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physics
thermodynamics

Questions and Answers of Thermodynamics

A 2.50-lb piece of steel is dropped into 11.0 lb of water at 75.0°F. The final temperature is 84.0°F. What was the initial temperature of the steel?
Mary mixes 5.00 lb of water at 200°F with 7.00 lb of water at 65.0°F. Find the final temperature of the mixture.
A 250-g piece of tin at 99°C is dropped in 100 g of water at 10°C. If the final temperature of the mixture is 20°C, what is the specific heat of the tin?
How many grams of water at 20°C are necessary to change 800 g of water at 90°C to 50°C.
A 159-lb piece of aluminum at 500°F is dropped into 400 lb of water at 60°F. What is the final temperature?
A 42.0-lb piece of steel at 670°F is dropped into 100 lb of water at 75.0°F. What is the final temperature of the mixture?
If 1250 g of copper at 20.0°C is mixed with 500 g of water at 95.0°C, find the final temperature of the mixture.
If 500 g of brass at 200°C and 300 g of steel at 150°C are added to 900 g of water in an aluminum pan of mass 150 g both at 20.0°C, find the final temperature, assuming no loss of heat to the
The following data were collected in the laboratory to determine the specific heat of an unknown metal:Mass of copper calorimeter ............. 153 gSpecific heat of calorimeter ............. 0.092
The following data were collected in the laboratory to determine the specific heat of an unknown metal:Mass of aluminum calorimeter ........... 132 gSpecific heat of calorimeter ............. 920
Determine the original temperature of a 560-g piece of lead placed in a 165-g brass calorimeter that contains 325 g of water. The initial temperature of the water and calorimeter was 18.0°C. The
1. How much heat must be absorbed by its surroundings to cool a 565-g cube of iron from 100.0°C to 20.0°C?2. How much water at 0°C would be needed to cool the iron in Problem 12 to 20.0°C?
The specific heat of water is 4190 J/kg °C. The specific heat of steel is 481 J/kg °C. Why may you burn your tongue on hot coffee but not on the spoon when both are at the same temperature?
1. Find the increase in length of copper tubing 200.0 ft long at 40.0°F when it is heated to 200.0°F.2. Find the increase in length of a zinc rod 50.0 m long at 15.0°C when it is heated to
1. A brass rod 1.020 m long expands 3.0 mm when it is heated. Find the temperature change.2. The road bed on a bridge 500.0 ft long is made of concrete. What allowance is needed for temperatures of
A brass ball with diameter 12.000 cm is 0.011 cm too large to pass through a hole in a copper plate when the ball and plate are at a temperature of 20.0°C. What is the temperature of the ball when
1. A brass cylinder has a cross-sectional area of 482 cm2 at – 5°C. Find its change in area when heated to 95°C.2. The volume of the cylinder in Problem 11 is 4820 cm3 at 240.0°C. Find its
The diameter of a hole drilled through brass at 21°C measures 6.500 cm. Find the diameter and area of the hole when the brass is heated to 175°C.
Steel rails 15.000 m long are laid at 10.0°C. How much space should be left between them if they are to just touch at 35.0°C?
Steel beams 60.000 ft long are placed in a highway overpass to allow for expansion and contraction. The temperature range allowance is – 30°F to 130°F.(a) Find the space allowance (in inches)
1. The spaces between 13.00-m steel rails are 0.711 cm at – 15°C. If the rails touch at 35.5°C, what is the coefficient of linear expansion?2. A section of concrete dam is a rectangular solid
What is the final volume of a glass right circular cylinder with original height 1.200 m and radius 30.00 cm that is heated from 13.0°C to 56.0°C?
A metal bar at 21.0°C is 2.6000 m long. If the bar is heated to 93.0°C, its change in length is 3.40 mm. What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the bar?
