The Essentials Of Statistics A Tool For Social Research 3rd Edition Joseph F. Healey - Solutions

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Make up a multiple-choice question that would check a classmate's understanding of the distinction between velocity and acceleration.
What happens to the temperature of something that radiates energy without absorbing the same amount in return?
An object that radiates energy at night is in contact with the relatively warm Earth. How does poor conductivity affect the object's temperature relative to air temperature?
Which will undergo the greater rate of cooling: a red-hot poker in a warm oven or a red-hot poker in a cold room (or do both cool at the same rate)?
Does Newton's law of cooling apply to warming as well as to cooling?
What would be the consequence of completely eliminating the greenhouse effect?
How does glass act like a one-way valve for a conventional greenhouse? Does the atmosphere similarly act as a one-way valve?
Distinguish between weather and climate?
How much radiant energy from the Sun, on average, reaches each square meter at the top of Earth's atmosphere each second?
Cite three ways in which a Thermos bottle inhibits heat transfer?
Turn a common incandescent lamp on and off quickly while holding your hand a few inches from the bulb. You feel its heat, but when you touch the bulb, it isn't hot? Explain this in terms of radiant energy and the bulb's transparency.
Can an automobile with a velocity toward the north simultaneously have an acceleration toward the south? Convince your classmates of your answer.
Show that 5000 cal are required to increase the temperature of 50 g of water from 0°C to 100°C. The specific heat capacity for water is 1 cal/g ( °C.
Calculate the quantity of heat absorbed by 20 g of water that warms from 30°C to 90°C?
On a cold day, why does a metal doorknob feel colder than the wooden door?
What is the explanation for feather beds being warm?
Wrap a fur coat around a thermometer. Will its temperature rise?
Wood is a better insulator than glass, yet fiberglass is commonly used as an insulator in wooden buildings? Explain.
Is it possible for heat to flow between two objects with the same internal energy? Can heat flow from an object with less internal energy to one with more internal energy? Defend your answers.
When two cups of hot chocolate, one at 50°C and the other at 60°C, are poured into a bowl, why will the temperature of the mixture be between 50°C and 60°C?
Solid uranium can be converted chemically to uranium fluoride, UF6, which can be cooked up into a dense vapor that diffuses through a porous barrier. Which is likely to diffuse at a greater rate: a gas with isotope U-235 or U-238?
Release a single molecule in an evacuated region and it will fall as fast as, and no differently from, a baseball released in the same region? Explain.
What are the circular spots of light seen on the ground beneath a tree on a sunny day?
What did Galileo discover about the amount of speed a ball gained each second when rolling down an inclined plane? What did this say about the ball's acceleration?
Air density is normally less above any point in air than below, providing a "migration window" in air. How does this affect the movement of faster-moving molecules in air?
A snow-making machine used for ski areas blows a mixture of compressed air and water through a nozzle. The temperature of the mixture may initially be well above the freezing temperature of water, yet crystals of snow are formed as the mixture is ejected from the nozzle? Explain how this happens.
In which form of heat transfer is a medium not required?
Why does a good emitter of heat radiation appear black at room temperature?
From the rules that a good absorber of radiation is a good radiator and a good reflector is a poor absorber, state a rule that relates the reflecting and radiating properties of a surface?
Why is whitewash sometimes applied to the glass of florists' greenhouses in the summer?
On a very cold sunny day, you wear a black coat and a transparent plastic coat. Which coat should be worn on the outside for maximum warmth?
If the composition of the upper atmosphere were changed so that it permitted a greater amount of terrestrial radiation to escape, what effect would this have on Earth's climate?
Make up a multiple-choice question to test a classmate's understanding of the distinction between conduction and convection. Write another question in which the term radiation is the correct answer?
Discuss the purpose of a layer of copper or aluminum on the bottoms of stainless steel cookware?
For straight-line motion, explain to your classmates how a speedometer indicates whether or not acceleration is occurring.
If you were caught in freezing weather with only your own body heat as a source, discuss whether you'd be warmer in an Arctic igloo or in a wooden shack?
A friend says that the molecules in a mixture of gas in thermal equilibrium have the same average kinetic energy. Do you agree or disagree? Explain.
Soaring birds and glider pilots can remain aloft for hours without expending power. Discuss why this is so?
Discuss the function of a photovoltaic cell. What does it produce from what?
Discuss the correlation between a growing human population and climate change?
What is the role of "loose" electrons in heat conductors?
If you touch the metal sides in an oven with your bare hand, you're in trouble. But hold your hand briefly in the oven air and you're okay. What does this tell you about the relative conductivities of metal and air?
Explain why a firewalker can step quickly without harm on red-hot coals with bare feet?
Why are materials such as wood, fur, feathers, and even snow good insulators?
Does a good insulator prevent heat from escaping or slow its passage?
What relationship did Galileo discover about a ball's acceleration and the steepness of an incline? What acceleration occurs when the plane is vertical?
What happens to the volume of air as it rises? What happens to its temperature?
When an air molecule is hit by an approaching faster moving molecule, does its rebound speed increase or decrease? How about when it hits a receding molecule?
