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physics
mechanics

Physics 5th edition James S. Walker - Solutions

If the temperature is 43 °F, how much time does it take for the cricket to produce 12 chirps? A. 12 s B. 24 s C. 43 s D. 52 s
Which of the following quantities have the dimensions of a time? (a) x / v, (b) a / v, (c) (2x / a)1/2, (d) v2 / a.
Your pet cricket chirps 112 times in one minute (60.0 s). What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? A. 41.9 B. 47.0 C. 64.3 D. 74.7
Suppose a snowy tree cricket is chirping when the temperature is 65.0 °F. How many oscillations does the radiation from a cesium-133 atom complete between successive chirps? A. 7.98 × 107 B. 3.68 × 108 C. 4.78 × 109 D. 9.58 × 109
Which of the following quantities have the dimensions of a distance? (a) vt, (b) 1/2at2, (c) 2at, (d) v2/a.
Which of the following quantities have the dimensions of a speed? (a) 1/2at2, (b) at, (c) (2x/a)1/2, (d) (2ax)1/2.
Velocity is related to acceleration and distance by the following expression: v2 = 2axp. Find the power p that makes this equation dimensionally consistent.
A volcano shoots a lava bomb straight upward. Does the displacement of the lava bomb depend on (a) Your choice of origin for your coordinate system, or (b) Your choice of a positive direction? Explain in each case.
Referring to FIGURE 2-27, you walk from your home to the library, then to the park.(a) What is the distance traveled?(b) What is your displacement?In figure 2-27
Kangaroos have been clocked at speeds of 65 km/h. (a) How far can a kangaroo hop in 3.2 minutes at this speed? (b) How much time will it take a kangaroo to hop 0.25 km at this speed?
A doctor, preparing to give a patient an injection, squirts a small amount of liquid straight upward from a syringe. If the liquid emerges with a speed of 1.5 m/s,(a) How much time does it take for it to return to the level of the syringe?(b) What is the maximum height of the liquid above the
A hot-air balloon has just lifted off and is rising at the constant rate of 2.0 m/s. Suddenly one of the passengers realizes she has left her camera on the ground. A friend picks it up and tosses it straight upward with an initial speed of 13 m/s. If the passenger is 2.5 m above her friend when the
Astronauts on a distant planet throw a rock straight upward and record its motion with a video camera. After digitizing their video, they are able to produce the graph of height, y, versus time, t, shown in FIGURE 2-46.(a) What is the acceleration of gravity on this planet?(b) What was the initial
Squids can move through the water using a form of jet propulsion. Suppose a squid jets forward from rest with constant acceleration for 0.170 s, moving through a distance of 0.179 m. The squid then turns off its jets and coasts to rest with constant acceleration. The total time for this motion
A ball, dropped from rest, covers three-quarters of the distance to the ground in the last second of its fall. (a) From what height was the ball dropped? (b) What was the total time of fall?
You drop a ski glove from a height h onto fresh snow, and it sinks to a depth d before coming to rest.(a) In terms of g and h, what is the speed of the glove when it reaches the snow?(b) What are the magnitude and direction of the glove's acceleration as it moves through the snow, assuming it to be
To find the height of an overhead power line, you throw a ball straight upward. The ball passes the line on the way up after 0.75 s, and passes it again on the way down 1.5 s after it was tossed. What are the height of the power line and the initial speed of the ball?
Sitting in a second-story apartment, a physicist notices a ball moving straight upward just outside her window. The ball is visible for 0.25 s as it moves a distance of 1.05 m from the bottom to the top of the window.(a) How much time does it take before the ball reappears?(b) What is the greatest
How much time did it take for the lander to drop the final 4.30 ft to the Moon's surface? A. 1.18 s B. 1.37 s C. 1.78 s D. 2.36 s
What was the impact speed of the lander when it touched down? Give your answer in feet per second 1ft/s2, the same units used by the astronauts. A. 2.41 ft/s B. 6.78 ft/s C. 9.95 ft/s D. 10.6 ft/s
A severe storm on January 10, 1992, caused a cargo ship near the Aleutian Islands to spill 29,000 rubber ducks and other bath toys into the ocean. Ten months later hundreds of rubber ducks began to appear along the shoreline near Sitka, Alaska, roughly 1600 miles away. What was the approximate
Which of the speed-versus-time plots in Figure 2-48 (b) correctly represents the speed of the Apollo 15 lander? A B C D
Suppose, instead of shutting off the engine, the astronauts had increased its thrust, giving the lander a small, but constant, upward acceleration. Which speed-versus-time plot in Figure 2-48 (b) would describe this situation? A B C D
Suppose the speeder (red car) is traveling with a constant speed of 25 m/s, and the maximum acceleration of the police car (blue car) is 3.8 m/s2. If the police car is to start from rest and catch the speeder in 15 s or less, what is the maximum head-start distance the speeder can have? Measure
The speeder passes the position of the police car with a constant speed of 15 m/s. The police car immediately starts from rest and pursues the speeder with constant acceleration. What acceleration must the police car have if it is to catch the speeder in 7.0 s? Measure time from the moment the
(a) In Example 2-21, the bag of sand is released at 20.0 m and reaches a maximum height of 22 m. If the bag had been released at 30.0 m instead, with everything else remaining the same, would its maximum height be 32 m, greater than 32 m, or less than 32 m?(b) Find the speed of the bag just before
Suppose the balloon is descending with a constant speed of 4.2 m/s when the bag of sand comes loose at a height of 35 m. (a) What is the amount of time the bag is in the air? (b) What is the speed of the bag when it is 15 m above the ground?
