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Statistics The Exploration And Analysis Of Data 007th Edition Roxy Peck, Ay L Devore - Solutions
minutes.a. Is the travel time distribution more likely to be approxi mately symmetric, positively skewed, or negatively skewed? Explain your reasoning based on the given summary quantities.b. Suppose that the minimum travel time was 1 minute and that the maximum travel time in the sample was 205
The report “Who Moves? Who Stays Put?Where’s Home?” (Pew Social and Demographic Trends, December 17, 2008) gave the accompanying data for the 50 U.S. states on the percentage of the population that was born in the state and is still living there.The data values have been arranged in order
The National Climate Data Center gave the accompanying annual rainfall (in inches) for Medford, Oregon, from 1950 to 2008 (www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/cag3/city.html): 21.99 17.25 14.07a. Compute the quartiles and the interquartile range.b. Are there outliers in this data set? If so,
Fiber content (in grams per serving) and sugar content (in grams per serving) for 18 high fiber cereals(www.consumerreports.com) are shown below.Fiber Content 7 10 10 7 8 7 12 12 8 13 10 8 12 7 14 7 8 8 Sugar Content 11 6 14 13 0 18 9 10 19 6 10 17 10 10 0 9 5 11a. Find the median, quartiles, and
Shown here are the number of auto accidents per year for every 1000 people in each of 40 occupations(Knight Ridder Tribune, June 19, 2004):Occupation Accidents per 1000 Occupation Accidents per 1000 Student 152 Social worker 98 Physician 109 Manual laborer 96 Lawyer 106 Analyst 95 Architect 105
The U.S. Census Bureau (2000 census) reported the following relative frequency distribution for travel time to work for a large sample of adults who did not work at home:Travel Time(minutes) Relative Frequency 0 to 5 .04 5 to 10 .13 10 to 15 .16 15 to 20 .17 20 to 25 .14 25 to 30 .05 30 to
Suppose that your younger sister is applying for entrance to college and has taken the SATs. She scored at the 83rd percentile on the verbal section of the test and at the 94th percentile on the math section of the test.Because you have been studying statistics, she asks you for an interpretation
The paper “Modeling and Measurements of Bus Service Reliability” (Transportation Research [1978]:253– 256) studied various aspects of bus service and presented data on travel times (in minutes) from several different routes. The accompanying frequency distribution is for bus travel times from
An advertisement for the “30 inch Wonder” that appeared in the Sep tem ber 1983 issue of the journal Packaging claimed that the 30 inch Wonder weighs cases and bags up to 110 pounds and provides accuracy to within 0.25 ounce. Suppose that a 50 ounce weight was repeatedly weighed on this scale
The article “Can We Really Walk Straight?”(American Journal of Physical Anthropology [1992]:19–27) reported on an experiment in which each of 20 healthy men was asked to walk as straight as possible to a target 60 m away at normal speed. Consider the following data on cadence (number of
Medicare’s new medical plans offer a wide range of variations and choices for seniors when picking a drug plan (San Luis Obispo Tribune, No vem ber 25, 2005). The monthly cost for a stand-alone drug plan can vary from a low of $1.87 in Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,
3.0
2.7
3.2 African
1.4
10.8
0.4 5.0 Americans
6.1
5.0
7.5 3.4
1.4
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1.3
The paper “Total Diet Study Statistics on Element Results” (Food and Drug Administration, April 25, 2000) gave information on sodium content for various types of foods. Twenty-six tomato catsups were analyzed. Data consistent with summary quantities given in the paper were Sodium content
The paper referenced in Exercise
also gave data on sodium content (in milligrams per kilogram) of 10 chocolate puddings made from instant mix:3099 3112 2401 2824 2682 2510 2297 3959 3068 3700a. Compute the mean, the standard deviation, and the interquartile range for sodium content of these chocolate puddings. x 5 2965.2b. Based
A report from Texas Transportation Institute (Texas A&M University System, 2005) on congestion reduction strategies looked into the extra travel time(due to traf fic congestion) for commute travel per traveler per year in hours for different urban areas. Below are the data for urban areas that had
The paper “Relationship Between Blood Lead and Blood Pressure Among Whites and African Americans” (a technical report published by Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 2000) gave summary quantities for blood lead level (in micrograms per deciliter) for a sample of
0.9
5.6
5.4 1.2
1.4
3.3
3.7a. Compute the values of the mean and the median for blood lead level for the sample of African Americans.Which of the mean or the median is larger? What characteristic of the data set explains the relative values of the mean and the median?b. Construct a comparative boxplot for blood lead level
times the threshold level?
