Calculus Early Transcendentals 8th edition James Stewart - Solutions

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Which of the following are pure elements: H2, H2O, He, Na, NaCI, H2SO4, U?
When any object is in mechanical equilibrium, what can be correctly stated about all the forces that act on it? Must the net force necessarily be zero?
How many atoms are in a molecule of sulfuric acid, H2SO4?
A particular atom contains 29 electrons, 34 neutrons, and 29 protons. What is the identity of this element, and what is its atomic number?
If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?
What element results if you add a pair of protons to the nucleus of mercury? (See the periodic table.)
What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?
To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?
To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?
You could swallow a capsule of germanium without ill effects. But, if a proton were added to each of the germanium nuclei, you would not want to swallow the capsule. Why? (Consult the periodic table.)
Helium is an inert gas, which means that it doesn't readily combine with other elements. What five other elements would you also expect to be inert gases?
Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?
Which of the following are scalar quantities, which are vector quantities, and which are neither? (a) force; (b) age; (c) acceleration; (d) temperature.
In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas, both with the same average kinetic energy, which molecules move faster on average?
Make up a multiple-choice question that will test your classmates on the distinction between any two terms in the Summary of Terms list.
If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor?
Discuss why equal masses of golf balls and Ping-Pong balls don't contain the same number of balls.
Discuss why equal masses of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms don't contain the same number of particles.
Discuss which contains more atoms: 1 kg of lead or 1 kg of aluminum.
A carbon atom, with a half-full outer shell of electrons-four in a shell that can hold eight-readily shares its electrons with other atoms and forms a vast number of molecules, many of which are the organic molecules that form the bulk of living matter. Looking at the periodic table, what other
Hydrogen and oxygen always react in a 1:8 ratio by mass to form water. Early investigators thought this meant that oxygen was 8 times more massive than hydrogen. What chemical formula did these investigators assume for water?
Who advanced the idea of atoms in the early 1800s?
What causes dust particles and tiny grains of soot to move with Brownian motion?
What can you correctly say about a pair of vectors that add together to equal zero?
Who first explained Brownian motion and made a convincing case for the existence of atoms?
How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere?
Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun?
Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope?
Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam?
What is the purpose of a model in science?
Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated?
What is meant by the term nucleon?
How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron?
Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on?
Which is more likely to break: a hammock stretched tightly between a pair of trees or one that sags more when you sit on it?
What is meant by the elastic limit for a particular object?
If a 1-kg object stretches a spring by 2 cm, how much will the spring be stretched when it supports a 3-kg object? (Assume the spring does not reach its elastic limit.)
Distinguish between tension and compression.
What and where is the neutral layer in a beam that supports a load?
Why are the cross-sections of metal beams in the shape of the letter I instead of solid rectangles?
Why were so many vertical columns needed to support the roofs of stone buildings in ancient Egypt and Greece?
Is it tension or compression that strengthens an arch that supports a load?
Why isn't cement needed between the stone blocks of an arch that has the shape of an inverted catenary?
Why aren't vertical columns needed to support the middle of domed stadiums, such as the Houston Astrodome?
Does the strength of a person's arm usually depend on the length of the arm or on its cross-sectional area?
If you push on a crate with a force of 100 N and it slides at constant velocity, how great is the friction acting on the crate?
What is the volume of a sugar cube that measures 1 cm on each side? What is the cross-sectional area of the cube? The total surface area?
If the linear dimensions of an object are doubled, by how much does the surface area increase? By how much does the volume increase?
Which has more skin: an elephant or a mouse? Which has more skin per unit of body weight: an elephant or a mouse?
Which requires more food per body weight daily: an elephant or a mouse?
Is the saying "The bigger they are, the harder they fall" a consequence of a small or a large ratio of surface area to volume?
Why can small creatures fall considerable distances without injury, while people need parachutes to do the same?
If you live in a region where snow falls, collect some snowflakes on black cloth and examine them with a magnifying glass. You'll have to do this quickly! Note the many hexagonal crystalline structures, among the most beautiful sights in nature.
