Psychology For Medicine And Healthcare 2nd Edition Susan Ayers, Richard De Visser - Solutions

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According to Descartes, how does a reflex work? Use the example of the boy putting his foot in a fire.
Explain why Descartes is considered both a rationalist and a nativist.
Explain what it means to advocate a Baconian inductive strategy for gaining knowledge of human behavior.
Distinguish between a heliocentric and a geocentric model of the universe, and explain why advocating the former earned Galileo a charge of heresy.
How did a “mechanistic” zeitgeist influence Descartes’s thinking?
What did Ebbinghaus mean when he said that psychology had a long past but a short history?
In Telling the Truth about History, the authors describe the process of arriving at historical truth in Darwinian terms.Explain what they mean, and explain why they would argue that although absolute truth might not be reachable, some historical accounts are “truer” than others.
Use the example of Boring’s famous text to illustrate the interpretation problems that face historians.
Give examples from psychology’s history that illustrate the data selection problems that all historians face.
Distinguish between “the past” and “history.”
Distinguish between primary and secondary sources of information, and describe some of the primary sources likely to be found in an archive.
What is a naturalistic approach to history, and what kinds of evidence are used to support this approach?
What is a personalistic history, how is it related to the concept of an eponym, and what are its limitations?
Distinguish between internal and external histories.Use the example from cognitive psychology to illustrate the point.
Explain why a historicist approach to history is sometimes called a contextualized history.
Define presentism, give an example of presentist thinking, and explain the dangers of this manner of looking at history.
Use Triplett’s study as a way to explain the concept of an origin myth.
What is the point made by Boorstin in his essay “The Prison of the Present”?
Explain why it is important for students of psychology to understand psychology’s history.
Explain why “understanding the present” is a more compelling reason for studying history than the traditional arguments about avoiding the mistakes of the past and predicting the future.
Outline three psychological specialties and discuss their potential application to healthcare.
What is unconditional positive regard and from which theory or theories does it originate?
Outline three psychological interventions used in medical settings and discuss whether these are effective.
Describe the five core features of counselling.
Briefly outline the three core principles of psychodynamic therapy.
What is a formulation and what is its role in psychotherapy?
Briefly compare and contrast behavioural and cognitive techniques for treating psychological problems.
Outline the cognitive theory of depression and discuss the role of the depressogenic triad of negative beliefs.
Describe the core features of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT).
Describe third wave cognitive therapies and illustrate this with an example.
Outline the SPIKES model for giving bad news.
Discuss the key communication skills for closing a clinical interview.
What communication skills are useful for diffusing anger in clinical settings?
Outline the six main points for good clinical practice when conducting a physical examination.
Describe the key communication skills for effective information gathering in clinical interviews.
Outline the Calgary-Cambridge model of clinical interviewing and illustrate it with the communication skills that are relevant to the different stages of the interview.
Discuss the evidence that clinicians’ communication affects patient outcomes.
Describe the patient-centred clinical method for clinical interviews.
How do our characteristics of speech influence communication?
Describe three types of nonverbal behaviour and discuss how these are relevant to clinical practice.
Better practitioner–patient communication leads to better patient outcomes. Outline the mechanisms that explain this link.
Describe the characteristics of shared decision making as identified by Charles et al.(1997).
Describe the different purposes of practitioner–patient communication.
Outline the range of factors which influence adherence to a prescribed treatment.
Describe the differences between intentional and unintentional non-adherence.
What is meant by the hierarchy of evidence in EBP? What distinguishes sources of evidence higher in the hierarchy from those further down?
Why is it important for medical professionals to practise EBP?
Give a definition of evidence-based practice (EBP).
Outline the purposes and practices of neuropsychological rehabilitation.
Why is a thorough neuropsychological assessment for rehabilitation necessary? What procedures are used in this assessment?
Choose one neurological disorder. Outline its causes, physical and psychological symptoms, and prospects for treatment.
Why are combinations of drug therapy and psychotherapy often more effective than either treatment mode in isolation?
Briefly describe the applicability of drug therapy, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy for psychiatric disorders. Discuss the success rates of each.
What is assessed by the Mental State Examination? How is this done?
Choose one psychiatric disorder. Outline its key features, causes, and treatment options.
Describe the ‘three Ps’ related to the onset and progression of psychiatric disorders.
Which psychological interventions are effective adjunctive treatments for chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease? What aspects of patient wellbeing and behaviour do they affect?
What is the psychological impact of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease?
Outline the psychological interventions that might be effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence.
Discuss the specific psychological challenges that may occur in men with prostate or testicular cancer.
How has the prevalence of STIs changed over time? What factors may contribute to this?
What psychological interventions are effective at promoting safer sex?
What are the possible causes of chronic pelvic pain? What impact does chronic pelvic pain have on women?
How might the increasing use of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV affect rates of other STIs?
What impact – according to the evidence – does sexual coercion or abuse have on people?
What is sexual health? Describe three components of sexual health.
How might prolonged stress lead to endocrine disorders?
Consider the evidence that ‘Anabolic steroid use makes men more violent’.
Choose one endocrine disorder. Outline its common psychosocial symptoms.
Describe the main psychological problems that can arise during pregnancy and after birth.
Outline women’s psychological responses to miscarriage and stillbirth. Why do these responses occur?
Discuss which factors are important in women’s experiences of birth.
Discuss psychosocial factors important in pregnancy outcomes.
Describe the psychosocial impact of menopause.
What strategies can be used to help women manage PMS or PMDD?
Describe the psychological and cultural factors that affect symptoms of menstruation, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
Discuss the role of psychosocial factors in one GI disorder.
What is the difference between alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse?
How does alcohol use and misuse affect health?
How do we define obesity? Outline five different types of causes of obesity.
Outline three eating disorders and discuss what causes them.
What constitutes a healthy diet?
How does diet affect health?
Why is a biopsychosocial approach important in GI illness? Illustrate your answer with reference to one specific GI illness.
What is the relationship between stress and GI function?
Describe the brain–gut axis.
Compare and contrast the role of psychosocial factors in cardiovascular and respiratory disease.
Outline why self-management interventions are effective in treating asthma.
Compare the relative importance of psychological and biological factors for asthma onset and episodes.
Describe how psychosocial factors influence the susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections.
How is the relationship between breathing and emotions reciprocal? What is the clinical relevance of this observation?
Outline the factors associated with delays to seeking treatment for CHD and nonadherence to treatment regimens.
Describe the common psychological responses to cardiovascular disease. Outline the impact of psychological interventions on physical and psychological wellbeing.
How do individual differences in a cardiac reactivity to stress affect the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Outline the major psychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the magnitude of their effect on CHD risk.
Describe three pathways by which psychosocial factors will influence the onset and progression of heart disease.
‘Every person with cancer should join a support group’. Give arguments for and against this statement.
How do psychosocial factors like coping and social support affect cancer progression?
Outline the important psychosocial risk factors for cancer onset.
Why are psychological interventions useful for treating skin disorders?

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Psychology For Medicine And Healthcare 2nd Edition Susan Ayers, Richard De Visser - Solutions

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