Physics for Scientists and Engineers A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics 4th edition Randall D. Knight - Solutions

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Place a heavy book on a table and the table pushes up on the book. Why doesn't this upward push cause the book to rise from the table?
What happens to the size of the air bubbles released by a diver as they rise?
You and your friendly car dealer float a long string of closely spaced helium-filled balloons over his used-car lot. You secure the two ends of the long string of balloons to different points on the ground so that the balloons float over the lot in an arc. What is the name of this arc?
Why does the fire in a fireplace burn more briskly on a windy day?
What happens to the pressure in water as it speeds up when it is ejected by the nozzle of a garden hose?
Compare the spacing of streamlines around a tossed baseball that doesn't spin in flight with the spacing of streamlines around a ball that does. Why does the spinning baseball veer from the course of a nonspinning one?
Why are runways longer for takeoffs and landings at high altitude airports, such as those in Denver and Mexico City?
How will two dangling vertical sheets of paper move when you blow between them? Try it and see.
A helium-filled balloon and a basketball have the same volume. Upon which is the buoyant force of the surrounding air greater? Discuss why the balloon is at the ceiling of a room whereas the basketball is on the floor.
Discuss whether or not a helium-filled balloon could "rise" in the atmosphere of a rotating space habitat.
What is the energy source for the motion of gas in the atmosphere? What prevents atmospheric gases from flying off into space?
Why did Aristarchus choose the time of a half Moon to make his measurements for calculating the Earth-Sun distance?
How does Newton's first law of motion relate to Galileo's concept of inertia?
How high would you have to go in the atmosphere for half of the mass of air to be below you?
What is the cause of atmospheric pressure?
What is the mass of a cubic meter of air at room temperature (20°C)?
What is the approximate mass of a column of air 1 cm2 in area that extends from sea level to the upper atmosphere? What is the weight of this amount of air?
What is the pressure at the bottom of the column of air referred to in the preceding question?
How does the pressure at the bottom of a 76-cm column of mercury in a barometer compare with the air pressure at the bottom of the atmosphere?
How does the weight of mercury in a barometer compare with the weight of an equal cross-section of air from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?
Why would a water barometer have to be 13.6 times taller than a mercury barometer?
Which warms up faster when heat is applied: iron or silver?
Does a substance that heats up quickly have a high or a low specific heat capacity?
Suppose that you jounce up and down while weighing yourself on a bathroom scale. Which varies: the upward support force or the force of gravity on you? Why is your weight reading best shown when you stand at rest on the scale?
Does a substance that cools off quickly have a high or a low specific heat capacity?
How does the specific heat capacity of water compare with the specific heat capacities of other common materials?
Northeastern Canada and much of Europe receive about the same amount of sunlight per unit area. Why, then, is Europe generally warmer in the winter?
According to the law of conservation of energy, if ocean water cools, then something else should warm. What is it that warms?
Why is the temperature fairly constant for landmasses surrounded by large bodies of water?
Why do substances expand when their temperature is increased?
Why does a bimetallic strip bend with changes in temperature?
Which generally expands more for an equal increase in temperature: solids or liquids?
When the temperature of ice-cold water is increased slightly, does it undergo a net expansion or a net contraction?
What is the reason for ice being less dense than water?
An empty jug of weight W rests on a table. What is the support force exerted on the jug by the table? What is the support force when water of weight w is poured into the jug?
Does "microscopic slush" in water tend to make it more dense or less dense?
What happens to the amount of "microscopic slush" in cold water when its temperature is increased?
Why does all the water in a lake have to be cooled to 4°C before the surface water can be cooled below 4°C?
How much energy is in a nut? Burn it and find out. The heat from the flame is energy released when carbon and hydrogen in the nut combine with oxygen in the air (oxidation reactions) to produce CO2 and H2O. Pierce a nut (pecan or walnut halves work best) with a bent paper clip that holds the nut
Write a letter to your grandparents describing how you're learning to see connections in nature that have eluded you until now, and how you're learning to distinguish related ideas. Use temperature and heat as examples.
Use the formula to show that 3000 cal are required to raise the temperature of 300 g of water from 22°C to 30°C. For the specific heat capacity c, use 1 cal/g · °C.
Use the same formula to show that 12,570 joules are required to raise the temperature of the same mass (0.30 kg) of water through the same temperature interval. For the specific heat capacity c, use 4190 J/kg · °C.
Show that 3000 cal = 12,570 J, the same quantity of thermal energy in different units.
Suppose that the 1.3-km main span of steel for the Golden Gate Bridge had no expansion joints. Show that for an increase in temperature of 20°C, the bridge would be nearly 0.3 m longer.
Three blocks of metal at the same temperature are placed on a hot stove. Their specific heat capacities are listed below. Rank them from greatest to least in how quickly each warms up. a. Steel, 450 J/kg · °C b. Aluminum, 910 J/kg · °C c. Copper, 390 J/kg · °C
If you pull horizontally on a crate with a force of 200 N, it slides across the floor in dynamic equilibrium. How much friction is acting on the crate?
