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Statistics Plus New Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext Access Card Package 13th Edition James Mcclave ,Terry Sincich - Solutions

What are the most basic outcomes of an experiment called? LO4
Define the sample space. LO4
What is a Venn diagram? LO4
Give two probability rules for sample points. LO4
What is an event? LO4
How do you find the probability of an event made up of several sample points? LO4
Give a scenario where the combinations rule is appropriate for counting the number of sample points. LO4
An experiment results in one of the sample points:E1, E2, E3, E4, or E5.a. Find P1E32 if P1E12 = .2, P1E22 = .1, P1E42 = .1, and P1E52 = .2b. Find P1E32 if P1E12 = P1E32, P1E22 = .3, P1E42 = .3, and P1E52 = .2c. Find P1E32 if P1E12 = P1E22 = P1E42 = P1E52 = .1
The following Venn diagram describes the sample space of a particular experiment and events A and B:a. Suppose the sample points are equally likely. Find P(A)and P(B).b. Suppose P122 = P132 = P142 = P182 = P192 = 120 and P112 = P152 = P162 = P172 = P1102 = 320.Find P(A) and P(B). 07 08 02 10 4 06
The sample space for an experiment contains five sample points with probabilities as shown in the table. Find the probability of each of the following events:A: 5Either 1, 2, or 3 occurs.6 B: 5Either 1, 3, or 5 occurs.6 C: 54 does not occur.6 Sample Points Probabilities 1 .05 2 .20 3 .30 4 .30 5 .15
Compute each of the following:a. a6 5bb. a6 3bc. a3 3bd. a4 0be. a8 7b
Compute the number of ways you can select n elements from N elements for each of the following: LO4a. n = 2, N = 5b. n = 3, N = 6c. n = 5, N = 20
Two fair dice are tossed, and the up face on each die is recorded.a. List the 36 sample points contained in the sample space.b. Assign probabilities to the sample points.c. Find the probability of observing each of the following events:A: 5A 3 appears on each of the two dice.6 B: 5The sum of the
Two marbles are drawn at random and without replacement from a box containing two blue marbles and three red marbles.a. List the sample points.b. Assign probabilities to the sample points.c. Determine the probability of observing each of the following events:A: 5Two blue marbles are drawn.6 B: 5A
Simulate the experiment described in Exercise 3.15, using any five identically shaped objects, two of which are one color and three another. Mix the objects, draw two, record the results, and then replace the objects. Repeat the experiment a large number of times (at least 100). Calculate the
Do social robots walk or roll? Refer to the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010) study of the trend in the design of social robots, Exercise 2.7(p. 66). Recall that in a random sample of 106 social (or service) robots designed to entertain, educate, and care for human
Crop damage by wild boars. The level of crop damage by wild boars in southern Italy was investigated in Current Zoology (Apr. 2014). In the study, crop damage occurred when the wild boars partially or completely destroyed agricultural crops in privately owned lands. The researchers identified 157
Colors of M&Ms candies. Originally, M&Ms Plain Chocolate Candies came in only a brown color. Today, M&Ms in standard bags come in six colors: brown, yellow, red, blue, orange, and green. According to Mars Corporation, today 24% of all M&Ms produced are blue, 20% are orange, 16% are green, 14% are
Rare underwater sounds. A study of underwater sounds in a specific region of the Pacific Ocean focused on scarce sounds, such as humpback whale screams, dolphin whistles, and sounds from passing ships (Acoustical Physics, Vol. 56, 2010). During the month of September (non-rainy season), research
USDA chicken inspection. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports that, under its standard inspection system, one in every 100 slaughtered chickens passes inspection for fecal contamination.a. If a slaughtered chicken is selected at random, what is the probability that it passes
African rhinos. Two species of rhinoceros native to Africa are black rhinos and white rhinos. The International Rhino Federation estimates that the African rhinoceros population consists of 5,055 white rhinos and 20,405 black rhinos.Suppose one rhino is selected at random from the African rhino
STEM experiences for girls. Refer to the 2013 National Science Foundation (NSF) study on girls’ participation in informal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM) programs, Exercise 2.12 (p. 67). Recall that the researchers sampled 174 young women who recently participated in a
Health risks to beachgoers. According to a University of Florida veterinary researcher, the longer a beachgoer sits in wet sand or stays in the water, the higher the health risk(University of Florida News, Jan. 29, 2008). Using data collected at 3 Florida beaches, the researcher discovered the
Cheek teeth of extinct primates. Refer to the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 142, 2010) study of the dietary habits of extinct mammals, Exercise 2.9(p. 66). Recall that 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls of an extinct primate species discovered in western Wyoming were analyzed.