Simulate atomic close packing with a couple dozen or so pennies. Arrange them in a square pattern so each penny inside the perimeter makes contact with four others. Then arrange them hexagonally, so each is in contact with six others. Compare the areas occupied by the same number of pennies close
Are you slightly longer while lying down than you are tall when standing up? Make measurements and see.
Hold an egg vertically and dangle a small chain around the egg. Can you see that the chain follows the contour of the egg-shallow sag for the more rounded end and deeper sag for the more pointed end? Nature has not overlooked the catenary.
What class of motion, natural or violent, did Aristotle attribute to motion of the Moon?
A 19.3-g mass of gold in the form of a cube is 1 cm long on each side (somewhat smaller than a sugar cube). What would be the length of the sides of a cube that has twice this mass of gold?
Consult Table 12.1 and rank the densities of the following materials from greatest to least: a. Liquid water b. Ice c. Aluminum
Consider these three animals: A. dog, B. horse, and C. elephant. Rank them, from highest to lowest, for their a. Surface areas. b. Masses. c. Weights. d. Volumes. e. Surface area per weight.
You take 1000 mg of a vitamin and your friend takes 1 g of the same vitamin. Who takes more vitamins?
Your friend says that the primary difference between a solid and a liquid is the kind of atoms in the material. Do you agree or disagree, and why?
In what sense can it be said that a tree is solidified air?
What happens to the density of air in a common rubber balloon when it is heated?
Compare the density of a 100-kg iron block with the density of an iron filing.
What happens to the density of water when it freezes to become ice?
In a deep dive, a whale is appreciably compressed by the pressure of the surrounding water. What happens to the whale's density during the dive?
A monkey hangs stationary at the end of a vertical vine. What two forces act on the monkey? Which, if either, is greater?
Which has more volume: a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of aluminum?
Which has more mass: a liter of ice or a liter of water?
How would you test the notion that a steel ball is elastic?
If the spring in the sketch in the preceding exercise were supporting a heavy weight, how would the sketch be changed?
When you bend a meterstick, one side is under tension and the other is under compression. Which side is which?
Suppose you're constructing a balcony that extends beyond the main frame of your house. In a concrete overhanging slab, should steel reinforcing rods be embedded in the top, middle, or bottom of the slab?
Why does a two-story house that is roughly a cube suffer less heat loss than a rambling one-story house of the same volume?
As the volume of an object is increased, its surface area also increases. During this increase, does the ratio of square meters to cubic meters increase or decrease?
Why does crushed ice melt faster than the same mass of ice cubes?
Why do some animals curl up into a ball when they are cold?
What state of motion did Aristotle attribute to Earth?
Why is rust a greater problem for thin iron rods than for thick iron piles?
Why do thin French fries cook faster than thick fries?
If you are grilling hamburgers and getting impatient, why is it a good idea to flatten the burgers to make them wider and thinner?
A mouse has more skin per body weight than an elephant. How does this affect the amount of food each creature eats?
Both a gorilla and a mouse mistakenly run off the edge of the same high cliff. How does scaling aid the mouse but not the gorilla?
How does scaling relate to the fact that the heartbeat of large creatures is generally slower than the heartbeat of smaller creatures?
Who has more need for drink in a dry desert climate: a child or an adult?
How does the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline substance differ from the arrangement in a noncrystalline substance?
What happens to the volume of a loaf of bread that is squeezed? The mass? The density?
Which is denser: an object that has a density of 1000 kg/m3 or one that has a density of 1 g/cm3?
What relationship between the Sun and Earth did Copernicus formulate?
Iridium is not the heaviest atom found in nature. What, then, accounts for a chunk of pure iridium being the densest substance on Earth?
What is the mass density of water? What is the weight density of water?
Why do we say that a spring is elastic?
Why do we say that a blob of putty is inelastic?
What is Hooke's law? Does it apply to elastic materials or to inelastic materials?
Distinguish between an immersed and a submerged body.
What is the mass of 1 L of water? Its weight in newtons?
If a 1-L container is immersed halfway into water, what is the volume of the water displaced? What is the buoyant force on the container?
Is the buoyant force on a submerged object equal to the weight of the object itself or equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object?
What is the condition in which the buoyant force on an object does equal the weight of the object?

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Calculus Early Transcendentals 8th edition James Stewart - Solutions

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