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Business Statistics 2nd Edition Robert A Donnelly, Robert Donnelly Jr - Solutions
What is sampling?
Distinguish between a population, an observational unit, and a sample?
Explain the role of variables in statistical studies of a population.
Explain the role of reliability in statistical inference.
List the four elements of descriptive statistical problems.
What are the different ways of collecting data for a statistical analysis?
What is the difference between stratified random sampling and cluster sampling?
What are the two types of bias that may be associated with a sampling design?
Suppose you are given a dataset, measured in inches, of the heights of students in a class. You decide to code the data as A, if height Ú 70 inches; B, if 65 … height 6 70; C, if 60 … height 6 65; and D, if height 6 60 inches. Explain whether the raw data is quantitative or qualitative. After
College application. Colleges and universities are requiring an increasing amount of information about applicants before making acceptance and financial aid decisions.Classify each of the following types of data required on a college application as quantitative or qualitative.a. High school GPAb.
STEM experiences for girls. The National Science Foundation (NSF) promotes girls’ participation in informal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)programs. What has been the impact of these informal STEM experiences? This was the question of interest in the published study
Drafting NFL quarterbacks. The Journal of Productivity Analysis (Vol. 35, 2011) published a study of how successful National Football League (NFL) teams are in drafting productive quarterbacks. Data were collected for all 331 quarterbacks drafted over a 38-year period. Several variables were
Ground motion of earthquakes. In the Journal of Earthquake Engineering (Nov. 2004), a team of civil and environmental engineers studied the ground motion characteristics of 15 earthquakes that occurred around the world since 1940. Three (of many) variables measured on each earthquake were the type
Sprint speed training. The Sport Journal (Winter 2004)reported on a study of a speed-training program for high school football players. Each participant was timed in a 40-yard sprint both before and after training. The researchers measured two variables: (1) the difference between the before and
Corrosion prevention of buried steel structures. Engineers have designed tests on underground steel structures that measure the potential for corrosion. In Materials Performance (Mar. 2013), two tests for steel corrosion—called “instant-off” and “instant-on” potential—were compared. The
Age of Patients. Consider the set of all patients enrolled in your local diabetes centre during the past 30 days. Suppose you are interested in learning about the average age of this group.a. Define the population and the variable of interest.b. Is the variable qualitative or quantitative?c.
Medicinal value of plants. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae), a plant that typically grows at high altitudes in Europe and Asia, has been found to have medicinal value. The medicinal properties of berries collected from sea buckthorn were investigated in Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants(Aug. 2013). The
Study of quality of drinking water. Disasters (Vol. 28, 2004)published a study of the effects of a tropical cyclone on the quality of drinking water on a remote Pacific island. Water samples (size 500 milliliters) were collected approximately four weeks after Cyclone Ami hit the island. The
Annual survey of computer crimes. The Computer Security Institute (CSI) conducts an annual survey of computer crime at U.S. businesses. CSI sends survey questionnaires to computer security personnel at all U.S. corporations and government agencies. The latest CSI survey was sent by post or email to
Treasury deficit prior to the Civil War. In Civil War History(June 2009), historian Jane Flaherty researched the condition of the U.S. Treasury on the eve of the Civil War in 1861. Between 1854 and 1857 (under President Franklin Pierce), the annual surplus/deficit was +18.8, +6.7, +5.3, and +1.3
Library Database. Your college library maintains the records of books borrowed. Some of the many variables stored in the database include the titles of the books, their subject categories (Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science), type classification of each (textbook, reference, or manuals),
National Airport Authority. The National Airport Authority (NAA) of a country stores the relevant data for all the airports in a country to perform periodic checks on their maintenance. Data from each airport are compiled into the airport inventory. Some of the variables maintained by the NAA for
Corporate sustainability. Corporate sustainability refers to business practices designed around social and environmental considerations (e.g., “going green”). Business and Society (Mar. 2011) published a paper on how firm size and firm type affect sustainability behaviors. A survey was sent to
CT scanning for lung cancer. A new type of screening for lung cancer, computed tomography (CT), has been developed.Medical researchers believe that CT scans are more sensitive than regular X-rays in pinpointing small tumors.The H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center at the University of South Florida
Zillow.com estimates of home values. Zillow.com is a real estate Web site that provides free estimates of the market value of homes. A trio of University of Texas at San Antonio professors compared Zillow estimates to actual sale prices of homes and published their results in The Appraisal Journal
