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Statistics The Exploration And Analysis Of Data 007th Edition Roxy Peck, Ay L Devore - Solutions

Acrylic bone cement is commonly used in total joint replacement to secure the artificial joint. Data on the force (measured in Newtons, N) required to break a cement bond under two different temperature conditions and in two different mediums appear in the accompanying table. (These data are
The article “Genetic Tweak Turns Promiscuous Animals Into Loyal Mates” (Los Angeles Times, June 17, 2004) summarizes the results of a research study that appeared in the June 2004 issue of Nature. In this study, 11 male meadow voles who had a single gene introduced into a specific part of the
The paper “The Observed Effects of Teenage Passengers on the Risky Driving Behavior of Teenage Drivers” (Accident Analysis and Prevention [2005]:973– 982) investigated the driving behavior of teenagers by observing their vehicles as they left a high school park ing lot and then again at a
Fumonisins are environmental toxins produced by a type of mold and have been found in corn and in products made from raw corn. The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition provided recommendations on allowable fumonisin levels in human food and in animal feed based on a study of corn meal. The
A researcher at the Medical College of Virginia conducted a study of 60 randomly selected male soccer players and concluded that frequently “heading” the ball in soccer lowers players’ IQs (USA Today, August 14, 1995). The soccer players were divided into two groups, based on whether they
Do certain behaviors result in a severe drain on energy resources because a great deal of energy is expended in comparison to energy intake? The article “The Energetic Cost of Courtship and Aggression in a Plethodontid Salamander” (Ecology [1983]: 979– 983)reported on one of the few studies
The humorous paper “Will Humans Swim Faster or Slower in Syrup?” (American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal [2004]: 2646– 2647) investigates the fluid mechanics of swimming. Twenty swimmers each swam a specified distance in a water-filled pool and in a pool in which the water was
The study described in the paper “Marketing Actions Can Modulate Neural Representation of Experienced Pleasantness” (Proceedings of the National Academy of Science [2008]: 1050–1054) investigated whether price affects people’s judgment. Twenty people each tasted six cabernet sauvignon wines
In the experiment described in the paper “Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Induces Changes in EEG in Human Volunteers” (Particle and Fibre Toxicology[2007]), 10 healthy men were exposed to diesel exhaust for 1 hour. A measure of brain activity (called median power frequency, or MPF) was recorded at
The paper “The Truth About Lying in Online Dating Profiles” (Proceedings, Computer-Human Interactions [2007]: 1–4) describes an investigation in which 40 men and 40 women with online dating profiles agreed to participate in a study. Each participant’s height(in inches) was measured and the
The press release titled “Keeping Score When It counts: Graduation Rates and Academic Progress Rates” (The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport, March 16, 2009) gave the 2009 graduation rates for African-American basketball players and for white basketball players at every NCAA Division
Breast feeding sometimes results in a temporary loss of bone mass as calcium is depleted in the mother’s body to provide for milk production. The paper “Bone Mass Is Recovered from Lactation to Postweaning in Adolescent Mothers with Low Calcium Intakes”(American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
The article “More Students Taking AP Tests”(San Luis Obispo Tribune, January 10, 2003) provided the following information on the percentage of students in grades 11 and 12 taking one or more AP exams and the percentage of exams that earned credit in 1997 and 2002 for seven high schools on the
Babies born extremely prematurely run the risk of various neurological problems and tend to have lower IQ and verbal ability scores than babies that are not premature. The article “Premature Babies May Recover Intelligence, Study Says” (San Luis Obispo Tribune, February 12, 2003) summarized the
The director of the Kaiser Family Foundation’s Program for the Study of Entertainment Media and Health said, “It’s not just teenagers who are wired up and tuned in, its babies in diapers as well.” A study by Kaiser Foundation provided one of the first looks at media use among the very
The paper “The Psychological Consequences of Money” (Science [2006]: 1154–1156) describes several experiments designed to investigate the way in which money can change behavior. In one experiment, participants completed one of two versions of a task in which they were given lists of five
Do you think that helium-filled balls will tend to travel farther than air-filled balls when kicked? Before looking at the data, write a few sentences indicating what you think the outcome of this experiment was and describing the reasoning that supports your prediction.
