities given. Explain how you found them and how you know they are corner points. 20 f(x) g(x) 20 10, 15 5 10 5 10 S 5 x 10 15 20 20 f(x)3x18 g(x)x Suppose the objective function for the given system is P 7x 4y. Which corner point maximizes the objective function Explain why.

The accounting department of Dallah hospital maintains AIS for their financial statements and reports. Imagine that you are appointed as the auditor to audit the organizations AIS. a. As an auditor what are your objectives in conducting the accounting information system audits? Explain. b. What are the concurrent audit techniques that you would

Operating System is a program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware DISCUSS the goals of the operating system. LIST the types of system calls provided by an operating system .Explain how each provides convenience to the users. The main objective of multiprogramming is to have some process running at

Suppose reviewed the operating system as not only the results of your department's business but also as a tool to use for future planning. One objective to improve profit would be to increase sales for your department. Share three examples of how you as a buyer might increase sales for your department for the future.

Write an example of the topic. 1. Control systems 2. Feedforward control 3. Concurrent control 4. Feedback control 5. Operating budget 6. Management by objectives (MBO0 7. Balanced scorecard 8. Bureaucratic control 9. Clan control 10. Organizational change 11. Evolutionary change 12. Revolutionary change 13. Top-down change 14. Bottom-up change

Suppose a company operating in the pharmaceutical industry in France. This company is considering launching a 'nasal spray' used to treat allergic rhinitis. Chemists working in the company developed a special bottle that protects the spray from hot weather and a 20 ml design that can be carried easily. Considering these explanations, answer the

In microscopy why is it important for a microscope to reach the focal plane when observing a microscopic organism? Does the field of view increase or decrease when you go from a low power objective to a high power objective when operating a microscope in the lab? Does the working distance increase or decrease when you go from a low power objective

Consider a lamp equipped with a dimmer in a room with one window. The objective is to maintain a constant level of brightness in the room. Identify the control inputs, the outputs, and the disturbances. Describe a control system to achieve the desired objective and identify whether your control system is open-loop or closed-loop.

One of the vineyards in the Village of Skaneateles recently installed a PFRtype treatment system to remove fertilizers from stormwater runoff. Following the original design concept, the fraction of fertilizers (CC) remaining in the PFR effluent was expected to be 0.02 however, the measured CC value was 0.06 under typical treatment conditions. To

The iPhone iOS operating system is being tested against the Android 10 operating system to determine which operating system experiences fewer system failures. Fifteen out of a random sample of 150 phones using the iOS operating system experienced system failures within the first eight hours of operation. Nine out of a random sample of 140 phones

The Logistics team will have to develop warehousing strategies with layouts and designs that sup objectives as well as storage system that will minimise the handling of the goods. The storage system sh on movement and not storage.

Suppose a power system which operates three generators to serve its load (800 MW in total) Generators Cost Curve P max P min Unit 1 P1 =101+7.5 P 1 +0.025 P 1 2 300MW 150MW Unit 2 P2 =31+11 P 2 +0. 05P2 2 300MW 200MW Unit 3 P3 =78+2.0 P 3 +0.05 P 3 2 400MW 100MW 1. What is the goal of economic dispatch? Formulate it mathematically. Explicitly

max

The Government of South Australia is considering developing a nuclear waste storage site in a remote area of the state. Go through the steps of problem formulation for this project using the below table as a guide. Include in this process a list of the background data that you would require in order to adequately formulate the problem. Action

A person is responsible for selecting an electronic CAE package to do schematic capture, printed circuit board design, and design simulation. The preliminary selection comes up with the high performance packages Newton Graphics (NEWT), cadence (CAD), and Racal Redact (RAC). The objective that effect the final decision are (i) initial cost of the

Explain each of the following types of operating systems and whether or not they can provide true parallelism or only concurrency in the execution of processes. -Batch Serial Operating System -Multiprogramming Operating system -Multitasking Operating system -Multiprocessing Operating system For examples and ideas, both multiprogramming and

Consider the paraxial layout of an optical system for a video microscope. In such a microscope, an objective lens is used to form an image directly onto a CCD detector (there is no eyepiece). The image is then viewed on a video monitor connected to the CCD. a) For a 5 mm focal length, 0.1 NAO, objective operating at an optical tube length of 200