Massage vs. rest in boxing. Does a massage enable the muscles of tired athletes to recover from exertion faster than usual? To answer this question, researchers recruited eight amateur boxers to participate in an experiment.(British Journal of Sports Medicine, Apr. 2000.)After a 10-minute workout
Insomnia and education. Is insomnia related to education status? Researchers at the Universities of Memphis, Alabama at Birmingham, and Tennessee investigated this question in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology(Feb. 2005). Adults living in Tennessee were selected to participate in the study, which
Guilt in decision making. The effect of the emotion of guilt on how a decision maker focuses on a problem was investigated in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making(January 2007). A total of 155 volunteer students participated in the experiement, where each was randomly assigned to one of three
Can money spent on gifts buy love? Is the gift you purchased for that special someone really appreciated?This was the question investigated in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 45, 2009). The researchers examined the link between engagement ring price (dollars) and level of
Dating and disclosure. As an adolescent, did you voluntarily disclose information about dating and romantic relationships to your parents? This was the research question of interest in the Journal of Adolescence (Apr. 2010).A sample of 222 high school students was recruited to participate in the
Jersey City drug market study. An article in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology (Mar. 2014) discussed several data collection methods for testing the efficacy of a new program designed to reduce drug-related crimes in Jersey City (N.J.). The sample consisted of 56 “hot spots”—areas of
Your choice for a mom. After running stories on current First Lady Michelle Obama and former vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin on consecutive weeks, USA Weekend magazine asked its readers on Mother’s Day,“Who would you rather have as your mom, Sarah Palin or Michelle Obama?” Readers
Survey exposés. Many surveys are conducted on different social, political, and lifestyle issues in order to predict events, identify choices, etc. However, the results obtained from these surveys are often incorrect. It may be that the surveys are conducted by special interest groups with specific
The average monthly temperature in degrees Fahrenheit for the city of Wilmington, Delaware, throughout the year AppendixLO1
The average monthly rainfall in inches for the city of Wilmington throughout the year AppendixLO1
The education level of survey respondents Level Number of Respondents High school 168 Bachelor’s degree 784 Master’s degree 212 AppendixLO1
The marital status of survey respondents Status Number of Respondents Single 28 Married 189 Divorced 62 AppendixLO1
The ages of the respondents in a survey AppendixLO1
The genders of the respondents in a survey AppendixLO1
The years in which the respondents to a survey were born AppendixLO1
The voting intentions of the respondents in a survey classified as Republican, Democrat, or Undecided AppendixLO1
The race of the respondents in a survey classified as White, African American, Asian, or Other AppendixLO1
The performance rating of employees classified as Above Expectations, Meets Expectations, or Below Expectations AppendixLO1
The uniform number of each member on a sports team AppendixLO1
A list of the graduating high school seniors by class rank AppendixLO1
Final exam scores for your statistics class on a scale of 0 to 100 AppendixLO1
The state in which the respondents in a survey reside AppendixLO1
SAT scores for graduating high school students AppendixLO1
Movie ratings: G, PG, PG-13, R AppendixLO1
In order to promote the development of electric cars, the government has proposed rating passenger vehicles on a letter scale of A–D based on fuel efficiency and emissions. The following five vehicles were given these ratings:Vehicle Rating Nissan Leaf A+Toyota Prius AFord Focus B Jeep Grand
S&P provides ratings for the creditworthiness of countries around the world on a letter scale from AAA (highest) to D (lowest). The following table shows the S&P rating for various countries in January 2013.Country Rating Germany AAA United States AA+France AA+Italy BBB+Spain BBBPortugal BB
The following table shows the closing price of the three major stock markets on February 4, 2013:Stock Market Closing Price Dow Jones Industrial 13,880 NASDAQ 3,131 S&P 500 1,496 AppendixLO1
The following table shows the closing price of the Dow Jones Industrial stock market during 2012:Date Closing Price September 28, 2012 13,437 October 31, 2012 13,096 November 30, 2012 13,026 December 31, 2012 13,104 Problems 1.21 and 1.22 refer to the following data, which show the median weekly
Identify the time series data in the table.AppendixLO1
Identify the cross-sectional data in the table.Problems 1.23 and 1.24 refer to the following data, which shows the number of photographs sold at Island Art, a retail store in Stone Harbor, New Jersey, by print-size of a four-year period:Year Print-Size 8 : 10 11 : 14 13 : 19 2010 117 102 160 2011
Identify the cross-sectional data in the table.AppendixLO1
Identify the time series data in the table.Identify each of the following as either descriptive or inferential statistics.AppendixLO1
The average salary of a random sample of 50 high school teachers in 2013 was $52,400.AppendixLO1