The data from this experiment can be found in the Data and Story Library at the following web site:http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/DASL/Datafiles/heliumfootball.html Go to this web site and print out the data for the 39 trials.
There are two samples in this data set. One consists of distances traveled for the 39 kicks of the air-filled football, and the other consists of the 39 distances for the helium-filled football. Are these samples independent or paired? Explain.
Carry out an appropriate hypothesis test to determine whether there is convincing evidence that the mean distance traveled is greater for a helium-filled football than for an air-filled football.
Is the conclusion in the test of Step 4 consistent with your initial prediction of the outcome of this experiment? Explain.
Write a paragraph for the sports section of your school newspaper describing this experiment and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
Working in a group, design an experiment to investigate the given research question that would result in independent samples. Be sure to describe how you plan to measure quickness of reflexes, what extraneous variables will be directly controlled, and the role that randomization plays in your
How would you modify the design from Step 1 so that the resulting data are paired? Is the way in which randomization is incorporated into the new design different from the way it is incorporated in the design from Step 1? Explain.
Which of the two proposed designs would you recommend, and why?
If assigned to do so by your instructor, carry out one of your experiments and analyze the resulting data.Write a brief report that describes the experimental design, includes both graphical and numerical summaries of the resulting data, and communicates the conclusions that follow from your data
Do faculty and students have similar perceptions of what types of behavior are inappropriate in the classroom?This question was examined by the author of the article“Faculty and Student Perceptions of Classroom Etiquette” (Journal of College Student Development (1998):515– 516). Each
Are girls less inclined to enroll in science courses than boys? One study (“Intentions of Young Students to Enroll in Science Courses in the Future: An Examination of Gender Differences,” Science Education[1999]: 55–76) asked randomly selected fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-graders how many
A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of the paper “Effects of Short-Term
The Oregon Department of Health web site provides information on the cost-to-charge ratio (the percentage of billed charges that are actual costs to the hospital). The cost-to-charge ratios for both inpatient and outpatient care in 2002 for a sample of six hospitals in Oregon follow.Hospital 2002
In a study of a proposed approach for diabetes prevention, 339 people under the age of 20 who were thought to be at high risk of developing type I diabetes were assigned at random to two groups. One group received twice-daily injections of a low dose of insulin. The other group (the control) did
When a surgeon repairs injuries, sutures (stitched knots) are used to hold together and stabilize the injured area. If these knots elongate and loosen through use, the injury may not heal properly because the tissues would not be optimally positioned. Researchers at the University of California,
In a study of memory recall, eight students from a large psychology class were selected at random and given 10 minutes to memorize a list of 20 nonsense words. Each was asked to list as many of the words as he or she could remember both 1 hour and 24 hours later.The data are as shown in the
As part of a study to determine the effects of allowing the use of credit cards for alcohol purchases in Canada (see “Changes in Alcohol Consumption Patterns Following the Introduction of Credit Cards in Ontario Liquor Stores,” Journal of Studies on Alcohol[1999]: 378– 382), randomly selected
Several methods of estimating the number of seeds in soil samples have been developed by ecologists.An article in the Journal of Ecology (“A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Seed Numbers in the Soil”[1990]: 1079– 1093) considered three such methods. The accompanying data give number of
The article “Truth and DARE: Tracking Drug Education to Graduation” (Social Problems [1994]: 448–456) compared the drug use of 288 randomly selected high school seniors exposed to a drug education program(DARE) and 335 randomly selected high school seniors who were not exposed to such a
The article “Softball Sliding Injuries” (American Journal of Diseases of Children [1988]: 715– 716) provided a comparison of breakaway bases (designed to reduce injuries) and stationary bases. Consider the accompanying data(which agree with summary values given in the paper).Number of Games
