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Statistics 13th Global Edition James T. McClave And Terry T Sincich - Solutions

Dentists’ use of anesthetics. A study published in Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology (Mar. 2004) investigated allergic reactions of dental patients to local anesthetics. Based on a survey of dental practitioners, the study reported that the mean number of units (ampoules) of local anesthetics
Irrelevant speech effects. Refer to the Acoustical Science& Technology (Vol. 35, 2014) study of irrelevant speech effects, Exercise 2.34 (p. 77). Recall that subjects performed a memorization task under two conditions: (1) with irrelevant background speech and (2) in silence. The difference in
Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Refer to the Business and Society (Mar. 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 2.36 (pp. 78).Recall that the level of support for corporate sustainability(measured on a quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 160 points) was
Characteristics of antiwar demonstrators. The characteristics of antiwar demonstrators in the United States were examined in the American Journal of Sociology(Jan. 2014). Using data collected for over 5,000 antiwar demonstrators over a recent 3-year period, the researchers found that the mean
Hand washing versus hand rubbing. As an alternative to hand washing, some hospitals allow health workers to rub their hands with an alcohol-based antiseptic. The British Medical Journal (Aug. 17, 2002) reported on a study to compare the effectiveness of washing the hands with soap and rubbing the
Extinct New Zealand birds. Refer to the Evolutionary Ecology Research (July 2003) study of the patterns of extinction in the New Zealand bird population, presented in Exercise 2.24 (p. 70). Consider the data on the egg length(measured in millimeters) for the 132 bird species saved in the NZBIRDS
Velocity of Winchester bullets. The American Rifleman reported on the velocity of ammunition fired from the FEG P9R pistol, a 9-mm gun manufactured in Hungary.Field tests revealed that Winchester bullets fired from the pistol had a mean velocity (at 15 feet) of 936 feet per second and a standard
Shopping vehicle and judgment. While shopping at the grocery store, are you more likely to buy a vice product(e.g., a candy bar) when pushing a shopping cart or carrying a shopping basket? This was the question of interest in a study published in the Journal of Marketing Research(Dec. 2011). The
Animal-assisted therapy for heart patients. A study was presented at the American Heart Association Conference(Nov. 2005) to gauge whether animal-assisted therapy can improve the physiological responses of heart failure patients.A team of nurses from the UCLA Medical Center randomly divided 76
Land purchase decision. A buyer for a lumber company must decide whether to buy a piece of land containing 5,000 pine trees. If 1,000 of the trees are at least 40 feet tall, the buyer will purchase the land; otherwise, he won’t. The owner of the land reports that the height of the trees has a
For a quantitative data set, explain thea. 20th percentile.b. middle quartile.c. population z-score for a measurement.
For a mound-shaped data, what percentage of the measurements will have negative z-score?
Compute the z-score corresponding to each of the following values of x:a. x = 40, s = 5, x = 30b. x = 90, m = 89, s = 2c. m = 50, s = 5, x = 50d. s = 4, x = 20, x = 30e. In parts a–d, state whether the z-score locates x within a sample or within a population.f. In parts a–d, state whether each
Analysis of students’ performance. 250 students appeared for a test of 500 marks. The scores they obtained have a mean of 383, a first quartile of 355, a third quartile of 402, and a 90th percentile of 437. Interpret each of these numerical descriptive measures.
Age distribution. According to a demographic survey of India, 69% of the estimated population of 1.25 billion are aged above 14 years. Give a percentile ranking for the age of 14 years in the distribution of all ages across the overall population of India.
Stability of compounds in new drugs. Refer to the Pfizer Global Research and Development study (reported in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 1, 2010) of the metabolic stability of drugs, Exercise 2.35 (p. 77). Recall that the stability of each of 416 drugs was measured by the fup/fumic
Sanitation inspection of cruise ships. Refer to the sanitation levels of cruise ships presented in Exercise 2.41 (p. 79).a. Give a measure of relative standing for the Nautilus Explorer’s score of 74. Interpret the result.b. Give a measure of relative standing for the Star Princess’score of 92.