Radio waves travel at the speed of light, approximately 186,000 miles per second. How much time does it take for a radio message to travel from Earth to the Moon and back?
It was a dark and stormy night, when suddenly you saw a flash of lightning. Six and a half seconds later you heard the thunder. Given that the speed of sound in air is about 340 m/s, how far away was the lightning bolt? (Ignore the travel time for the flash of light.)
The human nervous system can propagate nerve impulses at about 102 m/s. Estimate the time it takes for a nerve impulse to travel 2 m from your toes to your brain.
A finch rides on the back of a Galapagos tortoise, which walks at the stately pace of 0.060 m/s. After 1.5 minutes the finch tires of the tortoise's slow pace, and takes flight in the same direction for another 1.5 minutes at 11 m/s. What was the average speed of the finch for this 3.0-minute
You jog at 9.1 km/h for 5.0 km, then you jump into a car and drive an additional 13 km. With what average speed must you drive your car if your average speed for the entire 18 km is to be 25 km/h?
A dog runs back and forth between its two owners, who are walking toward one another (FIGURE 2-31). The dog starts running when the owners are 8.2 m apart. If the dog runs with a speed of 2.7 m/s, and the owners each walk with a speed of 1.3 m/s, how far has the dog traveled when the owners meet?In
Blood flows through a major artery at 1.0 m/s for 0.50 s, then at 0.60 m/s for another 0.50 s through a smaller artery. (a) Is the average speed of the blood 0.80 m/s, greater than 0.80 m/s, or less than 0.80 m/s? Explain. (b) Verify your answer to part (a) by calculating the average speed.
Blood flows through a major artery at 1.0 m/s over a distance of 0.50 m, then at 0.60 m/s for another 0.50 m through a smaller artery. (a) Is the average speed of the blood 0.80 m/s, greater than 0.80 m/s, or less than 0.80 m/s? Explain. (b) Verify your answer to part (a) by calculating the average
In Figure 2-27, you walk from the park to your friend's house then back to your house. What are your(a) Distance traveled,(b) Displacement?In figure 2-27
In heavy rush-hour traffic you drive in a straight line at 12 m/s for 1.5 minutes, then you have to stop for 3.5 minutes, and finally you drive at 15 m/s for another 2.5 minutes.(a) Plot a position versus-time graph for this motion. Your plot should extend from t = 0 to t = 7.5 minutes.(b) Use your
An expectant father paces back and forth, producing the position-versus-time graph shown in FIGURE 2-32. Without performing a calculation, indicate whether the father's velocity is positive, negative, or zero on each of the following segments of the graph:(a) A,(b) B,(c) C,(d) D. Calculate the
The position of a particle as a function of time is given by x = (-5 m/s)t + (3 m/s2)t2. (a) Plot x versus t for t = 0 to t = 2 s. (b) Find the average velocity of the particle from t = 0 to t = 1 s. (c) Find the average speed from t = 0 to t = 1 s.
The position of a particle as a function of time is given by x = (6 m/s)t + (-2 m/s2)t2. (a) Plot x versus t for t = 0 to t = 2 s. (b) Find the average velocity of the particle from t = 0 to t = 1 s. (c) Find the average speed from t = 0 to t = 1 s.
A tennis player moves back and forth along the baseline while waiting for her opponent to serve, producing the position-versus-time graph shown in FIGURE 2-33.(a) Without performing a calculation, indicate on which of the segments of the graph, A, B, or C, the player has the greatest speed.