Wayne Gretzky was one of ice hockey’s most prolific scorers when he played for the Edmonton Oilers.During his last season with the Oilers, Gretzky played in 41 games and missed 17 games due to injury. The article“The Great Gretzky” (Chance [1991]: 16– 21) looked at the number of goals
Here’s one to sink your teeth into: The authors of the article “Analysis of Food Crushing Sounds During Mastication: Total Sound Level Studies” (Journal of Texture Studies [1990]: 165– 178) studied the nature of sounds generated during eating. Peak loudness (in decibels at 20 cm away) was
Are very young infants more likely to imitate actions that are modeled by a person or simulated by an object? This question was the basis of a research study summarized in the article “The Role of Person and Object in Eliciting Early Imitation” (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology [1991]:
Dentists make many people nervous (even more so than statisticians!). To see whether such nervousness elevates blood pressure, the blood pressure and pulse rates of 60 subjects were measured in a dental setting and in a medical setting (“The Effect of the Dental Setting on Blood Pressure
Key terms in survey questions too often are not well understood, and such ambiguity can affect responses. As an example, the article “How Unclear Terms Affect Survey Data” (Public Opinion Quarterly [1992]:218– 231) described a survey in which each individual in a sample was asked, “Do you
Samples of both surface soil and subsoil were taken from eight randomly selected agricultural locations in a particular county. The soil samples were analyzed to determine both surface pH and subsoil pH, with the results shown in the accompanying table.Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Surface pH 6.55 5.98
From the given information in each case below, state what you know about the P-value for a chi-square test and give the conclusion for a significance level of a .01.a. X2 7.5, df 2d. X2 21.3, df 4b. X2 13.0, df 6e. X2 5.0, df 3c. X2 18.0, df 9
The article “In Bronx, Hitting Home Runs Is A Breeze” (USA Today, June 2, 2009) included a classification of 87 home runs hit at the new Yankee Stadium according to direction that the ball was hit, resulting in the accompanying data.Direction Left Field Left Center Center Right Center Right
The authors of the paper “Racial Stereotypes in Children’s Television Commercials” (Journal of Advertising Research [2008]: 80–93) counted the number of times that characters of different ethnicities appeared in commercials aired on Philadelphia television stations, resulting in the data in
The paper “Sociochemosensory and Emotional Functions” (Psychological Science [2009]: 1118–1124)describes an interesting experiment to determine if college students can identify their roommates by smell. Forty-four female college students participated as subjects in the experiment. Each
The paper “Cigarette Tar Yields in Relation to Mortality from Lung Cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Prospective Cohort” (British Medical Journal[2004]: 72–79) included the accompanying data on the tar level of cigarettes smoked for a sample of male smokers who subsequently died of
The paper referenced in the previous exercise also gave the accompanying data on the age at which smoking started for a sample of 1031 men who smoked low-tar cigarettes.Age Frequency16 237 16–17 258 18–20 32021 216a. Use a chi-square goodness-of-fit test to test the null hypothesis H0: p1
The report “Fatality Facts 2004: Bicycles” (Insurance Institute, 2004) included the following table classifying 715 fatal bicycle accidents according to time of day the accident occurred.Time of Day Number of Accidents Midnight to 3 a.m. 38 3 a.m. to 6 a.m. 29 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. 66 9 a.m. to Noon
The report referenced in the previous exercise(“Fatality Facts 2004: Bicycles”) also classified 719 fatal bicycle accidents according to the month in which the accident occurred, resulting in the accompanying table.Month Number of Accidents January 38 February 32 March 43 April 59 May 78 June
An article about the California lottery that appeared in the San Luis Obispo Tribune (December 15, 1999) gave the following information on the age distribution of adults in California: 35% are between 18 and 34 years old, 51% are between 35 and 64 years old, and 14% are 65 years old or older. The
The article “Linkage Studies of the Tomato”(Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute [1931]:1–19) reported the accompanying data on phenotypes resulting from crossing tall cut-leaf tomatoes with dwarf potato-leaf tomatoes. There are four possible phenotypes: (1) tall cut-leaf, (2) tall
A random sample of 1000 registered voters in a certain county is selected, and each voter is categorized with respect to both educational level (four categories)and preferred candidate in an upcoming election for county supervisor (five possibilities). The hypothesis of interest is that educational
and a .05?