Motivation of drug dealers. Refer to the Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice (Sept. 2009) study of convicted drug dealers’ motivations, Exercise 2.102 (p. 105).Recall that the sample of drug dealers had a mean Wanting Recognition (WR) score of 39 points, with a standard deviation of 6
Extinct New Zealand birds. Refer to the Evolutionary Ecology Research (July 2003) study of the patterns of extinction in the New Zealand bird population, first presented in Exercise 2.24 (p. 70). Again, consider the data on the egg length (measured in millimeters) for the 132 bird species.a. Find
Lead in drinking water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets a limit on the amount of lead permitted in drinking water. The EPA Action Level for lead is .015 milligram per liter (mg/L) of water. Under EPA guidelines, if 90%of a water system’s study samples have a lead concentration
Voltage sags and swells. The power quality of a transformer is measured by the quality of the voltage. Two causes of poor power quality are “sags” and “swells.” A sag is an unusual dip, and a swell is an unusual increase in the voltage level of a transformer. The power quality of
Blue versus red exam study. In a study of how external clues influence performance, psychology professors at the University of Alberta and Pennsylvania State University gave two different forms of a midterm examination to a large group of introductory psychology students. The questions on the exam
Ranking Ph.D. programs in economics. The Southern Economic Journal (Apr. 2008) published a guide to graduate study in economics by ranking the Ph.D. programs at 129 colleges and universities. Each program was evaluated according to the number of publications published by faculty teaching in the
Ranking Ph.D. programs in economics (cont’d). Refer to the Southern Economic Journal (Apr. 2008) study of Ph.D. programs in economics, Exercise 2.129.The authors also made the following observation:“A noticeable feature of this skewness is that distinction between schools diminishes as the rank
GPAs of students. At one university, the students are given z-scores at the end of each semester, rather than the traditional GPAs. The mean and standard deviation of all students’ cumulative GPAs, on which the z-scores are based, are 2.7 and .5, respectively.a. Translate each of the following
What is the percentage of a population that lies outside the interquartile range?
What are the hinges of a box plot?
What does the central line parallel to the hinges of a box plot indicate?
Define an outlier.
A sample data set has a mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 11. Determine whether each of the following sample measurements is an outlier.a. 65b. 21c. 72d. 98
Consider the following sample data set. Construct a box plot for the data and use it to identify any outliers.121 171 158 173 184 163 157 85 145 165 172 196 170 159 172 161 187 100 142 166 171
Consider the following sample data set.171 152 170 168 169 171 190 183 185 140 173 206 172 174 169 199 151 180 167 170 188a. Construct a box plot.b. Identify any outliers that may exist in the data.
Blond hair types in the Southwest Pacific. A mutation of a pigmentation gene is theorized to be the cause of blondhair genotypes observed in several Southwest Pacific islands. The distribution of this mutated gene was investigated in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology(Apr. 2014). For
Dentists’ use of anesthetics. Refer to the Current Allergy& Clinical Immunology study of the use of local anesthetics in dentistry, presented in Exercise 2.103 (p. 105). Recall that the mean number of units (ampoules) of local anesthetics used per week by dentists was 79, with a standard
Research on brain specimens. Refer to the Brain and Language data on postmortem intervals (PMIs) of 22 human brain specimens, presented in Exercise 2.45 (p. 80).The mean and standard deviation of the PMI values are 7.3 and 3.18, respectively.a. Find the z-score for the PMI value of 3.3.b. Is the
Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Refer to the Business and Society (Mar. 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 2.105 (p. 105). Numerical descriptive measures for level of support for corporate sustainability for the 992 senior managers are repeated in the
Voltage sags and swells. Refer to the Electrical Engineering(Vol. 95, 2013) study of power quality (measured by “sags”and “swells”) in Turkish transformers, Exercise 2.127(p. 110). For a sample of 103 transformers built for heavy industry, the mean and standard deviation of the number of
statistically?Explain.2.146 Treating psoriasis with the “Doctorfish of Kangal.” Psoriasis is a skin disorder with no known cure. An alternative treatment for psoriasis is ichthyotherapy, also known as therapy with the “Doctorfish of Kangal.” Fish from the hot pools of Kangal, Turkey, feed
Sanitation inspection of cruise ships. Refer to the data on sanitation levels of cruise ships, presented in Exercise 2.41(p. 79).a. Use the box plot method to detect any outliers in the data.b. Use the z-score method to detect any outliers in the data.c. Do the two methods agree? If not, explain
Characteristics of a rockfall. Refer to the Environmental Geology (Vol. 58, 2009) study of how far a block from a collapsing rockwall will bounce, Exercise 2.61 (p. 89).The computer-simulated rebound lengths (in meters) for 13 block-soil impact marks left on a slope from an actual rockfall are
Comparing SAT Scores. Refer to Exercise 2.46 (p. 80), in which we compared state average SAT scores in 2011 and 2014.a. Construct side-by-side box plots of the SAT scores for the two years.b. Compare the variability of the SAT scores for the two years.c. Are any state SAT scores outliers in either
Is honey a cough remedy? Refer to the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007) study of honey as a remedy for coughing, Exercise 2.64 (p. 90). Recall that coughing improvement scores were recorded for children in three groups: the over-the-counter cough medicine dosage(DM) group,
Permeability of sandstone during weathering. Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Vol. 42, 2010) study of the decay properties of sandstone when exposed to the weather, Exercise 2.110 (p. 106). Recall that slices of sandstone blocks were tested for permeability under three conditions:no exposure to
Defective items in a batch. A manufacturer sells his products in boxes containing 50 items. He claims that on an average, a box will contain no more than four defective items.In order to verify his claim, a box is selected randomly and its items checked. It has been found that the box contains
Untutored second language acquisition. A student from Turkey named Alex is attending a university in the United States. While in this country, he has never been tutored in English. After his second year at university, Alex was interviewed numerous times over a 1-year period. His language was
What is a bivariate scatterplot?
