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Statistics Plus New Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext Access Card Package 13th Edition James Mcclave ,Terry Sincich - Solutions
Appraisals and negative emotions. According to psychological theory, each negative emotion one has is linked to some thought (appraisal) about the environment. This theory was tested in the journal Cognition and Emotion (Vol. 24, 2010). Undergraduate students were asked to respond to events that
Health risks to beachgoers. Refer to the University of Florida study of health risks to beachgoers, Exercise 3.24(p. 158). According to the study, 6 out of 1,000 people exposed to wet sand for a 10-minute period will acquire gastroenteritis and 7 out of 1,000 people exposed to ocean water for a
Sleep apnea and sleep stage transitioning. Refer to the sleep apnea study published in Chance (Winter 2009), Exercise 3.57(p. 169). Recall that the various stages of sleep for a large group of sleep apnea patients were monitored in 30-second“epochs,” and the sleep stage for the previous and
Compensatory advantage in education. According to Sociology of Education (Apr. 2014), compensatory advantage occurs when individuals from privileged backgrounds are less dependent on prior negative outcomes than individuals from disadvantaged families. The researcher applied this theory to
Are you really being served red snapper? Red snapper is a rare and expensive reef fish served at upscale restaurants.Federal law prohibits restaurants from serving a cheaper, look-alike variety of fish (e.g., vermillion snapper or lane snapper) to customers who order red snapper. Researchers at the
Fighting probability of fallow deer bucks. Refer to the Aggressive Behavior (Jan./Feb. 2007) study of fallow deer bucks fighting during the mating season, presented in Exercise 3.61(p. 170). Recall that researchers recorded 167 encounters between two bucks, one of which clearly initiated the
Extinct New Zealand birds. Refer to the Evolutionary Ecology Research (July 2003) study of the patterns of extinction in the New Zealand bird population, presented in Exercise 2.24(p. 70). Consider the data on extinction status(extinct, absent from island, present) for the 132 bird species. The
Muscle, fat, and bone issues while aging. In Ageing Research Reviews (May 2014), nutritionists published a study of the health issues faced by aging adults. Three of the most common health conditions are obesity (high body fat mass), osteoporosis (low bone mineral density in neck and spine), and
Ambulance response time. Geographical Analysis (Jan.2010) presented a study of Emergency Medical Services(EMS) ability to meet the demand for an ambulance.In one example, the researchers presented the following scenario. An ambulance station has one vehicle and two demand locations, A and B. The
Intrusion detection systems. A computer intrusion detection system (IDS) is designed to provide an alarm whenever there is unauthorized access into a computer system. A probabilistic evaluation of a system with two independently operating intrusion detection systems (a double IDS) was published in
Detecting traces of TNT. University of Florida researchers in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering have invented a technique that rapidly detects traces of TNT (Today, Spring 2005). The method, which involves shining a laser on a potentially contaminated object, provides
Random mutation of cells. Chance (Spring 2010) presented an article on the random mutation hypothesis developed by microbiologists. Under this hypothesis, when a wild-type organic cell (e.g., a bacteria cell) divides, there is a chance that at least one of the two “daughter” cells is a mutant.
Testing a psychic’s ability. Consider an experiment in which 10 identical small boxes are placed side by side on a table. A crystal is placed at random inside one of the boxes. A self-professed “psychic” is asked to pick the box that contains the crystal.a. If the “psychic” simply
Risk of a natural-gas pipeline accident. Process Safety Progress (Dec. 2004) published a risk analysis for a natural-gas pipeline between Bolivia and Brazil. The most likely scenario for an accident would be natural-gas leakage from a hole in the pipeline. The probability that the leak ignites
Find the numerical values of a. e. 100 b. P c. P d. 3 98 5550 f. (50) g. P h. P10 0
Use the multiplicative rule to determine the number of sample points in the sample space corresponding to the experiment of tossing the following.a. a 4-sided die 4 timesb. a 4-sided die 5 timesc. a 4-sided die 6 timesd. a 4-sided die n times
An experiment consists of choosing objects without regard to order. How many sample points are there if you choose the following?a. 4 objects from 8b. 2 objects from 5c. 2 objects from 34d. 7 objects from 9e. n objects from t
Cheek teeth of extinct primates. Refer to the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 142, 2010) study of the dietary habits of extinct mammals, Exercise 3.25(p. 158). Recall that 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls of an extinct primate species discovered in western Wyoming were analyzed.
