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business
business ethics
Business Ethics And Values 4th Edition Colin Fisher, Alan Lovell, Néstor Valero-Silva - Solutions
Argue about the validity of particular values and ethical standards of different countries.
Evaluate the options for responding to the ethical issues and dilemmas that arise from international business and globalisation.
Relate these issues to the debates about ethical universalism and ethical relativism.
Understand the processes of learning that occur when people with partly overlapping but partly distinct values interact.
The basic structure of the dialectic is explained on p.195. In this definition box we will describe a particular sequence of dialectics, part of a wider set of dialectics described in the Phenomenology of Spirit (Hegel, 2003: 104–30). The three dialectic processes are:a. the dialectic of
If you were a human resource manager responsible for improving cooperation and communication between employees (who come from different cultural backgrounds but who work together in teams in your transnational company), what practical recommendations would you make for training or development
When should the demands, expectations or values of the state outweigh the values and social expectations of religious, national or ethnic groups?Consider the following examples.
When the state’s health and safety laws imply that the wearing of a certain national dress in a production plant would be a health and safety hazard.
When the state’s belief in secularism is challenged by Muslim women’s insistence on wearing the hijab (head scarf). This issue was highlighted in 2004 when France passed a law that prohibited Muslim schoolgirls wearing the hijab in schools.
In what circumstances should an MNE withdraw from a country for ethical reasons?Illustrate your argument with examples.
To what extent does the UN Global Compact represent an innovative and effective approach to the governance of MNEs?
What responsibilities, if any, do MNEs have in helping countries develop fair and effective systems of governance?
Does the expansion of international trade benefit everybody? Does it matter if it does not?
Define globalisation and the ethical issues that it raises.
Evaluate the evidence and arguments concerning the fairness of the economic impact of world trade liberalisation.
Evaluate the roles of multinational enterprises in relation to developing the institutions of ethical business practice.
Identify the potential for close relationships between multinational enterprises and governments to damage ethically responsible business practices.
Identify the risks to peace and stability that multinational enterprises may cause by their operations in politically and militarily unstable regions.
Judge the arguments for multinational enterprises remaining within ethically dubious countries, and trying to change things from the inside, or for withdrawing.
Rehearse the argument about the social and cultural impact of globalisation.
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to developing codes and compacts for the conduct of international business.
The harm caused by an event such as the Bhopal gas leak can have consequences for many years; yet the corporations, who may be liable for the harm through their negligence, cannot, as commercial organisations, tolerate having long-term, open-ended liabilities on their balance sheets. Discuss
Use a World Wide Web search engine to find material on the relationships between the American oil company Halliburton and the American administration of President Bush concerning the re-building of Iraq after the defeat of Saddam Hussein. Discuss the issues the case raises about close connections
Corporations working in politically troubled areas will often need the support of the local government. This might lead such corporations to assume that their ally’s enemy is also their enemy, and cause them to come into conflict with local communities, who are antagonistic towards the
In the past western governments have sometimes assumed sovereign powers in other countries to secure vital trade links. Two examples are the US government and the Panama Canal, and the British and French governments which had control over the Suez Canal. Use a World Wide Web search engine to
Draw up and discuss guidelines that could be used to help a company decide whether a country it was working in had such a corrupt government and institutions that they should withdraw from it.
Should the response to the difficulties in implementing voluntary codes illustrated in Case studies 12.8 and 12. 9 be:n to work harder at convincing companies to adhere to the codes; or n to pass legislation in the companies’ base countries that make it illegal not to adhere to the codes?
Are NGOs who work to improve the social and environmental responsibility of corporations more ethical, and less in need of being brought to account, than the corporations they criticise?
Should the law make it easier for corporations to be wound up if they are found to have acted unethically and caused great harm?
What is moral imagination and how might it be applied in corporate decision making?
In what ways, at both the institutional and the organisational levels, might changes be made that would encourage managers to recognise and respond to ethical issue in organisations?
Identify the main challenges and issues concerning the place and role of business ethics in management and business.