On your wedding day you leave for the church 30.0 minutes before the ceremony is to begin, which should be plenty of time since the church is only 10.0 miles away. On the way, however, you have to make an unanticipated stop for construction work on the road. As a result, your average speed for the
The position-versus-time plot of a boat positioning itself next to a dock is shown in FIGURE 2-34. Rank the six points indicated in the plot in order of increasing value of the velocity v, starting with the most negative. Indicate a tie with an equal sign.In figure 2-34
The position of a particle as a function of time is given by x = (2.0 m/s) t + (-3.0 m/s3)t3. (a) Plot x versus t for time from t = 0 to t = 1.0 s. (b) Find the average velocity of the particle from t = 0.35 s to t = 0.45 s. (c) Find the average velocity from t = 0.39 s to t = 0.41 s. (d) Do you
The position of a particle as a function of time is given by x = (–2.00 m/s) t + (3.00 m/s3)t3.(a) Plot x versus t for time from t = 0 to t = 1.00 s.(b) Find the average velocity of the particle from t = 0.150 s to t = 0.250 s.(c) Find the average velocity from t = 0.190 s to t = 0.210 s.(d) Do
On two occasions you accelerate uniformly from rest along an on-ramp in order to merge into interstate traffic at 65 mi/h. On-ramp A is 200 m long and on-ramp B is 400 m long. (a) Is your acceleration along on-ramp A greater than, less than, or equal to your acceleration along ramp B? (b) Choose
The two tennis players shown in FIGURE 2-28 walk to the net to congratulate one another.(a) Find the distance traveled and the displacement of player A.(b) Repeat for player B.In figure 2-28
A 747 airliner reaches its takeoff speed of 156 mi/h in 35.2 s. What is the magnitude of its average acceleration?
At the starting gun, a runner accelerates at 1.9 m/s2 for 5.2 s. The runner's acceleration is zero for the rest of the race. What is the speed of the runner (a) At t = 2.0 s, (b) At the end of the race?
A jet makes a landing traveling due east with a speed of 70.6 m/s. If the jet comes to rest in 13.0 s, what are the magnitude and direction of its average acceleration?
A car is traveling due north at 23.6 m/s. Find the velocity of the car after 7.10 s if its acceleration is (a) 1.30 m/s2 due north, (b) 1.15 m/s2 due south.
A motorcycle moves according to the velocity-versus-time graph shown in FIGURE 2-35. Find the average acceleration of the motorcycle during each of the following segments of the motion:(a) A,(b) B,(c) C.In Figure 2-35
A person on horseback moves according to the velocity-versus time graph shown in FIGURE 2-36. Find the displacement of the person for each of the following segments of the motion:(a) A,(b) B,(c) C.In Figure 2-36.
Running with an initial velocity of +9.2 m/s, a horse has an average acceleration of -1.81 m/s2. How much time does it take for the horse to decrease its velocity to +5.5 m/s?
Assume that the brakes in your car create a constant deceleration of 4.2 m/s2 regardless of how fast you are driving. If you double your driving speed from 18 m/s to 36 m/s, (a) Does the time required to come to a stop increase by a factor of two or a factor of four? Explain. Verify your answer to
As a train accelerates away from a station, it reaches a speed of 4.7 m / s in 5.0 s. If the train's acceleration remains constant, what is its speed after an additional 5.0 s has elapsed?
A particle has an acceleration of + 6.24 m/s2 for 0.450 s. At the end of this time the particle's velocity is + 9.31 m/s. What was the particle's initial velocity?
The golfer in FIGURE 2-29 sinks the ball in two putts, as shown. What are(a) The distance traveled by the ball,(b) The displacement of the ball?In figure 2-29
Landing with a speed of 71.4 m/s, and traveling due south, a jet comes to rest in 949 m. Assuming the jet slows with constant acceleration, find the magnitude and direction of its acceleration.
When you see a traffic light turn red, you apply the brakes until you come to a stop. If your initial speed was 18 m/s, and you were heading due west, what was your average velocity during braking? Assume constant deceleration.
A ball is released at the point x = 2 m on an inclined plane with a nonzero initial velocity. After being released, the ball moves with constant acceleration. The acceleration and initial velocity of the ball are described by one of the following four cases: case 1, a > 0, v0 > 0; case 2, a
Starting from rest, a boat increases its speed to 4.82 m/s with constant acceleration. (a) What is the boat's average speed? (b) If it takes the boat 4.77 s to reach this speed, how far has it traveled?