What is the use of a bivariate scatterplot?
How can a bivariate scatterplot be used to measure the relationship between the two variables?
Construct a scatterplot for the data in the table that follows.Do you detect a trend?Variable #1: 5 3 -1 2 7 6 4 0 8 Variable #2: 14 3 10 1 8 5 3 2 12
Construct a scatterplot for the data in the table that follows.Do you detect a trend?Variable #1: .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Variable #2: 2 1 3 4 6 10 9 12 17 17
Comparing SAT scores. Refer to Exercise 2.46 (p. 80)and the data on state SAT scores saved in the SAT file. Consider a scatterplot for the data, with 2014 SAT score on the vertical axis and 2011 SAT score on the horizontal axis. What type of trend would you expect to observe? Why? Create the
Does elevation impact hitting performance in baseball?The Colorado Rockies play their major league home baseball games in Coors Field, Denver. Each year, the Rockies are among the leaders in team batting statistics (e.g., home runs, batting average, and slugging percentage). Many baseball experts
Lobster trap placement. Strategic placement of lobster traps is one of the keys for a successful lobster fisherman.An observational study of teams fishing for the red spiny lobster in Baja California Sur, Mexico, was conducted and the results published in Bulletin of Marine Science (Apr.2010). Two
Feeding behavior of fish. The feeding behavior of black bream (a type of fish) spawned in aquariums was studied in Brain, Behavior and Evolution (Apr. 2000). Zoologists recorded the number of aggressive strikes of two black bream feeding at the bottom of the aquarium in the 10-minute period
New method for blood typing. In Analytical Chemistry(May 2010), medical researchers tested a new method of typing blood using low cost paper. Blood drops were applied to the paper and the rate of absorption (called blood wicking) was measured. The table gives the wicking lengths(in millimeters) for
Sound waves from a basketball. Refer to the American Journal of Physics (June 2010) study of sound waves in a spherical cavity, Exercise 2.43 (p. 80). The frequencies of sound waves (estimated using a mathematical formula) resulting from the first 24 resonances (echoes) after striking a basketball
Forest fragmentation study. Ecologists classify the cause of forest fragmentation as either anthropogenic (i.e., due to human development activities, such as road construction or logging) or natural in origin (e.g., due to wetlands or wildfire).Conservation Ecology (Dec. 2003) published an article
Mongolian desert ants. Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) study of ants in Mongolia, presented in Exercise 2.68 (p. 91). Data on annual rainfall, maximum daily temperature, percentage of plant cover, number of ant species, and species diversity index recorded at each of 11 study sites
Spreading rate of spilled liquid. A contract engineer at DuPont Corp. studied the rate at which a spilled volatile liquid will spread across a surface (Chemical Engineering Progress, Jan. 2005). Suppose that 50 gallons of methanol spills onto a level surface outdoors. The engineer uses derived
Ranking driving performance of professional golfers.Refer to The Sport Journal (Winter 2007) analysis of a new method for ranking the total driving performance of golfers on the PGA tour, Exercise 2.66 (p. 90). Recall that the method uses both the average driving distance(in yards) and the driving
Museum management. Refer to the Museum Management and Curatorship (June 2010) study of how museums evaluate their performance, Exercise 2.22 (p. 69). Recall that managers of 30 museums of contemporary art identified the performance measure used most often. A summary of the results is reproduced in
Trend in Iraq War casualties. While the United States was still actively fighting in the Iraq War, a news media outlet produced a graphic showing a dramatic decline in the annual number of American casualties. The number of deaths for the years 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 were(approximately) 475,
BP oil leak. In the summer of 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig caused a leak in one of British Petroleum (BP) Oil Company’s wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Crude oil rushed unabated for 3 straight months into the Gulf until BP could fix the leak. During the disaster, BP
Irrelevant speech effects. Refer to the Acoustical Science& Technology (Vol. 35, 2014) study of irrelevant speech effects, Exercise 2.104 (p. 105). Recall that subjects performed a memorization task under two conditions: (1) with irrelevant background speech and (2) in silence. The difference
Explain why we generally prefer the standard deviation to the range as a measure of variation.