Chance of rain. Answer the following question posed in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution: When a meteorologist says, “The probability of rain this afternoon is .4,” does it mean that it will be raining 40% of the time during the afternoon?
Railway track allocation. Refer to the Journal of Transportation Engineering (May 2013) investigation of railroad track allocation at a railway station with 11 tracks, Exercise 2.16 (p. 68). A simple algorithm designed to minimize waiting time and bottlenecks is one in which engineers randomly
Museum management. Refer to the Museum Management and Curatorship (June 2010) study of the criteria used to evaluate museum performance, Exercise 2.22 (p. 69).Recall that the managers of 30 leading museums of contemporary art were asked to provide the performance measure used most often. A summary
Choosing portable grill displays. A study of how people attempt to influence the choices of others by offering undesirable alternatives was published in the Journal of Consumer Research (Mar. 2003). In one phase of the study, the researcher had each of 124 college students select showroom displays
ESL students and plagiarism. The Journal of Education and Human Development (Vol. 3, 2009) investigated the causes of plagiarism among six English-as-a-secondlanguage(ESL) students. All students in the class wrote two essays, one in the middle and one at the end of the semester. After the first
Jai alai Quinella bet. The Quinella bet at the parimutuel game of jai alai consists of picking the jai alai players that will place first and second in a game, irrespective of order.In jai alai, eight players (numbered 1, 2, 3, … , 8) compete in every game.a. How many different Quinella bets are
Using game simulation to teach a course. In Engineering Management Research (May 2012), a simulation game approach was proposed to teach concepts in a course on production. The proposed game simulation was for color television production. The products are two color television models, A and B. Each
Lead bullets as forensic evidence. Chance (Summer 2004)published an article on the use of lead bullets as forensic evidence in a federal criminal case. Typically, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) will use a laboratory method to match the lead in a bullet found at a crime scene with
Matching socks. Consider the following question posed to Marilyn vos Savant in her weekly newspaper column, “Ask Marilyn”:I have two pairs of argyle socks, and they look nearly identical—one navy blue and the other black. [When doing the laundry] my wife matches the socks incorrectly much
Post-op nausea study. Nausea and vomiting after surgery are common side effects of anesthesia and painkillers. Six different drugs, varying in cost, were compared for their effectiveness in preventing nausea and vomiting (New England Journal of Medicine, June 10, 2004). The medical researchers
Dominant versus recessive traits. A gene is composed of two alleles. An allele can be either dominant or recessive.Suppose a husband and a wife, who are both carriers of the sickle cell anemia allele but do not have the disease, decide to have a child. Because both parents are carriers of the
Drug testing of firefighters. Hillsborough County, Florida, has 42 fire stations that employ 980 career firefighters and 160 volunteers. Both types of firefighters are drug tested every six months. However, the career firefighters and volunteers are treated as separate populations.For drug testing,
Define in words mutually exclusive events. LO4
Define in words the union of two events. LO4
Define in words the intersection of two events. LO4
Define in words the complement of an event. LO4
State the rule of complements. LO4
