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physics
mechanics
Physics 5th edition James S. Walker - Solutions
What is the distance fallen for a freely falling object 1 s after being dropped from a rest position? What is the distance for a 4-s drop?
Wet your finger and rub it slowly around the rim of a thinrimmed, stemmed wine glass while you hold the base of the glass firmly to a tabletop with your other hand. The friction of your finger will excite standing waves in the glass, much like the wave made on the strings of a violin by the
What is the speed of a water wave of frequency 2 Hz and wavelength 1.5 m?
How fast does a 200-Hz sound wave with a wavelength of 1.7 m travel?
Rank the pitches heard from the siren of a fire engine, from highest to lowest, when the fire engine is traveling (a) Toward the listener at 30 km/h. (b) Toward the listener at 50 km/h. (c) Away from the listener at 20 km/h.
Does the period of a pendulum depend on the mass of the bob? On the length of the string?
If a pendulum is shortened, does its frequency increase or decrease? What about its period?
What happens to the period of a wave when the frequency decreases?
What happens to the wavelength of a wave when the frequency decreases?
If the speed of a wave doubles while the frequency remains the same, what happens to the wavelength?
If the speed of a wave doubles while the wavelength remains the same, what happens to the frequency?
A rowboat heads directly across a river at a speed of 3 m/s. Convince your classmates that if the river flows at 4 m/s, the speed of the boat relative to the riverbank is 5 m/s.
What kind of motion should you impart to the nozzle of a garden hose so that the resulting stream of water approximates a sine curve?
What kind of wave is each of the following? (a) The sound of one whale calling another whale under water. (b) A pulse sent down a stretched rope by snapping one end of it. (c) The vibrations in a guitar string.
Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light. Which has the higher frequency?
How does the frequency of vibration of a small object floating in water compare with the number of waves passing it each second?
What is the source of mechanical waves? Of electromagnetic waves?
How many nodes, not including the endpoints, are there in a standing wave that is two wavelengths long? Three wavelengths long?
Why is lightning seen before thunder is heard?
Violinists sometimes bow a string to produce maximum vibration (antinodes) at one-quarter and three-quarters of the string length rather than at the middle of the string. Then the string vibrates with a wavelength equal to the string length rather than twice the string length. (See Figure 19.13 a.
A bat chirps as it flies toward a wall. Is the frequency of the echoed chirps it receives higher than, lower than, or the same as the emitted ones?
When you blow your horn while driving toward a stationary listener, the listener hears an increase in the frequency of the horn. Would the listener hear an increase in the horn frequency if he or she were also in a car traveling at the same speed in the same direction as you are? Explain.
What is the effect of air resistance on the acceleration of falling objects?
How does the Doppler effect aid police in detecting speeding motorists?
Would it be correct to say that the Doppler effect is the apparent change in the speed of a wave due to motion of the source? (Why is this question a test of reading comprehension as well as a test of physics knowledge?)
What can you say about the speed of a boat that makes a bow wave?
Imagine a superfast fish that is able to swim faster than the speed of sound in water. Would such a fish produce a "sonic boom"?
A heavy person and a light person swing to and fro on swings of the same length. Discuss who has the longer period?
Discuss how some learners confuse the two terms wave speed and wave frequency when they assume that the terms refer to the same thing?
Astronomers find that light emitted by a particular element at one edge of the Sun has a slightly higher frequency than light from that element at the opposite edge. What do these measurements tell us about the Sun's motion?
What is a wiggle in time called? What do you call a wiggle in space and time?
What is the source of all waves?
What is meant by the period of a pendulum?
An airplane with an airspeed of 120 km/h encounters a 90-km/h crosswind. Convince your classmates that the plane's groundspeed is 150 km/h.
Which has the longer period: a short or a long pendulum?
How does a sine curve relate to the wave description?
Distinguish among these different aspects of a wave: period, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency?
How many vibrations per second are represented in a radio wave of 101.7 MHz?
How do frequency and period relate to each other?
Does the medium in which a wave travels move with the wave?
In what direction are the vibrations relative to the direction of wave travel in a transverse wave?
In what direction are the vibrations relative to the direction of wave travel in a longitudinal wave?
The wavelength of a transverse wave is the distance between successive crests (or troughs). What is the wavelength of a longitudinal wave?
What is the relationship among frequency, wavelength, and wave speed?