Give a technique that is used to distort information shown on a graph.
Consider the following three measurements: 50, 70, 80.Find the z-score for each measurement if they are from a population with a mean and standard deviation equal toa. m = 60, s = 10b. m = 60, s = 5c. m = 40, s = 10d. m = 40, s = 100
Refer to Exercise 2.179. For parts a–d, determine whether the three measurements 50, 70, and 80 are outliers.
Construct a relative frequency histogram for the data summarized in the following table:Measurement Class Relative Frequency Measurement Class Relative Frequency.00–.75 .02 5.25–6.00 .15.75–1.50 .01 6.00–6.75 .12 1.50–2.25 .03 6.75–7.50 .09 2.25–3.00 .05 7.50–8.25 .05 3.00–3.75
For each of the data sets in parts a–c, compute x, s2, and s.If appropriate, specify the units in which your answers are expressed.a. 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 7b. - $1, $4, - $3, $0, - $3, - $6c. 3/5%, 4/5%, 2/5%, 1/5%, 1/16%d. Calculate the range of each data set in parts a–c.
For each of the data sets in parts a–d, compute x, s2, and s.a. 13, 1, 10, 3, 3b. 13, 6, 6, 0c. 1, 0, 1, 10, 11, 11, 15d. 3, 3, 3, 3e. For each of the data sets in parts a–d, form the interval x { 2s and calculate the percentage of the measurements that fall into that interval.
Construct a scatterplot for the data listed here. Do you detect any trends?Variable #1: 174 268 345 119 400 520 190 448 307 252 Variable #2: 8 10 15 7 22 31 15 20 11 9
Excavating ancient pottery. Archaeologists excavating the ancient Greek settlement at Phylakopi classified the pottery found in trenches. (Chance, Fall 2000.) The accompanying table describes the collection of 837 pottery pieces uncovered in a particular layer at the excavation site. Construct and
Japanese reading levels. University of Hawaii language professors C. Hitosugi and R. Day incorporated a 10-week extensive reading program into a second-semester Japanese language course in an effort to improve students’ Japanese reading comprehension.(Reading in a Foreign Language, Apr. 2004.)