How much the lengths of various substances change with temperature changes is given by their coefficients of linear expansion, a. The greater the value of a, the greater the change in length for a given change in temperature. Three kinds of metal wires, A, B, and C, are stretched between distant
The precise volume of water in a beaker depends on the temperature of the water. Rank from greatest to least the volumes of water at these temperatures: a. 0°C b. 4°C c. 10°C
Which is greater: an increase in temperature of 1 Celsius degree or an increase of 1 Fahrenheit degree?
In a glass of water at room temperature, do all the molecules have the same speed?
Which has more kinetic energy: a molecule in a gram of ice water or a molecule in a gram of steam? Defend your answer.
Which is the largest unit of heat transfer: Calorie, calorie, or joule?
Thermometers in a physics lab often use gas rather than mercury. Whereas changes in volume indicate temperature in a mercury thermometer, what changes in a gas do you think indicate temperature in a gas thermometer?
A certain quantity of heat is supplied to both a kilogram of water and a kilogram of iron. Which undergoes the greater change in temperature? Defend your answer.
Which likely has the greater specific heat capacity: an object that cools quickly, or an object of the same mass that cools more slowly?
If the specific heat capacity of water were less, would a nice hot bath be a longer or a shorter experience?
In order to slide a heavy cabinet across the floor at constant speed, you exert a horizontal force of 600 N. Is the force of friction between the cabinet and the floor greater than, less than, or equal to 600 N? Defend your answer.
When a 1-kg metal pan containing 1 kg of cold water is removed from the refrigerator and set on a table, which absorbs more heat from the room: the pan or the water?
Iceland, so named to discourage conquest by expanding empires, is not at all ice covered, like Greenland and parts of Siberia, even though it is not far from the Arctic Circle. The average winter temperature of Iceland is considerably higher than it is in regions at the same latitude in eastern
Cite an exception to the claim that all substances expand when heated.
Would a bimetallic strip function if the two different metals had the same rates of expansion? Is it important that they expand at different rates? Explain.
Steel plates are commonly attached to each other with rivets, which are slipped into holes in the plates and rounded over with hammers. The hotness of the rivets makes them easier to round over, but their hotness has another important advantage in providing a tight fit. What is it?
After you have driven a car for some distance, why does the air pressure in the tires increase?
Structural groaning noises are sometimes heard in the attics of old buildings on cold nights. Give an explanation in terms of thermal expansion.
An old technique for separating a pair of nested drinking glasses that stick together is to run water at different temperatures into the inner glass and over the surface of the outer glass. Which water should be hot, and which cold?
Why is it important that glass mirrors used in astronomical observatories be made of glass with a low "coefficient of expansion"?
In terms of thermal expansion, why is it important that a key and its lock be made of the same or similar materials?
What type of path does a moving object follow in the absence of a force?
Look at the expansion joint in the photo of Figure 15.13. Would you say the photo was taken on a warm day or a cold day? Why?
After filling your gas tank to the top and parking your car in direct hot sunlight, why does the gasoline overflow?
Why do long steam pipes often have one or more relatively large U-shaped sections of pipe?
Why are incandescent bulbs typically made of very thin glass?
What was the precise temperature at the bottom of Lake Superior at 12:01 am on December 31, 2013?
What happens to the volume of water as it is cooled from 3°C to 1°C?
State whether water at the following temperatures will expand or contract when warmed a little: 0°C, 4°C, 6°C.
What are the temperatures for freezing water on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales? For boiling water?
What are the temperatures for freezing water and boiling water on the Kelvin temperature scale?
What is meant by "translational" kinetic energy?
Two people each pull with a force of 300 N on a rope in a tug-of-war. What is the net force on the rope? How much force is exerted on each person by the rope?
Which forms of energy determine temperature: translational kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, vibrational kinetic energy, or all of these?
Under what conditions can we say that "a thermometer measures its own temperature"?
Is there a distinction between thermal energy and internal energy? Which term do physicists prefer?
In which direction does internal energy flow between hot and cold objects?
Does a hot object contain internal energy, or does it contain heat?
How does heat differ from internal energy, or are they two terms for the same thing?
What role does temperature have in the direction of internal energy flow?
How is the energy value of foods determined?
Distinguish between a calorie and a Calorie.
Distinguish between a calorie and a joule.
Two forces act on a parachutist falling in air: the force of gravity and air resistance. If the fall is steady, with no gain or loss of speed, then the parachutist is in dynamic equilibrium. How do the magnitudes of gravitational force and air resistance compare?
How many joules are needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C?
Relatively speaking, do high-frequency waves have long wavelengths or short wavelengths?
How does the peak frequency of radiant energy relate to the absolute temperature of the radiating source?
What is terrestrial radiation?
Cite a primary difference between waves of solar radiation and waves of terrestrial radiation?
Since all objects emit energy to their surroundings, why don't the temperatures of all objects continuously decrease?
What determines whether an object is a net absorber or a net emitter of radiant energy at a given time?
Which will normally warm faster: a black pot of cold water or a silvered pot of cold water? Which will cool faster?
Can an object be both a good absorber and a good reflector at the same time? Why, or why not?
Why does the pupil of the eye appear black?

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