If a distance d has units of meters, and a time T has units of seconds, does the quantity T + d make sense physically? What about the quantity d/T? Explain in both cases.
Give an order-of-magnitude estimate for the time in seconds of the following: (a) A year; (b) A baseball game; (c) A heartbeat; (d) The age of the Earth; (e) The age of a person.
The movie The Hunger Games brought in about $152,000,000 in its opening weekend. Express this amount in (a) Gigadollars (b) Teradollars.
Acceleration is related to distance and time by the following expression: a = 2xtp. Find the power p that makes this equation dimensionally consistent.
The time t required for an object to fall from rest through a height h is given by t = hp √2/g. In this expression, g is the acceleration due to gravity. Find the power p that makes this equation dimensionally consistent.
Newton's second law (to be discussed in Chapter 5) states that the acceleration a of an object is proportional to the force F acting on it, and inversely proportional to its mass m. That is, a = F/m What are the dimensions of force?
The time T required for one complete oscillation of a mass m on a spring of force constant k is T = 2π √m/k Find the dimensions k must have for this equation to be dimensionally correct.
The speed of light to five significant figures is 2.9979 × 108 m / s. What is the speed of light to three significant figures?
A parking lot is 124.3 m long and 41.06 m wide. What is the perimeter of the lot?
On a fishing trip you catch a 2.77-lb bass, a 14.3-lb rock cod, and a 13.43-lb salmon. What is the total weight of your catch?
How many significant figures are there in (a) 0.0000303 (b) 6.201 × 105?
What is the area of a circle of radius (a) 11.37 m (b) 6.8 m?
The first several digits of π, the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle, are π = 3.14159265358979....What is π to (a) Three significant figures, (b) Five significant figures, and (c) Seven significant figures?
A human hair has a thickness of about 85 mm. What is this in (a) Meters (b) Millimeters?
Rank the following speeds in order of increasing magnitude. Indicate ties where appropriate. (a) 0.25 m / s, (b) 0.75 km / h, (c) 12 ft / s, (d) 16 cm / s.
The Ark of the Covenant is described as a chest of acacia wood 2.5 cubits in length and 1.5 cubits in width and height. Given that a cubit is equivalent to 17.7 in., find the volume of the ark in cubic feet.
A car drives on a highway with a speed of 68 mi / h. What is this speed in km / h?
Water going over Angel Falls, in Venezuela, the world's highest waterfall, drops through a distance of 3212 ft. What is this distance in km?
An electronic advertising sign repeats a message every 9 seconds, day and night, for a week. How many times did the message appear on the sign?
The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is thought to be the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth. The longest recorded blue whale had a length of 108 ft. What is this length in meters?
The Star of Africa, a diamond in the royal scepter of the British crown jewels, has a mass of 530.2 carats, where 1 carat = 0.20 g. Given that 1 kg has an approximate weight of 2.21 lb, what is the weight of this diamond in pounds?
When red-headed woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) strike the trunk of a tree, they can experience an acceleration ten times greater than the acceleration of gravity, or about 98.1 m/s2. What is this acceleration in ft/s2?
Many highways have a speed limit of 55 mi / h. (a) Is this speed greater than, less than, or equal to 55 km / h? Explain. (b) Find the speed limit in km>h that corresponds to 55 mi / h.
Peacock mantis shrimps (Odontodactylus scyllarus) feed largely on snails. They shatter the shells of their prey by delivering a sharp blow with their front legs, which have been observed to reach peak speeds of 23 m / s. What is this speed in (a) Feet per second (b) Miles per hour?
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 0.3 Gm / s. Express the speed of light in meters per second.
The American physical chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875-1946) proposed a unit of time called the "jiffy." According to Lewis, 1 jiffy = the time it takes light to travel one centimeter. (a) If you perform a task in a jiffy, how much time has it taken in seconds? (b) How many jiffys are in one
(a) A mutchkin is a Scottish unit of liquid measure equal to 0.42 L. How many mutchkins are required to fill a container that measures one foot on a side? (b) A noggin is a volume equal to 0.28 mutchkin. What is the conversion factor between noggins and gallons?
Suppose 1.0 cubic meter of oil is spilled into the ocean. Find the area of the resulting slick, assuming that it is one molecule thick, and that each molecule occupies a cube 0.50 μm on a side.
The acceleration of gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s2 (depending on your location). What is the acceleration of gravity in feet per second squared?