State the additive rule of probability for mutually exclusive events. LO4
State the additive rule of probability for any two events. LO4
A fair coin is tossed three times, and the events A and B are defined as follows:A: 5At least one head is observed.6 B: 5The number of heads observed is odd.6a. Identify the sample points in the events A, B, A ∪ B, Ac, and A ¨ B.b. Find P1A2, P1B2, P1A ∪ B2, P1Ac2, and P1A ¨ B2 by summing the
Suppose P1B2 = .7, P1D2 = .5, and P1B ¨ D2 = .3.Find the probabilities below.a. P1Dc2b. P1Bc2c. P1B ∪ D2
Consider the following Venn diagram, where P1E22 = P1E32 =15, P1E42 = P1E52 =120, P1E62 =110, P1E72 =15:Find each of the following probabilities:a. P(A)b. P(B)c. P1A ∪ B2d. P1A ¨ B2e. P1Ac2f. P1Bc2 g. P1A ∪ Ac2 h. P1Ac ¨ B2 A E E2 B EA 0 Es E3 E E6 S
Consider the following Venn diagram, where P1E12 = .2, P1E22 = P(E3) = .04, P1E42 = .06, P1E52 = .08, P1E62 = .15, P1E72 = .25, and P1E82 = .18Find the following probabilities:a. P1Ac2b. P1Bc2c. P1A ¨ Bc2d. P1A ¨ B2e. P1A ∪ B2f. P1Ac ∪ Bc2 g. Are events A and B mutually exclusive? Why? A E
A pair of fair dice is tossed. Define the events A and B as follows. Define the following events:A: 5An 8 is rolled6 1The sum of the numbers of dots on the upper faces of the two dice is equal to 8.)B: 5At least one of the two dice is showing a 66a. Identify the sample points in the event A, B, A
Three fair coins are tossed. We wish to find the probability of the event A: 5Observe at most two tails.6a. Express A as the union of three mutually exclusive events. Using the expression you wrote, find the probability of A.b. Express A as the complement of an event. Using the expression you
What is the advantage of a Pareto diagram over a bar graph?
A qualitative variable with three classes (X, Y, and Z) is measured for each of 20 units randomly sampled from a target population. The data (observed class for each unit)are as follows:a. Compute the frequency for each of the three classes.b. Compute the relative frequency for each of the three
Study of importance of libraries. In The Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science (Vol. 33, 2009), researchers from the University of Western Ontario reported on mall shoppers’ opinions about libraries and their importance to today’s society. Each in a sample of over 200 mall
Do social robots walk or roll? According to the United Nations, social robots now outnumber industrial robots worldwide. A social (or service) robot is designed to entertain, educate, and care for human users. In a paper published by the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414,
Paying for music downloads. If you use the Internet, have you ever paid to access or download music? This was one of the questions of interest in a recent Pew Internet &American Life Project Survey (October 2010). Telephone interviews were conducted on a representative sample of 1,003 adults
Cheek teeth of extinct primates. The characteristics of cheek teeth (e.g., molars) can provide anthropologists with information on the dietary habits of extinct mammals. The cheek teeth of an extinct primate species were the subject of research reported in the American Journal of Physical
Humane education and classroom pets. In grade school, did your teacher have a pet in the classroom? Many teachers do so in order to promote humane education.The Journal of Moral Education (Mar. 2010) published a study designed to examine elementary school teachers’experiences with humane
Estimating the rhino population. The International Rhino Foundation estimates that there are 28,933 rhinoceroses living in the wild in Africa and Asia. A breakdown of the number of rhinos of each species is reported in the accompanying table:a. Construct a relative frequency table for the data.b.