Choosing portable grill displays. Refer to the Journal of Consumer Research (Mar. 2003) study of how people attempt to influence the choices of others, Exercise 3.29(p. 159).Recall that students selected three portable grill displays to be compared from an offering of five different grill
Monitoring impedance to leg movements. In an experiment designed to monitor impedance to leg movement, Korean engineers attached electrodes to the ankles and knees of volunteers. Of interest were the voltage readings between pairs of electrodes (IEICE Transactions on Information & Systems, Jan.
Picking a basketball team. Suppose you are to choose a basketball team (five players) from eight available athletes.a. How many ways can you choose a team (ignoring positions)?b. How many ways can you choose a team composed of two guards, two forwards, and a center?c. How many ways can you choose a
Selecting project teams. Suppose you are managing 10 employees and you need to form three teams to work on different projects. Assume that each employee may serve on any team. In how many different ways can the teams be formed if the number of members on each project team are as follows:a. 3, 3,
Using game simulation to teach a course. Refer to the Engineering Management Research (May 2012) study of using a simulation game to teach a production course, Exercise 3.32(p. 159). Recall that a purchase order card in the simulated game consists of a choice of one of two color television brands(A
ZIP codes. An eight-digit code is used to distinguish between different regions. The code uses numbers between 1 and 9, inclusive.a. How many different codes are available for use?(Assume that any eight-digit number can be used as a code.)b. The first three digits of a code for a particular region
Traveling between cities. A salesperson living in city A wishes to visit five cities B, C, D, E, and F.a. If the cities are all connected by airlines, how many different travel plans could be constructed to visit each city exactly once and then return home?b. Suppose all cities are connected,
Football uniform combinations. Nike manufactures uniforms for both major college and professional (NFL)football teams. The company achieved notoriety for reinventing the look of the Oregon Ducks football team.Oregon now has five different helmets, seven different jerseys, and six different pants to
Kiwifruit as an iron supplement. An article published in BMC Public Health (Vol. 10, 2010) studied the effectiveness of gold kiwifruit as an iron supplement in women with an iron deficiency. Fifty women were assigned to receive an ironfortified breakfast cereal with a banana, and 50 women were
Randomization in a study of TV commercials. Gonzaga University professors conducted a study of over 1,500 television commercials and published their results in the Journal of Sociology, Social Work and Social Welfare (Vol.2, 2008). Commercials from eight networks—ABC, FAM, FOX, MTV, ESPN, CBS,
Multilevel marketing schemes. Successful companies employ multilevel marketing (MLM) schemes to distribute their products. In one company, each distributor recruits several additional distributors to work at the first level. Each of these first-level distributors, in turn, recruits distributors to
Mathematical theory of partitions. Mathematicians at the University of Florida solved a 30-year-old mathematics problem with the use of the theory of partitions (Explore, Fall 2000). In mathematical terminology, a partition is a representation of an integer as a sum of positive integers.(For
The “marriage” problem. A mathematics assignment problem in which each element from one set is matched with one and only one element from another set is often referred to as a “marriage” problem. Mathematical Social Sciences (May 2014) considered the following marriage problem. After
Florida license plates. In the mid-1980s, the state of Florida ran out of combinations of letters and numbers for its license plates. Then, each license plate contained three letters of the alphabet, followed by three digits selected from the 10 digits 0, 1, 2, . . . , 9.a. How many different