Reading Japanese books. Refer to Exercise 2.187.Fourteen students participated in a 10-week extensive reading program in a second-semester Japanese language course. The number of books read by each student and the student’s grade in the course are listed in the next table.a. Construct a
Body length of armadillos. A group of environmentalists reported the results of a study of giant armadillos inhabiting the southeastern region of Venezuela. A sample of 80 armadillos was captured and the body length (not including the tail) of each was measured (in centimeters).A MINITAB graph
Crash tests on new cars. Each year, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash tests new car models to determine how well they protect the driver and front-seat passenger in a head-on collision.The NHTSA has developed a “star” scoring system for the frontal crash test,
Crash tests on new cars. Refer to Exercise 2.190 and the NHTSA crash test data. One quantitative variable recorded by the NHTSA is driver’s severity of head injury(measured on a scale from 0 to 1,500). Numerical descriptive statistics for the 98 driver head-injury ratings are displayed in the
Estimating the age of glacial drifts. Tills are glacial drifts consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, gravel, and boulders.Engineers from the University of Washington’s Department of Earth and Space Sciences studied the chemical makeup of buried tills in order to estimate the age of the glacial
Training zoo animals. “The Training Game” is an activity used in psychology in which one person shapes an arbitrary behavior by selectively reinforcing the movements of another person. A group of 15 psychology students at the Georgia Institute of Technology played the game at Zoo Atlanta while
Groundwater contamination in wells. Refer to the Environmental Science & Technology (Jan. 2005) study of the factors related to MTBE contamination in 223 New Hampshire wells, presented in Exercise 2.23 (p. 70).The data are saved in the MTBE file. Two of the many quantitative variables measured for
Sociology fieldwork methods. University of New Mexico professor Jane Hood investigated the fieldwork methods used by qualitative sociologists. (Teaching Sociology, July 2006.) Searching for all published journal articles, dissertations, and conference proceedings over the previous seven years in
Radioactive lichen. Lichen has a high absorbance capacity for radiation fallout from nuclear accidents. Since lichen is a major food source for Alaskan caribou, and caribou are, in turn, a major food source for many Alaskan villagers, it is important to monitor the level of radioactivity in
Improving SAT scores. The National Education Longitudinal Survey (NELS) tracks a nationally representative sample of U.S. students from eighth grade through high school and college. Research published in Chance (Winter 2001) examined the SAT scores of 265 NELS students who paid a private tutor to
Ammonia in car exhaust. Three-way catalytic converters have been installed in new vehicles in order to reduce pollutants from motor vehicle exhaust emissions.However, these converters unintentionally increase the level of ammonia in the air. Environmental Science& Technology (Sept. 1, 2000)
College protests of labor exploitation. The United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS) was formed by students on U.S. and Canadian college campuses in 1999 to protest labor exploitation in the apparel industry. Clark University sociologist Robert Ross analyzed the USAS movement in the Journal of
Speed of light from galaxies. Astronomers theorize that cold dark matter caused the formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies in the universe. The theoretical model for cold dark matter requires an estimate of the velocities of light emitted from galaxy clusters. The Astronomical Journal (July
Whistling dolphins. Marine scientists who study dolphin communication have discovered that bottlenose dolphins exhibit an individualized whistle contour known as their signature whistle. A study was conducted to categorize the signature whistles of 10 captive adult bottlenose dolphins in socially
Sentence complexity study. A study published in Applied Psycholinguistics (June 1998) compared the language skills of young children (16–30 months old) from low-income and middle-income families. A total of 260 children—65 in the low-income and 195 in the middle-income group—completed the
Freckling of superalloy ingots. Freckles are defects that sometimes form during the solidification of alloy ingots.A freckle index has been developed to measure the level of freckling on the ingot. A team of engineers conducted several experiments to measure the freckle index of a certain type of
Archaeologists’ study of ring diagrams. Archaeologists gain insight into the social life of ancient tribes by measuring the distance (in centimeters) of each artifact found at a site from the “central hearth” (i.e., the middle of an artifact scatter).A graphical summary of these distances, in
Oil spill impact on seabirds. The Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (Sept. 2000) published a study on the impact of the Exxon Valdez tanker oil spill on the seabird population in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Data were collected on 96 shoreline locations(called
Benford’s Law of Numbers. According to Benford’s law, certain digits (1, 2, 3,…, 9) are more likely to occur as the first significant digit in a randomly selected number than are other digits. For example, the law predicts that the number “1” is the most likely to occur (30% of the time)
Speed of light from galaxies. Refer to The Astronomical Journal study of galaxy velocities, presented in Exercise 2.200 (p. 137). A second cluster of galaxies, named A1775, is thought to be a double cluster—that is, two clusters of galaxies in close proximity. Fifty-one velocity observations(in
Standardized test “average.” U.S. News & World Report reported on many factors contributing to the breakdown of public education. One study mentioned in the article found that over 90% of the nation’s school districts reported that their students were scoring “above the national
Zinc phosphide in pest control. A chemical company produces a substance composed of 98% cracked corn particles and 2% zinc phosphide for use in controlling rat populations in sugarcane fields. Production must be carefully controlled to maintain the 2% zinc phosphide because too much zinc phosphide
Grades in statistics. The final grades given by two professors in introductory statistics courses have been carefully examined. The students in the first professor’s class had a grade point average of 3.0 and a standard deviation of.2. Those in the second professor’s class had grade points with
Salaries of professional athletes. The salaries of superstar professional athletes receive much attention in the media.The multimillion-dollar long-term contract is now commonplace among this elite group. Nevertheless, rarely does a season pass without negotiations between one or more of the
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