Based on a random sample of hotels in Chicago and a random sample of hotels in Atlanta, it was concluded that the average cost of a hotel room in Chicago was greater than one in Atlanta.AppendixLO1
A study has concluded that the average credit card debt of college graduates has increased from 2012 to 2013.AppendixLO1
The average Amazon.com rating of the book The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Statistics by 26 reviewers is 4.6 on a scale of 1 to 5.AppendixLO1
The average American viewer watches 151 hours of TV per month.AppendixLO1
Seventy-eight percent of customers at the Holiday Inn hotel in Dover, Delaware, arrived before 6 pm last week.AppendixLO1
Calculate the payoffs for the following decision table using the order sizes and demand levels shown. The selling price per unit is $40, and the variable cost per unit is $25.Assume there is no leftover value for unsold units.Demand Alternative 100 150 200 Order 100 Order 150 Order 200 AppendixLO1
Calculate the payoffs for the following decision table using the order sizes and demand levels shown. The selling price per unit is $10, and the variable cost per unit is $6.Assume there is no leftover value for unsold units.Demand Alternative 25 50 75 100 Order 25 Order 50 Order 75 Order 100
Using the data from Problem 17.1, calculate the payoffs for the decision table assuming that any unsold units can be sold the following day at a price of $8 per unit.AppendixLO1
Using the data from Problem 17.2, calculate the payoffs for the decision table assuming that any unsold units can be sold the following day at a price of $2 per unit.Applications AppendixLO1
Karen’s Kayaks is a successful kayak rental company operating in Hilton Head, South Carolina. Karen leases kayaks from a supplier at a cost of $12 per day per kayak.She rents kayaks to her customers for $30 per day. Karen needs decide whether to lease 30, 40, or 50 kayaks per day, assuming the
Nick sells live Christmas trees each year beginning in late November. He needs to place an order for the Douglas fir variety in early fall from the tree farm. Nick is deciding whether to order 100, 200, or 300 trees because he expects demand to be 100, 200, or 300 trees for the season. Nick buys
Jill is the manager at a bookstore that sells calendars featuring local photographs. She orders them from a supplier that charges $7 per calendar for orders received by November 1. Jill sells these calendars to her customers for $12 apiece. Any unsold calendars can be returned to the supplier in
Soccer Outlet sells soccer equipment to both local teams and individual customers. The company need to decide whether to order 100, 200, 300, or 400 pairs of a soccer shoe that has just come on the market. Soccer Outlet will sell these shoes for $140 per pair after buying them for $100 per pair
Consider the following payoff table:Demand Level Alternative 1 2 3 A $500 $800 $1,200 B $200 $900 $1,700 C - $600 $700 $2,300 Choose the best alternative using the following criterion:a. Maximaxb. Maximinc. Equally likelyd. Minimax regrete. Hurwicz using a = 0.6 AppendixLO1
Consider the following payoff table:Demand Level Alternative 1 2 3 4 A $500 $500 $500 $500 B - $300 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 C - $1,100 $200 $1,500 $1,500 D - $1,900 - $600 $700 $2,000 Choose the best alternative using the following criterion:a. Maximaxb. Maximinc. Equally likelyd. Minimax regrete.
Women’s Sports Specialty sells a variety of fitness apparel for women and needs to place an order of Speedo swimsuits for the upcoming summer season. The order volumes being considered are large and small, and the demand levels for the swim season for this particular brand can be strong,
G&R Publishing is publishing a new cookbook, which they feel will set it apart from the current competition.The publisher needs to select one version of the cookbook from the following list of alternatives:Version 1: This book will be approximately 500 pages in length, printed in four colors, and
Decision tables are not just based on profits or losses.Suppose you are planning your wedding day and you are trying to decide whether to have your reception indoors, outdoors, or outdoors under a tent. The weather that day can either be sunny, cloudy, or rainy. The following decision table
Consider the following payoff table and probabilities for the states of nature:Demand Level Alternative 1 2 3 A $400 $900 $1,500 B $200 $1,100 $1,800 C - $900 $1,200 $2,700 Probability 0.30 0.25 0.45a. Choose the best alternative using decision making under risk.b. What is the expected value of
Consider the following payoff table and probabilities for the states of nature:Demand Level Alternative 1 2 3 4 A $450 $600 $600 $700 B $100 $900 $1,400 $1,400 C - $1,400 - $200 $2,000 $2,500 Probability 0.20 0.15 0.30 0.35a. Choose the best alternative using decision making under risk.b. What is
Consider the following payoff table and probabilities for the states of nature:Demand Level Alternative 1 2 3 4 A $700 $700 $700 $700 B - $200 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 C - $1,100 $500 $2,100 $2,100 D - $2,000 - $400 $1,200 $2,800 Probability 0.15 0.40 0.15 0.30a. Choose the best alternative using
APC Industries has been growing and having difficulty meeting the demand for its products recently. So, the firm is considering three options to address this issue: It can move to a larger facility, add a second shift, or hire a subcontractor to produce the company’s products. The annual payoff
Health Care Associates builds and manages office complexes for medical practices. The company is considering building a one, two, or three-story complex. The annual payoffs will depend on the occupancy rate of the complex as shown in the following decision table. The payoffs are also shown (in