Selecting a maintenance support system. In the Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering (Vol. 9, 2003), researchers used an analytic hierarchy process to help build a preferred maintenance organization for ARTHUR, the Norwegian Army’s high-tech radar system. The process requires the builder
Volleyball positions. Intercollegiate volleyball rules require that after the opposing team has lost its serve, each of the six members of the serving team must rotate into new positions on the court. Hence, each player must be able to play all six different positions. How many different team
Studying exam questions. A college professor hands out a list of 10 questions, 5 of which will appear on the final examination for the course. One of the students taking the course is pressed for time and can prepare for only 6 of the 10 questions on the list. Suppose the professor chooses the 5
Modeling the behavior of granular media. Granular media are substances made up of many distinct grains—including sand, rice, ball bearings, and flour. The properties of these materials were theoretically modeled in Engineering Computations: International Journal for Computer-Aided Engineering and
A straight flush in poker. Consider 5-card poker hands dealt from a standard 52-card bridge deck. Two important events are[Note: A flush consists of any 5 cards of the same suit. A straight consists of any 5 cards with values in sequence. In a straight, the cards may be of any suit, and an ace may
Explain the difference between the two probabilities P1A0B2 and P1B0A2.
Why is Bayes’s rule unnecessary for finding P1B0A2 if events A and B are independent?
Why is Bayes’s rule unnecessary for finding P1B0A2 if events A and B are mutually exclusive?
Suppose the events B1 and B2 are mutually exclusive and complementary events, such that P1B12 = .31 and P1B22 = .69. Consider another event A such that P1A0B12 = .1 and P1A0B22 = .5.Complete parts a through e below.a. Find P1B1 ∩ A2.b. Find P1B2 ∩ A2.c. Find P(A) using the results in parts a
Suppose the events B1, B2, and B3 are mutually exclusive and complementary events such that P1B12 = .2, P1B22 = .15, and P1B32 = .65. Consider another event A such that P1A0B12 = .4, P1A0B22 = .25, and P1A0B32 = .6. Use Bayes’s rule to finda. P1B1 0A2b. P1B2 0A2c. P1B3 0A2
Suppose the events B1, B2, and B3 are mutually exclusive and complementary events such that P1B12 = .55, P1B22 = .35, and P1B32 = .1. Consider another event A such that P1A2 = .2. If A is independent of B1, B2, and B3, use Bayes’s rule to show that P1B1 0A2 = P1B12 = .55.
Reverse-engineering gene identification. In Molecular Systems Biology (Vol. 3, 2007), geneticists at the University of Naples (Italy) used reverse engineering to identify genes. They calculated P1G0D2, where D is a gene expression data set of interest and G is a graphical identifier. Several
Drug testing in athletes. When Olympic athletes are tested for illegal drug use (i.e., doping), the results of a single test are used to ban the athlete from competition. In Chance(Spring 2004), University of Texas biostatisticians demonstrated the application of Bayes’s rule to making inferences
Fingerprint expertise. A study published in Psychological Science (Aug. 2011) tested the accuracy of experts and novices in identifying fingerprints. Participants were presented pairs of fingerprints and asked to judge whether the prints in each pair matched. The pairs were presented under three
Tests for Down syndrome. Currently, there are three diagnostic tests available for chromosome abnormalities in a developing fetus: triple serum marker screening, ultrasound, and amniocentesis. The safest (to both the mother and fetus) and least expensive of the three is the ultrasound test. Two San
HIV testing and false positives. Bayes’s rule was applied to the problem of HIV testing in The American Statistician(Aug. 2008). In North America, the probability of a person having HIV is .008. A test for HIV yields either a positive or negative result. Given that a person has HIV, the
Mining for dolomite. Dolomite is a valuable mineral that is found in sedimentary rock. During mining operations, dolomite is often confused with shale. The radioactivity features of rock can aid miners in distinguishing between dolomite and shale rock zones. For example, if the gamma ray reading of