STEM experiences for girls. The National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored a study on girls’ participation in informal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM) programs (see Exercise 1.13). The results of the study were published in Cascading Influences: Long-Term Impacts of
Microsoft program security issues. The dominance of Microsoft in the computer software market has led to numerous malicious attacks (e.g., worms, viruses) on its programs. To help its users combat these problems, Microsoft periodically issues a security bulletin that reports the software affected
Genealogy research. The Journal of Family History (Jan.2010) investigated the genealogy of a certain Korean clan.Of interest was whether or not a family name continued into the next generation in the clan genealogy (called a continued line) or dropped out (called a dropout line). Sideby-side pie
Characteristics of ice melt ponds. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) collects data on the albedo, depth, and physical characteristics of ice melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic. Environmental engineers at the University of Colorado are using these data to study how climate affects the sea
Railway track allocation. One of the problems faced by transportation engineers is the assignment of tracks to trains at a busy railroad station. Overused and/or underused tracks cause increases in maintenance costs and inefficient allocation of resources. The Journal of Transportation
Satellites in orbit. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists (www.ucsusa.org), there are 502 low earth orbit(LEO) and 432 geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites in space. Each satellite is owned by an entity in either the government, military, commercial, or civil sector. A breakdown of the
Curbing street gang gun violence. Operation Ceasefire is a program implemented to reduce street gang gun violence in the city of Boston. The effectiveness of the program was examined in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology(Mar. 2014). Over a 5-year period (2006–2010), there were 80 shootings
Interactions in a children’s museum. The nature of child-led and adult-led interactions in a children’s museum was investigated in Early Childhood Education Journal (Mar. 2014).Interactions by visitors to the museum were classified as(1) show-and-tell, (2) learning, (3) teaching, (4)
Motivation and right-oriented bias. Evolutionary theory suggests that motivated decision makers tend to exhibit a right-oriented bias. (For example, if presented with two equally valued brands of detergent on a supermarket shelf, consumers are more likely to choose the brand on the right.) In
Do you believe in the Bible? Each year the National Opinion Research Center conducts the General Social Survey(GSS), eliciting opinions of Americans on a wide variety of social topics. One question in the survey asked about a person’s belief in the Bible. A sample of 4,826 respondents selected
Museum management. What criteria do museums use to evaluate their performance? In a worldwide survey reported in Museum Management and Curatorship(June 2010), managers of 30 leading museums of contemporary art were asked to provide the performance measure used most often. The data are provided in
Groundwater contamination in wells. In New Hampshire, about half the counties mandate the use of reformulated gasoline. This has led to an increase in the contamination of groundwater with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).Environmental Science & Technology (Jan. 2005) reported on the factors
Extinct New Zealand birds. Refer to the Evolutionary Ecology Research (July 2003) study of the patterns of extinction in the New Zealand bird population, Exercise 1.20(p. 49). Data on flight capability (volant or flightless), habitat (aquatic, ground terrestrial, or aerial terrestrial), nesting
Between a bar chart and a stem-and-leaf display, which one can you use for interval data?
Explain the difference between a stem-and-leaf display and a histogram for representing numeric data.
How many classes are recommended in a histogram of a data set with less than 25 observations?
Graph the relative frequency histogram for the 500 measurements summarized in the accompanying relative frequency table. Class Interval .5-2.5 2.5-4.5 Relative Frequency .10 .15 4.5-6.5 .25 6.5-8.5 .20 8.5-10.5 .05 10.5-12.5 .10 12.5-14.5 .10 14.5-16.5 .05
Refer to Exercise 2.32. Calculate the number of the 500 measurements falling into each of the measurement classes. Then graph a frequency histogram of these data.