The position of a car as a function of time is given by x = (50 m) + (- 5.0 m / s)t + (-10 m/s2)t2.(a) What are the initial position, initial velocity, and acceleration of the car?(b) Plot x versus t for t = 0 to t = 2.0 s.(c) What distance does the car travel during the first 1.0 s?(d) What is the
The position of a ball as a function of time is given by x = (5.0 m/s)t + (-10 m/s2)t2. (a) What are the initial position, initial velocity, and acceleration of the ball? (b) Plot x versus t for t = 0 to t = 2.0 s. (c) Find the average velocity of the ball from t = 0 to t = 1.0 s. (d) Find the
A cheetah can accelerate from rest to 25.0 m/s in 6.22 s. Assuming constant acceleration, (a) How far has the cheetah run in this time? (b) After sprinting for just 3.11 s, is the cheetah's speed 12.5 m/s, greater than 12.5 m/s, or less than 12.5 m/s? Explain. (c) What is the cheetah's average
A sled slides from rest down an icy slope. Measurements taken from a video show that the distance from the starting point to the sled at various times is as follows: Time (s)___________________________Distance from starting point
A child slides down a hill on a toboggan with an acceleration of 1.6 m/s2. If she starts at rest, how far has she traveled in (a) 1.0 s, (b) 2.0 s, (c) 3.0 s?
On a ride called the Detonator at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, passengers accelerate straight downward from rest to 45 mi/h in 2.2 seconds. What is the average acceleration of the passengers on this ride?
A jogger runs on the track shown in FIGURE 2-30. Neglecting the curvature of the corners,(a) What are the distance traveled and the displacement in running from point A to point B?(b) Find the distance and displacement for a complete circuit of the track.In figure 2-30
In his novel From the Earth to the Moon (1865), Jules Verne describes a spaceship that is blasted out of a cannon, called the Columbiad, with a speed of 12,000 yards/s. The Columbiad is 900 ft long, but part of it is packed with explosives, so the spaceship accelerates over a distance of only 700
Approximately 0.1% of the bacteria in an adult human's intestines are Escherichia coli. These bacteria have been observed to move with speeds up to 15 μm/s and maximum accelerations of 166 μm/s2. Suppose an E. coli bacterium in your intestines starts at rest and accelerates at 156 μm/s2. How
Two cars drive on a straight highway. At time t = 0, car 1 passes mile marker 0 traveling due east with a speed of 20.0 m/s. At the same time, car 2 is 1.0 km east of mile marker 0 traveling at 30.0 m/s due west. Car 1 is speeding up with an acceleration of magnitude 2.5 m/s2, and car 2 is slowing
On October 9, 1992, a 27-pound meteorite struck a car in Peekskill, NY, leaving a dent 22 cm deep in the trunk. If the meteorite struck the car with a speed of 130 m/s, what was the magnitude of its deceleration, assuming it to be constant?
A rocket blasts off and moves straight upward from the launch pad with constant acceleration. After 2.8 s the rocket is at a height of 91 m.(a) What are the magnitude and direction of the rocket's acceleration?(b) What is its speed at this time?
You are driving through town at 12.0 m/s when suddenly a ball rolls out in front of you. You apply the brakes and begin decelerating at 3.5 m/s2.(a) How far do you travel before stopping?(b) When you have traveled only half the distance in part (a), is your speed 6.0 m/s, greater than 6.0 m/s, or
You are driving through town at 16 m/s when suddenly a car backs out of a driveway in front of you. You apply the brakes and begin decelerating at 3.2 m/s2. (a) How much time does it take to stop? (b) After braking half the time found in part (a), is your speed 8.0 m/s, greater than 8.0 m/s, or
When a chameleon captures an insect, its tongue can extend 16 cm in 0.10 s.(a) Find the magnitude of the tongue's acceleration, assuming it to be constant.(b) In the first 0.050 s, does the tongue extend 8.0 cm, more than 8.0 cm, or less than 8.0 cm?(c) Find the extension of the tongue in the first
On July 13, 1977, while on a test drive at Britain's Silverstone racetrack, the throttle on David Purley's car stuck wide open. The resulting crash subjected Purley to the greatest "g-force" ever survived by a human-he decelerated from 173 km/h to zero in a distance of only about 0.66 m. Calculate
A boat is cruising in a straight line at a constant speed of 2.6 m/s when it is shifted into neutral. After coasting 12 m the engine is engaged again, and the boat resumes cruising at the reduced constant speed of 1.6 m/s. Assuming constant acceleration while coasting, (a) How much time did it take
A child rides a pony on a circular track whose radius is 5.25 m. (a) Find the distance traveled and the displacement after the child has gone halfway around the track. (b) Does the distance traveled increase, decrease, or stay the same when the child completes one circuit of the track? Explain. (c)
A model rocket rises with constant acceleration to a height of 4.2 m, at which point its speed is 26.0 m/s.(a) How much time does it take for the rocket to reach this height?(b) What was the magnitude of the rocket's acceleration?(c) Find the height and speed of the rocket 0.10 s after launch.