The paper “Population Pressure and Agricultural Intensity” (Annals of the Association of American Geographers [1977]: 384–396) reported a positive association between population density and agricultural intensity. The following data consist of measures of population density (x) and
26.0
101.0
134.7 y 9 7 6 50 5 100 x
5.7
25.0
27.5 y 7 14 14 10 50 14 x
180.0
140.6
times the threshold level? When it is
100.0a. Construct a scatterplot of y 5 success percentage and x 5 energy of shock. Does the relationship appear to be linear or nonlinear?b. Fit a least-squares line to the given data, and construct a residual plot. Does the residual plot support your conclusion in Part (a)? Explain.c. Consider
Cost-to-charge ratios (the percentage of the amount billed that represents the actual cost) for 11 Oregon hospitals of similar size were reported separately for inpatient and outpatient services. The data are shown in the table at the top of the next column.Hospital Inpatient Outpatient Blue
Exercise
gave the least-squares regression line for predicting y clutch size from x snoutvent length (“Reproductive Biology of the Aquatic Salamander Amphiuma tridactylum in Louisiana,”Journal of Herpetology [1999]: 100–105). The paper also reported r2 .7664 and SSTo 43,951.a. Interpret the value of
A study, described in the paper “Prediction of De fibrillation Success from a Single Defibrillation Threshold Measurement” (Circulation [1988]: 1144–1149) investigated the relationship between defibrillation success and the energy of the defibrillation shock (expressed as a multiple of the
33.3
58.3
81.8
96.7
233.0 y 50 150 10 67 100 100a. Construct a scatterplot of y versus x. Is the scatterplot compatible with the statement of positive association made in the paper?b. The scatterplot in Part (a) is curved upward like segment 2 in Figure 5.38, suggesting a transformation that is up the ladder for x or
10.1a. Construct a dotplot for these data.b. Calculate the mean and median copper content.c. Will an 8% trimmed mean be larger or smaller than the mean for this data set? Explain your reasoning.
The paper “Effects of Age and Gender on Physical Performance” (Age [2007]: 77–85) describes a study of the relationship between age and 1-hour swimming performance. Data on age and swim distance for over 10,000 men participating in a national long-distance 1-hour swimming competition are
to less than 0.5?
As part of a study of the effects of timber management strategies (Ecological Applications [2003]: 1110–1123) investigators used satellite imagery to study abundance of the lichen Lobaria oregano at different elevations.Abundance of a species was classified as “common” if there were more than
The hypothetical data below are from a toxicity study designed to measure the effectiveness of different doses of a pesticide on mosquitoes. The table below summarizes the concentration of the pesticide, the sample sizes, and the number of critters dispatched.Concentration (g/cc) 0.20 0.30 0.50
In the study of textiles and fabrics, the strength of a fabric is a very important consideration. Suppose that a sig nifi cant number of swatches of a certain fabric are subjected to different “loads” or forces applied to the fabric. The data from such an experiment might look as
The following quote is from the paper “Evaluation of the Accuracy of Different Methods Used to Estimate Weights in the Pediatric Population” (Pediatrics [2009]: e1045–e1051):As expected, the model demonstrated that weight increased with age, but visual inspection of an age versus weight plot
The accompanying data represent x amount of catalyst added to accelerate a chemical reaction and y 5 resulting reaction time:x 12345 y 49 46 41 34 25a. Calculate r. Does the value of r suggest a strong linear relationship?b. Construct a scatterplot. From the plot, does the word linear provide the
The paper “A Cross-National Relationship Between Sugar Consumption and Major Depression?”(Depression and Anxiety [2002]: 118–120) concluded that there was a correlation between re fined sugar consumption (calories per person per day) and annual rate of major depression (cases per 100 people)
The following data on x 5 score on a measure of test anxiety and y 5 exam score for a sample of n 5 9 students are consistent with summary quantities given in the paper “Effects of Humor on Test Anxiety and Performance” (Psychological Reports [1999]: 1203–1212):x 23 14 14 0 17 20 20 15 21 y
Researchers asked each child in a sample of 411 school-age children if they were more or less likely to purchase a lottery ticket at a store if lottery tickets were visible on the counter. The percentage that said that they were more likely to purchase a ticket by grade level are as follows (R&J
The paper “The Shelf Life of Bird Eggs: Testing Egg Viability Using a Tropical Climate Gradient”(Ecology [2005]: 2164–2175) investigated the effect of altitude and length of exposure on the hatch rate of thrasher eggs. Data consistent with the estimated probabilities of hatching after a
Some plant viruses are spread by insects and tend to spread from the edges of a field inward. The data on x 5 distance from the edge of the field (in meters) and y 5 proportion of plants with virus symptoms that appeared in the paper “Patterns of Spread of Two NonPersistently Aphid-Borne Viruses
The paper “Feeding Ecology of the Great Basin Rattlesnake” (Canadian Journal of Zoology [2008]:723–734) investigated whether there was a relationship between the size of a rattlesnake and the size of the unsuspecting rodent the snake would hunt. The authors collected data on x snake body mass
The paper “Developmental and Individual Differences in Pure Numerical Estimation” (Developmental Psychology [2006]: 189–201) describes a study of how young children develop the ability to estimate lengths. Children were shown a piece of paper with two lines. One line was a short line labeled