Consider a number of proposals that are designed to confront these challenges and issues.
Evaluate the ways in which a willingness to look at the particularities of cases and to apply moral imagination can lead to a more ethical position than responding to all ethical problems on a routine basis.
Identify some of the barriers that prevent people having the will to act according to their conscience.
Identify ways in which habits and cultures could be developed in an organisation that encourages people to act as moral agents.
How should the industry decide which alcoholic drinks it is socially responsible to manufacture and sell?
To what extent should the owners of pubs, clubs and bars be responsible for any alcohol-related antisocial behaviour that happens in their locality? Should they be responsible for the consequent policing costs?
What are the arguments for and against alcohol labelling and health warnings on alcoholic beverages? What positions do you think the different stakeholders of the industry would take?
Ayn Rand, in her novels, stresses her admiration for individual strength, will power and self-responsibility. If these things are important (and you may disagree)does it follow that there should be little legal or self-regulatory constraint on the advertising and promotion of alcoholic beverages?
In utilitarian terms, do the pleasures experienced by the many who drink responsibly outweigh the pains caused by the minority who do not? If they do does it matter?
Does the pub and bar industry do enough to promote a continental style drinking culture in the UK? Would it be in their financial interests to do so?
What are the arguments for and against 24-hour licensing from the viewpoints of different stakeholders?
How important is corporate reputation to companies in the industry; and if it is important, does this create a business case for companies to take corporate social responsibility seriously?
If it is true that working as a waiter or bar staff in continental Europe is seen as a respectable job that people of many ages do, in contrast with the UK where such work is seen as of little worth, to what extent have companies in the UK industry fostered this attitude; and what impact does it
Which is more appropriate for the alcoholic drinks industry:n self-regulation or legislative and governmental control?n codes of ethics or codes of conduct?
Is investment in alcoholic drinks manufacturing and retailing companies an ethical investment?
What should be the relative roles of the government, companies, communities and individuals in dealing with alcohol-related social and health problems?
Why do you think it is important for companies in public ownership to demonstrate their compliance with good corporate governance of openness, transparency and accountability when compared to private companies? And why do you think the media were of the opinion that Glencore would find that
The case study presents a number of possible reasons for Glencore undertaking an IPO and going into public ownership. Rank these reasons in an order of importance to Glencore and explain your reasoning behind your ranking.
The case study identifies that a key source of Glencore’s competitive advantage is to be the first to know and the first to act. Speed, efficiency and effectiveness are the key factors here. On the other hand undertaking due diligence of suppliers to ensure their ethical compliance takes time and
Assess the associations between the non-executive directors and Glencore’s senior executives. Do you think close associations as described in the case study are inevitable in the commercial world in order to ensure the highest levels of experience and expertise? Or do you think the relationships
Do you think the non-selection of Lord Browne as chairman of the BoD was damaging to Glencore or was too much made of it by the media? You may wish to read Robert Peston’s BBC blog at http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/robertpeston/2011/04/browne_not_going_to_glencore.html)
Why do you think there is a lower female representation on UK company boards compared to male representation? Do you think formal policy is needed in this area or do you think Simon Murray’s concerns were justified to some extent?You may wish to read Lord Davies’ report which can be obtained
Discuss whether you think it makes a difference how the reward, salary, bonuses or dividends, for Glencore’s success is received. Consider aspects such as who makes the decisions on executive remuneration, bonuses and dividends.When does such reward become excessive?
Were investors right to be concerned about the small proportion of shares offered for public sale by Glencore? How do you think the interests of such shareholders are affected negatively? To what extent do you think the tie-in period of five years will reduce this issue?
Comment on the LSE’s and UKLA’s apparent strategy of attracting new companies to list in London. How would you respond to the comments made in the case study on the UKLA’s role? Who should monitor corporate governance compliance by UK companies?
Analyse an ethical issue that you have experienced at work using the categories, conscience: ethical reasoning: expectations of others: options for action framework presented in Figure5.3.
Discuss the ethics of downsizing using the framework of stances presented in Figure5.1. Illustrate your arguments by reference to particular cases of downsizing.