During the fall of 1972, I was an ambitious college student who was in the market to purchase a snow plow to earn some extra money. My first option was to purchase a 1964 International Scout with a manual snow plow. With this setup, I had to physically maneuver the snow plow in order to angle it to
The business school at Tidewater College needs to replace its copier. The dean is considering three different Canon models—the 100, 200, and 300 series. The 100 series copier is the least expensive model but will have higher maintenance costs than the other models if it’s used heavily.The 300
Jill is the manager at Costco’s bakery. She needs to decide how many birthday cakes to bake each day. Her choices are to bake 10, 20, or 30 cakes today. Each cake sells for$16 and costs $6 to make. A day-old cake can be sold at a reduced price of $4. Assume the daily demand for birthday cakes is
Consider the following decision tree.a. Identify the missing probabilities.b. Evaluate the decision tree.c. What alternatives should be chosen?AppendixLO1 Al $3.0 S1 0.7 $8.0 S2 -$4.0 A3 A2 S1 0.7 $5.0 A4 S2 -$2.0 A5 3 S1 $2.0 S2 0.3 $1.0
Consider the following decision tree.a. Identify the missing probabilities.b. Evaluate the decision tree.c. What alternatives should be chosen?AppendixLO1 S1 0.65 $700 S2 -$800 A3 S1 0.65 $600 A2 2 S2 -$300 A4 $220 A5 $260
Consider the following decision tree.a. Identify the missing probabilities.b. Evaluate the decision tree.c. What alternatives should be chosen?ApplicationsAppendixLO1 S3 0.75 $600 A3 S4 S1 0.4 A4 -$100 S3 0.75 $800 S4 -$300 $400 A5 S2 A6 $500 Al A7 $800 A2 S5 0.50 $1,000 4 S6 -$200
Steve is the director of operations for Diamond Chemical Company. The company is considering whether to launch a new product line, which will require building a new facility. The research required to produce the new product has not been proven to work in a full-scale operation. If Steve decides to
Your regular tennis partner has made a friendly wager with you. The two of you will play out one point in which you can serve. The loser pays the winner $100. If your first serve is not in play, you will get a second serve. If your second serve is not in play, you lose the point. You have two kinds
Delaware National Golf Club went out of business during the recent downturn in the economy (a sad day in the Donnelly household). Susan is a real estate developer who would like to build houses on a portion of it. To do so Susan will need the approval of the county government to change how the land
Delaware National Golf Club went out of business during the recent downturn in the economy (a sad day in the Donnelly household). Susan is a real estate developer who would like to build houses on a portion of it. To do so Susan will need the approval of the county government to change how the land
You are the vice president of a consumer electronics company that needs to determine whether or not to introduce a new product to the market. Either your company can manufacture it or you can subcontract the production to another firm. In either case, there is a 75% probability that your
Using the decision table for this problem, use the following criterion to choose the right order quantity:a. maximaxb. maximinc. equally likelyd. minimax regrete. Hurwicz using a = 0.8 Jim is the inventory manager at a Target store and needs to place an order for Christmas cards in October. He is
Jim has estimated that the probabilities of demand for 200, 400, 600, and 800 boxes of Christmas cards are 0.30, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.10 respectively.a. Choose the best order quantity using this probability data.b. What is the most that Jim should pay for additional information about the holiday
Construct a decision table showing the payoffs for each combination of order size and demand level.The Shoprite grocery store places orders each week for an entertainment magazine that it stocks on the shelves next to the cashiers. The newsstand price for the magazine is $5 and the cost per
Using the decision table from Problem 17.36, choose the best order size of magazines using the following criterion:a. Maximaxb. Maximinc. Equally likelyd. Minimax regrete. Hurwicz using a = 0.3 The Shoprite grocery store places orders each week for an entertainment magazine that it stocks on the
Based on historical data, Shoprite has estimated that the probabilities of a weekly demand of 200, 400, and 600 magazines are 0.22, 0.34, and 0.44 respectively.a. Choose the best order quantity of magazines using this probability data.b. What is the most that Shoprite should pay for additional
Using the decision table, choose the best option for Joyce using the following criterion:a. Maximaxb. Maximinc. Equally likelyd. Minimax regrete. Hurwicz using a = 0.7 Joyce is the director of manufacturing for Titan Industries, which is considering building a new facility in the Midwest. The
Joyce has determined that the probabilities of strong demand and weak demand are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively.a. Choose the best option for Joyce using this probability data.b. What is the most Joyce should pay for additional information about the demand for this product?Joyce is the director of
Joyce can hire a market research firm to conduct a survey to better ascertain the demand for this product. The cost of the survey is $20,000. Joyce estimates there is a 62% chance that the survey will predict a strong demand and a 38%chance that the survey will predict a weak demand. If the results
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