How are the speeds of molecules of air affected when the air is compressed by the action of a tire pump?
How are the speeds of molecules of air affected as they separate from one another when escaping from the nozzle of a party balloon?
Why isn't Millie's hand burned when she holds it above the escape valve of the pressure cooker (see Figure 16.8)?Figure 16 .8(a)(b)
Why does the direction of coastal winds change from day to night?
In what form does radiant energy travel?
What happens to the water pressure at the bottom of a geyser when some of the water above gushes out?
Why doesn't energy added to boiling water increase the temperature of the water?
When will water boil at a temperature lower than 100°C?
What exactly is meant by a "freely falling" object?
What evidence can you cite for the claim that water can boil at a temperature of 0°C?
Why doesn't water freeze at 0°C when foreign ions are present?
What happens to the hexagonal open structure of ice when sufficient pressure is applied to it?
Why doesn't a wire simply cut a block of ice in two when it passes through the ice?
Does a liquid release energy or absorb energy when it changes into a gas?
Does a liquid release energy or absorb energy when it changes into a solid?
Does the heat that is discharged at the condensation coils following the compression pump of a refrigerator involve vaporization or condensation of the refrigerating liquid?
Cite two reasons why firewalkers don't burn their wetted feet when they walk barefoot on red-hot coals?
Place a Pyrex funnel mouth-down in a saucepan full of water so that the narrow tube of the funnel protrudes above the water. Rest a part of the funnel on a nail or a coin so that water can get under it. Place the pan on a stove and watch the water as it begins to boil. Where do the bubbles form
Measure the temperature of boiling water and the temperature of a boiling solution of salt and water. How do they compare?
Cite an instance in which your speed could be zero while your acceleration is nonzero.
Do as Dean Baird demonstrates in Photo 2 of the chapter opening photos, or as the sketch shows, and suspend a heavy weight by copper wire over an ice cube. In a matter of minutes, the wire will be pulled through the ice. The ice will melt beneath the wire and refreeze above it, leaving a visible
Send a letter to Grandma and tell her why bringing water to a boil when she's making tea is actually a process that cools the water. Explain how she could convince her teatime friends of this intriguing concept?
Rank the boiling-water temperatures from highest to lowest in these locations: a. Death Valley, b. Sea level, c. Denver, CO (the "mile-high city")?
From greatest to least, rank the energies needed for these phase changes for equal amounts of H2O: a. From ice to ice water b. From ice water to boiling water c. From boiling water to steam?
When you step out of a swimming pool on a hot, dry day in the Southwest, you feel quite chilly. Why?
Why is sweating an efficient mechanism for cooling off on a hot day?
What happens to the temperature of a pan of water when evaporation exceeds condensation?
An inventor claims to have developed a new perfume that lasts a long time because it doesn't evaporate? Comment on this claim.
Why will wrapping a bottle in a wet cloth at a picnic often produce a cooler bottle than placing the bottle in a bucket of cold water?
Why are icebergs often surrounded by fog?
What is the gain in speed per second for a freely falling object?
On freezing days, frost often forms on windows. Why is there usually more frost on the bottom portions of the windows?
A great amount of water vapor changes phase to become water in the clouds that form a thunderstorm. Does this process release thermal energy or absorb it?
Why does the temperature of boiling water remain the same as long as the heating and boiling continue?
Why do vapor bubbles in a pot of boiling water increase in size as they rise in the water?
Why does the boiling temperature of water decrease when the water is under reduced pressure, such as when it is at a higher altitude?
Place a jar of water on a small stand in a saucepan of water so that the bottom of the jar is held above the bottom of the pan. When the pan is placed on a stove, the water in the pan will boil but the water in the jar will not. Why?
Hydrothermal vents are openings in the ocean floor that discharge very hot water. Water emerging at nearly 280°C from one such vent off the Oregon coast, some 2400 m beneath the surface, is not boiling? Provide an explanation.
What can go wrong if you grasp the handle of a hot skillet with a wet thin dishcloth?
How can water be brought to a boil without heating it?
If water that boils due to reduced pressure is not hot, then is ice formed by reduced pressure not cold? Explain.
(a) Can an object be moving when its acceleration is zero? If so, give an example. (b) Can an object be accelerating when its speed is zero? If so, give an example.
In the power plant of a nuclear submarine, the temperature of the water in the reactor is higher than 100°C. How is this possible?
How does the freezing point of a liquid compare with its melting point?
How might water be desalinized by freezing?
What produces the wet underside of a glacier, which enables it to slip down elevated regions?
A piece of metal and an equal mass of wood are both removed from a hot oven at equal temperatures and are dropped onto blocks of ice. The metal has a lower specific heat capacity than the wood. Which will melt more ice before cooling to 0°C?
How does melting ice change the temperature of the surrounding air?
What accounts for the bulged ends of a can of soda that has been frozen?
Why is half-frozen fruit punch always sweeter than completely melted fruit punch?
Is it condensation or vaporization that occurs on the warm outside coils of an operating air conditioner?
When ice in a pond melts, what effect does this have on the temperature of the nearby air?

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The Essentials Of Statistics A Tool For Social Research 3rd Edition Joseph F. Healey - Solutions

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