1. A quantity of carbon tetrachloride occupies 625 L at 12°C. Find its volume at 48°C.2. Some mercury occupies 157 in3 at – 30°F. What is its change in volume when heated to 90°F?3. Some
1. Some water at 180°F occupies 3780 ft3. What is its volume at 122°F?2. A 1200-Ltank of petroleum is completely filled at 9°C. How much spills over if the temperature rises to 45°C?3. Find the
1. A gasoline service station owner receives a truckload of 34,000 L of gasoline at 32°C. It cools to 15°C in the underground tank. At 75 cents/L, how much money is lost as a result of the
1. How many calories of heat are required to melt 14.0 g of ice at 0°C?2. How many pounds of ice at 32°F can be melted by the addition of 635 Btu of heat?3. How many Btu of heat are required to
1. How many calories of heat are given off when 3250 g of steam is condensed to water at 100°C?2. How many joules of heat are required to melt 20.0 kg of ice at 0°C?3. How many kilocalories of heat
How many Btu of heat are required to melt 33.0 lb of ice at 32°F and to raise the temperature of the melted ice to 72°F?
How many Btu of heat are released when 20.0 lb of water at 80°F is cooled to 32°F and then frozen in an ice plant?
How many Btu of heat are required to change 9.00 lb of ice at 10°F to steam at 232°F?
How many calories of heat are released when 200 g of steam at 120°C is changed to ice at – 12°C?
How many kilocalories of heat are required to melt 50.0 kg of ice at 0°C and to raise the temperature of the melted ice to 20°C?
How many joules of heat are required to melt 15.0 kg of ice at 0°C and to raise the temperature of the melted ice to 75°C?
How many joules of heat need to be removed from 1.25 kg of steam at 115°C to condense it to water and cool the water to 50°C?
How many kcal of heat are needed to vaporize 5.00 kg of water at 100°C and raise the temperature of the steam to 145°C?
How many calories of heat are needed to change 625 g of ice at – 24.0°C to steam at 132.0°C?
How many Btu of heat must be withdrawn from 5.65 lb of steam at 236.0°F to change it to ice at 12.0°F?
How many kilocalories of heat are needed to change 143 N of ethyl alcohol at 65.0°C to vapor?
How many joules of heat does 620 g of mercury require to go from a solid at – 38.9°C to vapor?
1. Change 344 K to degrees Celsius.2. Change 24°C to Kelvin.3. Change 5110°C to degrees Fahrenheit.4. Change 635°F to degrees Celsius.5. Find the amount of heat in cal generated by 43.0 J of
Find the heat flow during 4.10 h through a glass window of thickness 0.15 in. with an area of 33 ft2 if the average outer surface temperature is 22°F and the average inner glass surface is 48°F.
Find the heat flow in 25.0 days through a freezer door 80.0 cm x 144 cm insulated with cellulose fiber 4.0 cm thick. The temperature inside the freezer is –14°C. Room temperature is 22°C.
How many Btu of heat must be added to 835 lb of steel to raise its temperature from 20.0°F to 455°F?
How many kcal of heat must be added to 148 kg of aluminum to raise its temperature from 21.5°C to 485°C?
A 161-kg steam boiler is made of steel and contains 1127 N of water at 8.9°C. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of both the boiler and the water to 100°C?
A 3.80-lb piece of copper is dropped into 8.35 lb of water at 48.0°F. The final temperature is 98.2°F. What was the initial temperature of the copper?
A 355-g piece of metal at 48.0°C is dropped into 111 g of water at 15.0°C. If the final temperature of the mixture is 32.5°C, what is the specific heat of the metal?
A brass rod 45.2 cm long expands 0.734 mm when heated. Find the temperature change.
The length of a steel rod at 5°C is 12.500 m. What is its length when heated to 154°C?
The diameter of a hole drilled through aluminum at 22°C is 7.50 mm. Find the diameter and the area of the hole at 89°C.
1. A steel ball has a radius of 1.54 cm at 35°C. Find its change in volume when the temperature is increased to 84.5°C.2. Find the increase in volume of 44.8 L of acetone when it is heated from
How many kcal of heat must be withdrawn from 4.56 kg of steam at 125°C to change it to ice at – 44.5°C?
How many joules of heat are required to change 336 g of ethyl alcohol from a solid at –117°C to a vapor at 78.5°C?
1. Which of the following are methods of heat transfer?(a) Convection(b) Conduction(c) Temperature(d) Radiation(e) Potential energy2. Which of the following are good conductors of heat?(a) Air(b)
1. The rate of evaporation from the surface of a liquid depends on(a) The temperature.(b) The volatility of the liquid.(c) The mass density of the liquid.(d) The air pressure above the liquid.2. The
1. In your own words, describe the method of mixtures.2. What is the mechanical equivalent of heat in the U.S. system?3. Which other temperature scale is closely related to the Fahrenheit scale?4.