Analyze multiuser computer operating systems. The performance of all elements is to a standard that allows for further learning in this area. Conduct the following tasks. Hunu Plan the installation of system software for a multiuser networked operating system Install a multiuser networked operating system Configure a multiuser networked operating

The government decided to use Information Technology to achieve greater operational efficiency. Within this context, the government extends a contract as an advisor to carry out research on automated systems in operation in other countries that achieve the objective of maximizing operational efficiency for a particular activity. The parameters and

Briefly explain the difference between maintenance and maintenance concept. Describe in details a system approach in maintenance engineering. Trip is a welding company situated in Limpopo. The company operate 24 hours a day for five days in a week. The company is not operating on weekends. In one week of February 2023, the welding machine failed

Operating systems have evolved from slow and expensive systems to present-day technology where computing power has reached exponential speeds and relatively inexpensive costs. In the beginning, computers were manually loaded with program code to control computer functions and process code related to business logic. This type of computing

Design and introduce a system of Management by Objectives into a major mining company that operates 25 mines around the world. Outline the key features of such a program and its advantages and disadvantages to the company. Would this approach be useful to improve employee satisfaction in the organisation? Would it be useful for improving

1) State the type number of the system. b. Determine the values for and 0 for this second-order system. c. Determine the percent overshoot for a step-function input to the system. d. Sketch the signal diagram for the system in observer canonical form.

For the following transfer function Y(s) S4 X(s) s 6s 16 T(s)

Discuss what market share current single user operating systems and server operating systems have in the operating system market and how you think this could change in the future. Please Include percentages and why these operating systems are used.

Make an system an introduction about E-Library System that all books are can be downloaded through the website/system. and also Objectives and Significance of the study.

Structures of Operating system With a well labelled diagram, briefly describe the "Simple Structure of the Operating System Identify the other structures of the operating system and briefly explain them. (no diagrams requires) Explain the categories of the System Call feature of the Operating System

Software provides the interconnections to many system elements. The objective of testing software is verification or validation of the software. Develop an operational test plan for the software system, for the system of your choice. The test plan should include a purpose, a description of no more than five tests, and a linkage between each test

Describe the differences between a real-time operating system and a non-real-time operating system including in the areas of process/thread scheduling. Why not use real-time operating systems for every system, including laptops and desktop PCs?

Major decisions faced by a manager of a business, focus on the best way to achieve the objectives of the firm, subject to the restrictions placed on the manager by the operating environment. Which objectives apply in the organization you chose and what are the limiting factors in acquiring such objective?

In order to develop right cybersecurity strategy for an organization, what key elements must be considered? Name at least three of them. What is Australian Energy Sector Cyber Security Framework (AESCSF)? Mention how the main objectives of the framework contributes protecting security of the energy sector? Mention at least one method, how one

A frequency-diversity microwave system operates at an RF carrier frequency of 7.4 GHz. The IF is a low-index frequency-modulated subcarrier. The baseband signal is a single master group FDM system. The antennas are 2.4-m parabolic dishes. The feeder lengths are 120 mat one station and 80 m at the other station. The reliability objective is

Relate each of the following system applications Enterprise Systems (ERP), Supply Chain Management Information Systems and Customer Relationship Management Systems with one strategic business objective (justify your choice), and using an example (real or fictitious) illustrate the use of Decision Support Systems in each of these applications to

What are the benefits of thinking of controls in terms of a layering approach? Identify three examples of IT threats for each of the following exposures: disclosure, modification and destruction. Choose an auditing instance concerning the physical security of an IT center and develop a brief control objective and an auditing objective for it. You

User iPhone operating system Interface System Calls in iPhone operating system iPhone operating system Structure Multitasking in iPhone operating system IPC Systems in iPhone operating system Multithreaded in iPhone operating system Scheduling Algorithms in iPhone operating system Synchronization Tools in iPhone operating system

Introduced the importance of systems (the systems approach to management) and module 4 elaborates on several types of quality management system (QMS) standards. Explain the following systems terminologies with the aid of practical examples: systems approach to management system elements and subsystems system objectives system environment and