How effective is Kohlberg’s model of moral development, which was based on studies of children, to understanding the behaviour of managers when faced with ethical issues?
What range of factors might influence how a manager responds to an ethical situation at work? How important are the cultural factors in relation to other influences?
This small example provides an illustration of how particulars may serve to challenge categorisations. Can you think of other examples?
Describe, using the categories in Table5.1, the respondent’s view of the problem described, in the interview above, under the headings of conscience, ethical reasoning, the positions of others involved and practical action. The issue concerned making a building appropriate for disabled people to
Explain the different ways in which people may respond to ethical issues at work.
Use this understanding to think about their own reactions to ethical issues.
Explain the processes of categorisation and particularisation in ethical thinking.
Explain the range of factors that influence how people respond to ethical issues at work.
Debate the strength of the arguments that seek to change the terminology for describing those who reveal organisational malpractices as whistleblowers.
To gain the protection of the Public Interest Disclosure Act, those who reveal organisational malpractices have to satisfy a number of conditions that witnesses in other criminal investigations do not have to satisfy, e.g. deriving no financial gain from the case and not having been involved in the
Evaluate the argument that internal whistleblowing procedures are an essential part of any learning organisation.
Assume that a person has responded to Activity 5.1 in the following way. He has indicated:an extreme level of anger (point 10 on the scale) in response to Case A;a high level of support (point 2 on the scale) in Case B; and a fair degree of anger (point 6 on the scale) in Case C.Discuss the factors
If your knowledge of an organisational malpractice could, if revealed, cause job losses among your colleagues and possibly harm their pension funds, do you believe that you could undertake a whistleblowing act?
What, if any, organisational issue would be likely to force you ultimately to whistleblow?
Examine the various issues that relate to the act of whistleblowing.
Debate the role that whistleblowing potentially has to play within corporate governance processes.
Discuss possible explanations of the whistleblower’s plight.
Evaluate the legislation that seeks to protect whistleblowers in the UK.
The ethical principles that underpin official approaches towards corporate governance in South Africa (the King Report) and the UK (2003 Combined Code) both defend issues of rights, but the extent of those rights and to whom they relate varies significantly. Debate, using contrast and comparison,
What impact has the UK Bribery Act had on organisations’ internal governance policies and procedures designed to prevent bribe giving and receiving?
International codes of conduct reflect attempts to move a more socially oriented agenda into the boardrooms of corporations. Employing three different international codes,(a) compare and contrast the ethical principles upon which each is based; and(b) given the explicit or implicit objectives of
In addition to the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act (2007), the EU has made some proposals and Clarkson (1998) has proposed the application of mens rea. Discuss and contrast where the conceptual and practical strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches lie.
Compare and contrast the best practice standards just discussed. Identify the relevant strengths and weaknesses of each. Which would you recommend to a multinational company?
Debate the scope and appropriateness of developments in Anglo-American corporate governance since the early 1990s.
Discuss the challenges posed to Anglo-American development in corporate governance by the King Report.
Review international standards for corporate responsibility and accountability.
Why have codes of ethics become so commonplace in corporations and how useful are they?
Draft a code of conduct to cover e-communications (e-mail, web use and so on).Explain and justify your proposed code.
What are the drawbacks and problems associated with codes of ethics?
Discuss the role of leadership and organisational culture in developing a socially responsible company.
Discuss the pressures upon organisations to employ codes of practice.
Differentiate between various types of codes.
Describe the practical problems faced when drafting codes.
Understand the arguments for and against the employment of codes of practice within organisations.
Show an awareness that codes of practice can sometimes conflict with one another, creating organisational tensions.
Understand the significance and power of organisational culture and unwritten codes of conduct.
Evaluate the role of ethical leadership.
Evaluate the role of public pressure on maintaining organisational good behaviour.
A research and consultancy company with a small staff of professional IT employees; and
A large call centre dealing with service and other enquiries differ?If they do differ, why?
When, and why, did corporate social responsibility (CSR) become an important issue for organisations?
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