Nerve impulses in giant axons of the squid can travel with a speed of 25.0 m / s. How fast is this in (a) ft / s (b) mi / h?
Give a ballpark estimate of the number of seats in a typical major league ballpark.
Estimate the speed at which your hair grows. Give your answer in meters per second.
Milk is often sold by the gallon in plastic containers. (a) Estimate the number of gallons of milk that are purchased in the United States each year. (b) What approximate weight of plastic does this represent?
New York is roughly 3000 miles from Seattle. When it is 10:00 a.m. in Seattle, it is 1:00 p.m. in New York. Using this information, estimate (a) The rotational speed of the surface of Earth, (b) The circumference of Earth, (c) The radius of Earth.
Which of the following equations are dimensionally consistent? (a) v = at, (b) v = 1/2 at2, (c) t = a / v, (d) v2 = 2ax.
IBM has a computer it calls the Blue Gene/L that can do 136.8 teracalculations per second. How many calculations can it do in a nanosecond?
Which of the following quantities have the dimensions of an acceleration? (a) xt2, (b) v2/x, (c) x/t2, (d) v/t.
The light that plants absorb to perform photosynthesis has a wavelength that peaks near 675 nm. Express this distance in (a) Millimeters (b) Inches.
On June 9, 1983, the lower part of the Variegated Glacier in Alaska was observed to be moving at a rate of 210 feet per day. What is this speed in meters per second?
One liter of pure gold weighs 42.5 lb. If you discovered 1.0 ft3 of pure gold, how much would it weigh in pounds?
What is the speed in miles per second of a beam of light traveling at 3.00 × 108 m/s?
A timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) shakes its rattle at a characteristic frequency of about 3300 shakes per minute. What is this frequency in shakes per second?
A single human red blood cell has a mass of about 27 pg. What is this mass in (a) Kilograms (b) Nanograms?
Sweet corn plants can grow 4.1 cm in height per day. What is this speed in (a) Millimeters per second and (b) Feet per week?
Male mosquitoes in the mood for mating find female mosquitoes of their own species by listening for the characteristic "buzzing" frequency of the female's wing beats. This frequency is about 605 wing beats per second. (a) How many wing beats occur in one minute? (b) How many cycles of oscillation
A Porsche sports car can accelerate at 14 m / s2. (a) Is this acceleration greater than, less than, or equal to 14 ft / s2? Explain. (b) Determine the acceleration of a Porsche in ft / s2.
Which of the following equations are dimensionally consistent?(a) x = 1/2 at2,(b) t = v/x,(c) t = (2x/a)1/2.
The fastest commercially available rifle bullet claims a muzzle velocity of 4225 ft/s. (a) What is this speed in miles per hour? (b) How far (in meters) can this bullet travel in 5.0 ms?
Type A nerve fibers in humans can conduct nerve impulses at speeds up to 140 m/s. (a) How fast are the nerve impulses in miles per hour? (b) How far (in meters) can the impulses travel in 5.0 ms?
The mass of a newborn baby's brain has been found to increase by about 1.6 mg per minute. (a) How much does the brain's mass increase in one day? (b) How much time does it take for the brain's mass to increase by 0.0075 kg?
NASA's Cassini mission to Saturn released a probe on December 25, 2004, that landed on the Saturnian moon Titan on January 14, 2005. The probe, which was named Huygens, was released with a gentle relative speed of 31 cm/s. As Huygens moved away from the main spacecraft, it rotated at a rate of
Some dragonflies are observed to splash into the water to bathe, and then spin rapidly to shed the water. Slow-motion video shot at 240 frames per second shows that dragonflies complete one spin revolution every 14 frames. What is the spin rate of the dragonfly in revolutions per minute (rpm)?
Acceleration is related to velocity and time by the following expression: a = vptq. Find the powers p and q that make this equation dimensionally consistent.
The period T of a simple pendulum is the amount of time required for it to undergo one complete oscillation. If the length of the pendulum is L and the acceleration of gravity is g, then T is given by T = 2πLpgq. Find the powers p and q required for dimensional consistency.
Driving along a crowded freeway, you notice that it takes a time t to go from one mile marker to the next. When you increase your speed by 7.9 mi/h, the time to go one mile decreases by 13 s. What was your original speed?
Which plot in Figure 1-10-A, B, C, D, or E-represents the chirping rate of the snowy tree cricket?In Figure 1-10
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