The polling organization Ipsos conducted telephone surveys in March of 2004, 2005, and 2006. In each year, 1001 people age 18 or older were asked about whether they planned to use a credit card to pay federal income taxes that year. The data given in the accompanying table are from the report
The paper “Contemporary College Students and Body Piercing” (Journal of Adolescent Health[2004]: 58–61) described a survey of 450 undergraduate students at a state university in the southwestern region of the United States. Each student in the sample was classified according to class standing
The accompanying data on degree of spirituality for a sample of natural scientists and a sample of social scientists working at research universities appeared in the paper “Conflict Between Religion and Science among Academic Scientists” (Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion [2009]:
The authors of the paper “The Relationship of Field of Study to Current Smoking Status Among College Students” (College Student Journal [2009]:744–754) carried out a study to investigate if smoking rates were different for college students in different majors. Each student in a large random
9.185 8 306 593 899 255.82 643.18 9.844 3.915 9 134 260 394 112.12 281.88 4.272 1.699 Total 1723 4332 6055 Chi-Sq 90.853, DF 8, P-Value 0.000b. Write a few sentences describing how the smoking status categories are related to field of study. (Hint:Focus on cells that have large values of 1observed
The authors of the paper “Movie Character Smoking and Adolescent Smoking: Who Matters More, Good Guys or Bad Guys?” (Pediatrics [2009]:135–141) classified characters who were depicted smoking in movies released between 2000 and 2005. The smoking characters were classified according to sex and
The data in the accompanying table is from the paper “Gender Differences in Food Selections of Students at a Historically Black College and University” (College Student Journal [2009]: 800–806). Suppose that the data resulted from classifying each person in a random sample of 48 male students
In a study of high-achieving high school graduates, the authors of the report “High-Achieving Seniors and the College Decision” (Lipman Hearne, October 2009) surveyed 828 high school graduates who were considered “academic superstars” and 433 graduates who were considered “solid
Does including a gift with a request for a donation affect the proportion who will make a donation? This question was investigated in a study described in the report “Gift-Exchange in the Field” (Institute for the Study of Labor, 2007). In this study, letters were sent to a large number of
The paper “Credit Card Misuse, Money Attitudes, and Compulsive Buying Behavior: Comparison of Internal and External Locus of Control Consumers” (College Student Journal [2009]: 268–275)describes a study that surveyed a sample of college students at two midwestern public universities. Based on
Each person in a large sample of German adolescents was asked to indicate which of 50 popular movies they had seen in the past year. Based on the response, the amount of time (in minutes) of alcohol use contained in the movies the person had watched was estimated.Each person was then classified
In a study to determine if hormone therapy increases risk of venous thrombosis in menopausal women, each person in a sample of 579 women who had been diagnosed with venous thrombosis was classified according to hormone use. Each woman in a sample of 2243 women who had not been diagnosed with venous
The paper “Overweight Among Low-Income Preschool Children Associated with the Consumption of Sweet Drinks” (Pediatrics [2005]: 223–229) described a study of children who were underweight or normal weight at age 2. Children in the sample were classified according to the number of sweet drinks
The 2006 Expedia Vacation Deprivation Survey (Ipsos Insight, May 18, 2006) described the results of a poll of working adults in Canada. Each person in a random sample was classified according to gender and the number of vacation days he or she usually took each year. The resulting data are
A survey was conducted in the San Francisco Bay area in which each participating individual was classified according to the type of vehicle used most often and city of residence. A subset of the resulting data are given in the accompanying table (The Relationship of Vehicle Type Choice to