1. Distinguish between heat and temperature.2. Give three examples of the conversion of heat into useful work.
1. Give three examples of the conversion of work into heat.2. Should you wear light- or dark-colored clothing on a hot sunny summer day? Explain.3. Does the area of a hole cut out of a metal block
(a) At what temperature does water have its highest density?(b) How does water differ from other liquids in this regard?(c) What is the impact of this unique characteristic of water?
1. Which would cool a hot object better: 10 kg of water at 0°C or 10 kg of ice at 0°C?Explain.2. Steam can cause much more severe burns than hot water. Explain.3. Why are ice cubes often observed
In your own words, describe each method of heat transfer.
1. Describe why automotive cooling systems are designed to operate at elevated pressures.2. Explain how a heat pump works to heat in the winter and cool in the summer.
Fran purchases a 1.85-ft3, helium-filled Mylar® balloon in a store with an inside temperature of 65.5°F. When she walks outside, the air temperature is only 11.0°F. (a) What happens to the balloon
An automobile tire is filled to an air pressure of 32 lb/in2 at an air temperature of 40°F.(a) After the car is driven for a period of time, the temperature of the air inside the tire increases to
A 15.0-cm-long cylinder has a movable piston with radius 2.00 cm.(a) What is the volume of the cylinder?(b) If the initial air pressure is 101 kPa at 0.0°C, what is the air pressure inside the
A 0.0300-m3 steel tank containing helium is stored at 20.0°C under a pressure of 22.5 x 103 kPa.(a) If the helium is released into a standard 20.0°C, 1010-kPa atmosphere, how much volume will the
A lightweight weather-collecting sensor is attached to a 2.50-L balloon. The balloon is released on a day when the temperature is 23.4°C and the atmospheric pressure is 1.35 x 105 Pa. The balloon
1. Change 15°C to K. 2. Change –14°C to K.3. Change 317K to °C.4. Change 235K to °C.5. Change 72°F to °R.6. Change –55°F to °R.7. Change 550°R to °F.8. Change 375°R to °F.Use V/T =
Use V/T = V'/T' to find each quantity:1. V = 200 ft3, T' = 95°F, V' = 250 ft3, find T.2. V = 19.7 L, T = 51°C, V' = 25.2 L, find T'.3. Some gas occupies a volume of 325 m3 at 41°C. What is its
A balloon contains 26.0 L of hydrogen at 40.0°F. What is the Kelvin temperature change needed to make the balloon expand to 36.0 L?
Using Charles’s law, determine the effect (a) On the temperature of a gas when the volume is doubled.(b) On the temperature of a gas when the volume is tripled.(c) On the volume when temperature is
1. If 38.0 L of hydrogen is heated to 110°C and expands to 90.0 L, what was the original temperature?2. A tank contains 3.00 L of acetylene at 4.00°C. Find the volume at 12.0°C.3. A hot air
Use V / V' = P' / P or D / D' = P / P' to find each quantity. (All pressures are absolute unless otherwise stated,1. V' = 315 cm3, P = 101 kPa, P' = 85.0 kPa; find V.2. V = 450 L, V' = 700 L, P = 750
1. P = 51.0 psi, P' = 65.3 psi, D' = 0.231 Ib/ft3; find D.2. Some air at 22.5 psi occupies 1400in3. What is its volume at 18.0 psi?3. Some nitrogen at a pressure of 110.0 kPa occupies 185 m3. Find
1. Some methane at 500 kPa gauge pressure occupies 750 m3. What is its gauge pressure if its volume is 500 m3?2. Some helium at 15.0 psi gauge pressure occupies 20.0 ft3. Find its volume at 20.0 psi
Some oxygen at 87.6 psi (absolute) occupies 75.0 in3. Find its volume if its absolute pressure is (a) Doubled.(b) Tripled.(c) Halved.
A gas at 300 kPa (absolute) occupies 40.0 m3. Find its absolute pressure if its volume is (a) Doubled.(b) Tripled.(c) Halved.