Researchers have examined a number of climatic variables in an attempt to understand the mechanisms that govern rainfall runoff. The paper “The Applicability of Morton’s and Penman’s Evapotranspiration Estimates in Rainfall-Runoff Modeling” (Water Resources Bulletin[1991]: 611–620)
index than a linear or quadratic regression?b. Find the equation of the least-squares cubic function. y^ 5 10.8768 1 1.4604x 2 7.259x2 1 9.2342x3c. Construct a residual plot by plotting the residuals from the cubic regression model versus x. Are there any troubling patterns in the residual plot
The report “Older Driver Involvement in Injury Crashes in Texas” (Texas Transportation Institute, 2004) included a scatterplot of y fatality rate(percentage of drivers killed in injury crashes) versus x driver age. The accompanying data are approximate values read from the scatterplot.Age
The article “Organ Transplant Demand Rises Five Times as Fast as Existing Supply” (San Luis Obispo Tribune, Feb ru ary 23, 2001) included a graph that showed the number of people waiting for organ transplants each year from 1990 to 1999. The following data are approximate values and were read
Penicillin was administered orally to five different horses, and the concentration of penicillin in the blood was determined after five different lengths of time.The following data on x 5 elapsed time (in hours) and y 5 penicillin concentration (in mg/ml) appeared in the paper “Absorption and
Determining the age of an animal can sometimes be a dif fi cult task. One method of estimating the age of harp seals is based on the width of the pulp canal in the seal’s canine teeth. To investigate the relationship between age and the width of the pulp canal, researchers measured age and canal
Anabolic steroid abuse has been increasing despite increased press reports of adverse medical and psychiatric consequences. In a recent study, medical researchers studied the potential for addiction to testosterone in hamsters (Neuroscience [2004]: 971–981).Hamsters were allowed to
Does high school GPA predict success in firstyear college English? The proportion with a grade of C or better in freshman English for students with various high school GPAs for freshmen at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, in fall of 2007 is summarized in the accompanying table. Fit a logistic regression
Percentages of public school students in fourth grade in 1996 and in eighth grade in 2000 who were at or above the proficient level in mathematics were given in the ar ticle “Mixed Progress in Math” (USA Today, Au gust 3, 2001) for eight western states:State 4th grade (1996) 8th grade
The following table gives the number of organ transplants performed in the United States each year from 1990 to 1999 (The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, 2003):Year Number of Transplants(in thousands)1 (1990) 15.0 2 15.7 3 16.1 4 17.6 5 18.3 6 19.4 7 20.0 8 20.3 9 21.4 10 (1999)
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Bidri is a popular and traditional art form in India. Bidri articles (bowls, vessels, and so on) are made by casting from an alloy containing primarily zinc along with some copper. Consider the following observations on copper content (%) for a sample of Bidri artifacts in London’s Victoria and
In August 2009, Harris Interactive released the results of the “Great Schools” survey. In this survey, 1086 parents of children attending a public or private school were asked approximately how much they had spent on school supplies over the last school year. For this sample, the mean amount
No tortilla chip lover likes soggy chips, so it is important to find characteristics of the production process that produce chips with an appealing texture. The accompanying data on x 5 frying time (in seconds) and y 5 moisture content (%) appeared in the paper, “Thermal and Physical Properties
The article “Reduction in Soluble Protein and Chlo rophyll Contents in a Few Plants as Indicators of Automobile Exhaust Pollution” (International Journal of Environmental Studies [1983]: 239–244) reported the following data on x 5 distance from a highway (in meters) and y 5 lead content of
An accurate assessment of oxygen consumption provides important information for determining energy expenditure requirements for physically demanding tasks. The paper “Oxygen Consumption During Fire Suppression: Error of Heart Rate Estimation” (Ergonomics [1991]: 1469–1474) reported on a study
Consider the four (x, y) pairs (0, 0), (1, 1),(1, 1), and (2, 0).a. What is the value of the sample correlation coef ficient r?b. If a fifth observation is made at the value x 6, find a value of y for which r 0.5.c. If a fifth observation is made at the value x 6, find a value of y for which r
Data from a survey of 1046 adults age 50 and older were summarized in the AARP Bulletin (November 2009). The following table gives relative frequency distributions of the responses to the question, “How much do you plan to spend for holiday gifts this year?” for respondents age 50 to 64 and for
The graph in Figure
appeared in the report “Testing the Waters 2009” (Natural Resources Defense Council). Spend a few minutes looking at the graph and reading the caption that appears with the graph. Briefly explain how the graph supports the claim that discharges of polluted storm water may be responsible for
Foal weight at birth is an indicator of health, so it is of interest to breeders of thoroughbred horses. Is foal weight related to the weight of the mare (mother)?The accompanying data are from the paper “Suckling Behaviour Does Not Measure Milk Intake in Horses”(Animal Behaviour [1999]:
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