A story describing a date rape was read by 352 high school students. To investigate the effect of the victim’s clothing on subject’s judgment of the situation described, the story was accompanied by either a photograph of the victim dressed provocatively, a photo of the victim dressed
Can people tell the difference between a female nose and a male nose? This important (?) research question was examined in the article “You Can Tell by the Nose:Judging Sex from an Isolated Facial Feature” (Perception [1995]: 969–973). Eight Caucasian males and eight Caucasian females posed
The following passage is from the paper “Gender Differences in Food Selections of Students at a Historically Black College and University” (College Student Journal [2009]: 800–806):Also significant was the proportion of males and their water consumption (8 oz. servings) compared to females
The press release titled “Nap Time”(pewresearch.org, July 2009) described results from a nationally representative survey of 1488 adult Americans. The survey asked several demographic questions(such as gender, age, and income) and also included a question asking respondents if they had taken a
Each observation in a random sample of 100 bicycle accidents resulting in death was classified according to the day of the week on which the accident occurred. Data consistent with information given on the web site www.highwaysafety.com are given in the following table Day of Week Frequency Sunday
The color vision of birds plays a role in their foraging behavior: Birds use color to select and avoid certain types of food. The authors of the article “Colour Avoidance in Northern Bobwhites: Effects of Age, Sex, and Previous Experience” (Animal Behaviour [1995]:519–526) studied the pecking
In November 2005, an international study to assess public opinion on the treatment of suspected terrorists was conducted (“Most in U.S., Britain, S. Korea and France Say Torture Is OK in at Least Rare Instances,” Associated Press, December 7, 2005). Each individual in random samples of 1000
According to Census Bureau data, in 1998 the California population consisted of 50.7% whites, 6.6%blacks, 30.6% Hispanics, 10.8% Asians, and 1.3% other ethnic groups. Suppose that a random sample of 1000 students graduating from California colleges and universities in 1998 resulted in the
Criminologists have long debated whether there is a relationship between weather and violent crime. The author of the article “Is There a Season for Homicide?”(Criminology [1988]: 287–296) classified 1361 homicides according to season, resulting in the accompanying data. Do these data support
Each boy in a sample of Mexican American males, age 10 to 18, was classified according to smoking status and response to a question asking whether he likes to do risky things. The following table is based on data given in the article “The Association Between Smoking and Unhealthy Behaviors Among
The article “Cooperative Hunting in Lions:The Role of the Individual” (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology [1992]: 445–454) discusses the different roles taken by lionesses as they attack and capture prey.The authors were interested in the effect of the position in line as stalking occurs; an
The authors of the article “A Survey of Parent Attitudes and Practices Regarding Underage Drinking”(Journal of Youth and Adolescence [1995]: 315–334)conducted a telephone survey of parents with preteen and teenage children. One of the questions asked was“How effective do you think you are
The article “Regional Differences in Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment” (Journal of Marriage and Family [1994]: 314–324) presents data resulting from a random sample of 978 adults. Each individual in the sample was asked whether he or she agreed with the following statement: “Sometimes
Jail inmates can be classified into one of the following four categories according to the type of crime committed: violent crime, crime against property, drug offenses, and public-order offenses. Suppose that random samples of 500 male inmates and 500 female inmates are selected, and each inmate is
Drivers born under the astrological sign of Capricorn are the worst drivers in Australia, according to an article that appeared in the Australian newspaper The Mercury (October 26, 1998). This statement was based on a study of insurance claims that resulted in the following data for male