A volume of 58.0 L of hydrogen is heated from 33°C to 68°C. If its original density is 4.85 kg/m3 and its original absolute pressure is 120 kPa, what is the resulting density?
Some argon gas is in a 42.0-L container at a pressure of 320 kPa. What is the pressure if it is transferred to a container with a volume of 51.0 L?
A 2.00-L plastic bottle contains air at a pressure of 33.0 kPa. A person squeezes the bottle, resulting in a pressure of 57.0 kPa. What is the new volume of the container?
The 3.25-cm3 volume of air remaining in a water balloon is reduced to 2.75 cm3 upon impact when the air pressure is 48.3 kPa.(a) Is the original pressure more or less than that upon impact?(b) Find
A mass of 1.31 kg of neon is in a 3.00-m3 container at a pressure of 121 kPa. When the pressure is reduced to 97.4 kPa, what is the final density?
The air density in a tractor tire is 1.40 kg/m3 at a pressure of 314 kPa.(a) As the air pressure increases to 700 kPa does the final density of the air increase or decrease?(b) What is the resulting
An unknown gas is in a tank at 13.3 kPa. (a) If the density of the gas changes from 1.45 kg/m3 to 1.35 kg/m3, will the resulting pressure be higher or lower than the original pressure? (b) Find the
Use VP / T = V'P' / T' to find each quantity. (All pressures are absolute unless otherwise stated).1. P = 825 psi, T = 575°R, V' = 1550 in3, P' = 615 psi, T' = 525°R; find V.2. V = 500 in3, T =
1. We have 800 m3 of natural gas at 235 kPa at 30°C. What is the temperature if the volume is changed to 1200m3 at 215 kPa?2. We have 1400 L of nitrogen at 135 kPa at 54°C. What is the temperature
An ideal gas occupies a volume of 5.00 L at STP.(a) What is its temperature if its volume is halved and its absolute pressure is doubled? (b) What is its temperature if its volume is doubled and
Some propane occupies 2.00 m3 at 18.0°C at an absolute pressure of 3.50 x 105N/m2. (a) Find the absolute pressure (in kPa) at the same temperature when the volume is halved. (b) Find the new
1. A balloon with volume 3200 mL of xenon gas is at a gauge pressure of 122 kPa and a temperature of 27°C. What is the volume when the balloon is heated to 65°C and the gauge pressure is decreased
All pressures are absolute unless otherwise stated.1. A gas occupies 13.5 ft3 at 35.8°F. What will the volume of this gas be at 88.6°F if the pressure is constant?2. A gas occupies 3.45 m3 at
1. Some air at 276 kPa occupies 32.4 m3. What is its absolute pressure if its volume is doubled at constant temperature?2. Some helium at 17.5 psi gauge pressure occupies 35.0 ft3. What is the volume
A welding tank has a gas pressure of 1950 psi at 38°F. (a) What is the new pressure if the temperature rises to 98°F?(b) What is the temperature if the gas pressure falls to 1870 psi?
An ideal gas occupies a volume of 4.50 L at STP. What is its gauge pressure (in kPa) if the volume is halved and the absolute temperature is doubled?
An ideal gas occupies a volume of 5.35 L at STP. What is its gauge pressure (in kPa) if the volume is halved and the temperature is increased by 45.5°C?
1. A volume of 1120 L of helium at 4000 Pa is heated from 45°C to 77°C increasing the pressure to 6000 Pa. What is the resulting volume of the gas?2. In a 47-cm-tall cylinder of radius 7.0 cm,
1. The gas law that relates volume and temperature is called(a) Boyle’s law.(b) Hooke’s law.(c) Charles’s law.(d) None of the above.2. The gas law that relates volume and pressure is called(a)
1. Describe the conditions of standard temperature and pressure.2. Describe what happens to the volume of a gas if its temperature and pressure increase.3. Describe what happens to the temperature of
A circular ring of iron has a tight- fitting iron bar across its diameter, as illustrated in Fig. 10.21. If the arrangement is heated in an oven to a high temperature, will the circular ring be
Equal volumes of helium gas (He) and neon gas (Ne) at the same temperature ( and pressure) are on opposite sides of a porous membrane (Fig. 10.22). Describe what happens after a period of time, and

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