The infamous chicken is dashing toward home plate with a speed of 5.7 m/s when he decides to hit the dirt. The chicken slides for 1.2 s, just reaching the plate as he stops (safe, of course). (a) What are the magnitude and direction of the chicken's acceleration? (b) How far did the chicken slide?
A bicyclist is finishing his repair of a flat tire when a friend rides by with a constant speed of 3.5 m/s. Two seconds later the bicyclist hops on his bike and accelerates at 2.4 m/s2 until he catches his friend.(a) How much time does it take until he catches his friend?(b) How far has he traveled
A car in stop-and-go traffic starts at rest moves forward 22 m in 8.0 s, then comes to rest again. The velocity-versus-time plot for this car is given in FIGURE 2-37. What distance does the car cover in(a) The first 4.0 seconds of its motion(b) The last 2.0 seconds of its motion?(c) What is the
A car and a truck are heading directly toward one another on a straight and narrow street, but they avoid a head-on collision by simultaneously applying their brakes at t = 0. The resulting velocity-versus-time graphs are shown in FIGURE 2-38. What is the separation between the car and the truck
Suppose you use videos to analyze the motion of penguins as they slide from rest down three different frictionless ramps (A, B, C) and into the water. The distances they travel and the times elapsed are recorded in the following table:(a) Find the magnitude of the penguin's acceleration for each
At the edge of a roof you throw ball 1 upward with an initial speed v0; a moment later you throw ball 2 downward with the same initial speed. The balls land at the same time. Which of the following statements is true for the instant just before the balls hit the ground? A. The speed of ball 1 is
A cliff diver drops from rest to the water below. How many seconds does it take for the diver to go from 0 to 60; that is, to go from 0 mph to 60 mph? (For comparison, it takes about 3.5 s to 4.0 s for a powerful car to go from 0 to 60.)
For a flourish at the end of her act, a juggler tosses a single ball high in the air. She catches the ball 3.2 s later at the same height from which it was thrown. What was the initial upward speed of the ball?
During the 2014 Olympic games, snowboarder Shaun White rose 6.4 m vertically above the rim of the half-pipe. With what speed did he launch from the rim?
You drive your car in a straight line at 15 m/s for 10 kilometers, then at 25 m/s for another 10 kilometers. (a) Is your average speed for the entire trip greater than, less than, or equal to 20 m/s? (b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. More time is spent at 15 m/s than at
Gulls are often observed dropping clams and other shellfish from a height to the rocks below, as a means of opening the shells. If a seagull drops a shell from rest at a height of 17 m, how fast is the shell moving when it hits the rocks?
A volcano launches a lava bomb straight upward with an initial speed of 28 m/s. Taking upward to be the positive direction, find the speed and direction of motion of the lava bomb (a) 2.0 seconds (b) 3.0 seconds after it is launched.
The first active volcano observed outside the Earth was discovered in 1979 on Io, one of the moons of Jupiter. The volcano was observed to be ejecting material to a height of about 3.00 × 105 m. Given that the acceleration of gravity on Io is 1.80 m/s2, find the initial velocity of the ejected
Here's something you can try at home-an experiment to measure your reaction time. Have a friend hold a ruler by one end, letting the other end hang down vertically. At the lower end, hold your thumb and index finger on either side of the ruler, ready to grip it. Have your friend release the ruler
A carpenter on the roof of a building accidentally drops her hammer. As the hammer falls it passes two windows of equal height, as shown in FIGURE 2-39.(a) Is the increase in speed of the hammer as it drops past window 1 greater than, less than, or equal to the increase in speed as it drops past
FIGURE 2-40 shows a v-versus-t plot for the hammer dropped by the carpenter in Problem 74. Notice that the times when the hammer passes the two windows are indicated by shaded areas.(a) Is the area of the shaded region corresponding to window 1 greater than, less than, or equal to the area of the
A ball is thrown straight upward with an initial speed v0. When it reaches the top of its flight at height h, a second ball is thrown straight upward with the same initial speed. Do the balls cross paths at height 1/2h, above 1/2 h, or below 1/2h?
On a hot summer day in the state of Washington while kayaking, I saw several swimmers jump from a railroad bridge into the Snohomish River below. The swimmers stepped off the bridge, and I estimated that they hit the water 1.5 s later.(a) How high was the bridge?(b) How fast were the swimmers
The USA's highest fountain of water is located, appropriately enough, in Fountain Hills, Arizona. The fountain rises to a height of 560 ft (5 feet higher than the Washington Monument).(a) What is the initial speed of the water?(b) How much time does it take for water to reach the top of the

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