The authors of the paper “Weight-Bearing Activity during Youth Is a More Important Factor for Peak Bone Mass than Calcium Intake” (Journal of Bone and Mineral Research [1994], 1089–1096) studied a number of variables they thought might be related to bone mineral density (BMD). The
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is thought to increase the risk of breast cancer. The accompanying data on x 5 percent of women using HRT and y 5 breast cancer incidence (cases per 100,000 women)for a region in Germany for 5 years appeared in the paper“Decline in Breast Cancer Incidence after
The accompanying summary quantities resulted from a study in which x was the number of photocopy machines serviced during a routine service call and y was the total service time (minutes):n 5 16 a 1 y 2 y2 2 5 22,398.05 a 1 y 2 y^2 2 5 2620.57a. What proportion of observed variation in total
Consider the accompanying data on x 5 advertising share and y 5 market share for a particular brand of soft drink during 10 randomly selected years.x .103 .072 .071 .077 .086 .047 .060 .050 .070 .052 y .135 .125 .120 .086 .079 .076 .065 .059 .051 .039a. Construct a scatterplot for these data. Do
Exercise 13.10 presented y 5 hardness of molded plastic and x 5 time elapsed since the molding was completed.Summary quantities included n 5 15 b 5 2.50 SSResid 5 1235.470 a 1x 2 x2 2 5 4024.20a. Calculate the estimated standard deviation of the statistic b.b. Obtain a 95% confidence interval forb,
A simple linear regression model was used to describe the relationship between sales revenue y (in thousands of dollars) and advertising expenditure x (also in thousands of dollars) for fast-food outlets during a 3-month period. A sample of 15 outlets yielded the accompanying summary quantities.a x
An experiment to study the relationship between x 5 time spent exercising (minutes) and y 5 amount of oxygen consumed during the exercise period resulted in the following summary statistics.n 5 20 a x 5 50 a y 5 16,705 a x2 5 150 a y2 5 14,194,231 a xy 5 44,194a. Estimate the slope and y intercept
The paper “The Effects of Split Keyboard Geometry on Upper Body Postures” (Ergonomics [2009]:104–111) describes a study to determine the effects of several keyboard characteristics on typing speed. One of the variables considered was the front-to-back surface angle of the keyboard. Minitab
1 0.0036 Surface Angle Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 60.0286 0.2466 243.45 0.000 Surface Angle 0.00357 0.03823 0.09 0.931 S 5 0.511766 R-Sq 5 0.3% R-Sq(adj) 5 0.0%Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 1 0.0023 0.0023 0.01 0.931 Residual Error 3 0.7857 0.2619 Total 4 0.7880a.
The authors of the paper “Decreased Brain Volume in Adults with Childhood Lead Exposure” (Public Library of Science Medicine [May 27, 2008]: e112)studied the relationship between childhood environmental lead exposure and a measure of brain volume change in a particular region of the brain. Data
Researchers studying pleasant touch sensations measured the firing frequency (impulses per second) of nerves that were stimulated by a light brushing stroke on the forearm and also recorded the subject’s numerical rating of how pleasant the sensation was. The accompanying data was read from a
The accompanying data were read from a plot(and are a subset of the complete data set) given in the article “Cognitive Slowing in Closed-Head Injury”(Brain and Cognition [1996]: 429– 440). The data represent the mean response times for a group of individuals with closed-head injury (CHI) and
Exercise 13.16 described a regression analysis in which y 5 sales revenue and x 5 advertising expenditure. Summary quantities given there yield n 5 15 b 552.27 sb 5 8.05a. Test the hypothesis H0: b 5 0 versus Ha: b 0 using a significance level of .05. What does your conclusion say about the nature
Consider the accompanying data on x 5 research and development expenditure (thousands of dollars) and y 5 growth rate (% per year) for eight different industries.x 2024 5038 905 3572 1157 327 378 191 y 1.90 3.96 2.44 0.88 0.37 20.90 0.49 1.01a. Would a simple linear regression model provide useful
The article “Effect of Temperature on the pH of Skim Milk” (Journal of Dairy Research [1988]:277– 280) reported on a study involving x 5 temperature(8C) under specified experimental conditions and y 5 milk pH. The accompanying data (read from a graph) are a representative subset of that which

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