What is File System Permissions in Linux Operating Systems? What are File System Permissions in Windows Operating Systems? Define each permission briefly? What are Groups in Windows Operating System and describe three different types of Groups in Windows Operating Systems? Which Operating System is the most used operating system on the front end

Two memory boards are connected to the processor of a computer, Suppose we wish to add two values placed in the two memory banks. One memory bank is 0.1 m from the processor and the second is 0.15 m from the processor can add two values in 10ns. Propagation on the transmission lines connecting the processor to memory bank is at 0.2c. What is the

A company orders the memory for their devices from two suppliers. Supplier A supplies 82% of the memory while supplier B supplies the remainder. Previous testing has shown that 1.1% of Supplier A's memory is defective and 1.9% of Supplier B's memory is defective. A randomly selected memory chip is defective. Find the probability it came from

Locality of reference, performance, and cost are three reasons for a computer to have the memory hierarchy. In your opinion, which of them is the most important reason? Why? Assume a computer does not have level 3 memory or level 4 memory; will this computer still be able to work properly? Provide at least 1 example

Consider the figures a) and b) below. Which of the figures shows logic levels of input and which is output logic levels (of the same family) Explain Mark the voltage levels with Varmin, Voumax 5.0 V Logic 1 unpredictable Logic 0 5.0 V 24 V b) Figure to the right shows two RAM integrated circuits together with a decoder. What is the capacity of the

Prove that the matched filter is the optimum receiver in the presence of AWGN, and that it is equivalent to the correlator receiver?

It is required to design an optimum receiver for a digital communication system. Assume that the channel has noise w(t) which is AWGN with PSD of N 0 /2 a) If the pulse-shaping filter g(t) is defined as Draw the impulse response, h(t) of the optimum receiver. (Label your figure properly) b) Find the output of the matched filter go(t) , i.e. g(t) *

g(t) 0 2 4 2 0.5 1, 0.5 t1 otherwise 0,

It is required to design an optimum receiver for a digital communication system. Assume that the channel has noise w(t) which is AWGN with PSD of N 0 /2. The pulse-shaping filter g(t) is defined as The receiver filter has the following impulse response, instead of the optimum filter: a) Find the output of the receiver filter g o (t) i.e. g(t) * h

1, 0t 0.5 g(t) ( 1,0.5 t 1 t1 0, otherwise

Consider the signals s(t) defined as a) Determine the impulse response of the Matched Filter for this signal. b) Draw the Matched Filter as function of time. c) Determine the output of the Matched Filter at t = T d) Suppose the signal s(t) passes through a correlator that correlates s(t) with s(t) . Determine the correlator's output at t = T, and

s(t)22tTb. 0, 0tTb2 Tb2 t T otherwise

The following transaction runs in a highly concurrent database application (for example, sales order processing). UPDATE customer SET discount = discount+0.03 WHERE customerArea = 'Glasgow' COMMIT; i. Assume the UPDATE fails to COMMIT and is unable to fully complete its execution. Explain the effect this might have on database integrity, assuming

Due to their ubiquity and need, databases are accessed by many users and in a concurrent fashion across the enterprise. Through our readings, we know that transaction logs help maintain concurrency in a multiuser platform. Present at least two business scenarios where COMMIT and ROLLBACK would be required. How are these functions essential for

Student Name Instructor Concurrency Control Techniques Evaluation Date,Discuss the following concurrency protocols in details (e.g. definitions, rules, pseudo code, examples) A. Binary locking B. Shared exclusive locking C. Twophase locking D. Timestamp locking Discuss, how to deal with deadlock and starvation

According to the conflicts and failure in transactions processing, the need of concurrency control and recovery appeared. Discuss the differences between concurrency control and recovery in terms of: The purposes. The algorithms. The problems.

1. Explain the how a database transactions works. Why do we need rollbacks and commits 2. Provide an example of how a database transaction processes data by using a real world example. 3. Describe how the DBMS controls concurrent access and explain problems that are associated with inadequate concurrency control. 4. Compare advantages and

Consider transactions T1, T2, T3 with timestamps 10, 20, and 30, respectively in a database system that follows multi-version concurrency control protocol. T1 is a reader and T2 and T3 are writer transactions. Provide a schedule in which the multi-version concurrency control method restarts T2.

Discuss the types of operations that can be represented in a precedence graph in concurrency control of transactions. With examples,