Irrelevant speech effects. In a psychological study of shortterm memory, irrelevant speech effects refer to the degree to which the memorization process is impaired by irrelevant background speech (for example, trying to memorize a list of numbers while listening to a speech in an unfamiliar
Stability of compounds in new drugs. Testing the metabolic stability of compounds used in drugs is the cornerstone of new drug discovery. Two important values computed from the testing phase are the fraction of compound unbound to plasma (fup) and the fraction of compound unbound to microsomes
Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Refer to the Business and Society (Mar. 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 1.26(p. 50). Recall that corporate sustainability refers to business practices designed around social and environmental considerations. Data on
Shaft graves in ancient Greece. Archeologists have discovered a rise in shaft graves during the Middle Helladic period in ancient Greece (i.e., around 2000 BC). Shaft graves are named for the beautifully decorated sword shafts that are buried along with the bodies. An analysis of shaft graves was
Cheek teeth of extinct primates. Refer to the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 142, 2010) study of the characteristics of cheek teeth (e.g., molars) in an extinct primate species, Exercise 2.9(p. 66). In addition to degree of wear, the researchers recorded the dentary depth of molars
Music performance anxiety. The nature of performance anxiety by music students was investigated in the British Journal of Music Education (Mar. 2014). Symptoms of music performance anxiety include increased heart rate, shallow breathing, anxious thoughts, and the avoidance of practice.A Performance
Is honey a cough remedy? Does a teaspoon of honey before bed really calm a child’s cough? To test the folk remedy, pediatric researchers at Pennsylvania State University carried out a designed study involving a sample of 105 children who were ill with an upper respiratory tract infection
Sanitation inspection of cruise ships. To minimize the potential for gastrointestinal disease outbreaks, all passenger cruise ships arriving at U.S. ports are subject to unannounced sanitation inspections. Ships are rated on a 100-point scale by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A
Crab spiders hiding on flowers. Crab spiders use camouflage to hide on flowers while lying in wait to prey on other insects. Ecologists theorize that this natural camouflage also enables the spiders to hide from their own predators, such as birds and lizards. Researchers at the French Museum of
Sound waves from a basketball. An experiment was conducted to characterize sound waves in a spherical cavity(American Journal of Physics, June 2010). A fully inflated basketball, hanging from rubber bands, was struck with a metal rod, producing a series of metallic-sounding pings. Of particular
Research on eating disorders. Data from a psychology experiment were reported and analyzed in The American Statistician (May 2001). Two samples of female students participated in the experiment. One sample consisted of 11 students known to suffer from the eating disorder bulimia;the other sample
Research on brain specimens. The postmortem interval(PMI) is defined as the time elapsed (in days) between death and an autopsy. Knowledge of the PMI is considered essential to conducting medical research on human cadavers. The data in the accompanying table are the PMIs of 22 human brain specimens
State SAT scores. Educators are constantly evaluating the efficacy of public schools in the education and training of U.S. students. One quantitative assessment of change over time is the difference in scores on the SAT, which has been used for decades by colleges and universities as one criterion
Phishing attacks to e-mail accounts. Phishing is the term used to describe an attempt to extract personal/financial information (e.g., PIN numbers, credit card information, bank account numbers) from unsuspecting people through fraudulent e-mail. An article in Chance (Summer 2007)demonstrates how
Mineral flotation in water study. A high concentration of calcium and gypsum in water can affect the water quality and limit mineral flotation. In Minerals Engineering(Vol. 46–47, 2013), chemical and materials engineers published a study of the impact of calcium and gypsum on the flotation
Give three different measures of central tendency.
Explain the difference between the mean and the median as measures of central tendency.
Which of the three measures of central tendency may not be unique for a given data set?
What are the typical relative positions of the mean and the median for a skewed distribution?
Between the mean and the median, which one is affected by the minimum and maximum values of the observed data?
Describe how the mean compares with the median for a distribution as follows:a. Skewed to the leftb. Skewed to the rightc. Symmetric
Calculate the mean and median of the following grade point averages: 3.2 2.5 2.1 3.7 2.8 2.0
Calculate the mean for samples for whicha. n = 10, ax = 85b. n = 16, ax = 400c. n = 45, ax = 35d. n = 18, ax = 242
Shaft graves in ancient Greece. Refer to the American Journal of Archaeology (Jan. 2014) study of sword shaft graves in ancient Greece, Exercise 2.37(p. 78). The number of sword shafts buried at each of 13 recently discovered grave sites is reproduced in the following table.a. Calculate the mean of
Characteristics of a rock fall. In Environmental Geology(Vol. 58, 2009) computer simulation was employed to estimate how far a block from a collapsing rock wall will bounce—called rebound length—down a soil slope.Based on the depth, location, and angle of block-soil impact marks left on the

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