Intrusion detection systems. Refer to the Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Nov.–Dec. 2003) study of a double intrusion detection system with independent systems, presented in Exercise 3.98(p. 186). Recall that if there is an intruder, system A sounds an
Confidence of feedback information for improving quality.In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, companies strive to improve product quality. One key to improved quality is having confidence in the feedback generated by production equipment. A study of the confidence level of feedback
Forensic analysis of JFK assassination bullets. Following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy (JFK)in 1963, the House Select Committee on Assassinations(HSCA) conducted an official government investigation.The HSCA concluded that although there was a probable conspiracy, involving at
Which of the following pairs of events are mutually exclusive? a. A = {The Tampa Bay Rays win the World Series next year.} B = {Evan Longoria, Rays infielder, hits 75 home runs runs next year.} b. A = {Psychiatric patient Tony responds to a stimulus within 5 seconds.} B = {Psychiatric patient Tony
A sample space consists of four sample points S1, S2, S3, and S4, where P1S12 = .3, P1S22 = .3, P1S32 = .2, and P1S42 = .2.a. Show that the sample points obey the two probability rules for a sample space.b. If an event A = 5S1, S46, find P(A).
A and B are mutually exclusive events, with P1A2 = .3 and P1B2 = .4.a. Find P1A0B2.b. Are A and B independent events?
For two events A and B, suppose P1A2 = .5, P1B2 = .8 and P1A ¨ B2 = .4. Find P1A ∪ B2.
Given that P1A ¨ B2 = .3 and P1B0A2 = .9, find P(A).
The Venn diagram in the next column illustrates a sample space containing six sample points and three events A, B, and C. The probabilities of the sample points are:P112 = .2, P122 = .1, P132 = .2, P142 = .2, P152 = .1, and P162 = .2a. Find P1A¨ B2, P1B ¨ C2, P1A∪C2, P1A∪B∪C2, P1Bc2, P1Ac
A fair die is tossed, and the up face is noted. If the number is less than 3, the die is tossed again; otherwise, a fair coin is tossed. Consider the following events:A: 5A tail appears on the coin6 B: 5The die is tossed only one time6a. List the sample points in the sample space.b. Give the
A balanced die is thrown once. If a 4 appears, a ball is drawn from urn 1; otherwise, a ball is drawn from urn 2.urn 1 contains two red, four white and six black balls. Urn 2 contains one red and five black balls.a. Find the probability that a red ball is drawn.b. Find the probability that urn 1
Two events, A and B, are independent, with P1A2 = .5 and P1B2 = .3.a. Are A and B mutually exclusive? Why?b. Find P1A0B2 and P1B0A2.c. Find P1A ∪ B2.
Find the numerical value of a. 7! b. 8 C. d. P e. (4) f. 0! g. P h. P30
Going online for health information. A cyberchondriac is defined as a person who regularly searches the Web for health care information. A Harris Poll surveyed 1,010 U.S.adults by telephone and asked each respondent how often(in the past month) he or she looked for health care information online.
Study of ancient pottery. Refer to the Chance (Fall 2000)study of ancient pottery found at the Greek settlement of Phylakopi, presented in Exercise 2.186(p. 134). Of the 837 pottery pieces uncovered at the excavation site, 183 were painted. These painted pieces included 14 painted in a curvilinear
Post office violence. The Wall Street Journal (Sept. 1, 2000)reported on an independent study of postal workers and violence at post offices. In a sample of 12,000 postal workers, 600 were physically assaulted on the job in a recent year. Use this information to estimate the probability that a
Sterile couples in Jordan. A sterile family is a couple that has no children by their deliberate choice or because they are biologically infertile. Researchers at Yarmouk University (in Jordan) estimated the proportion of sterile couples in that country to be .06 (Journal of Data Science, July
NHTSA new car crash testing. Refer to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash tests of new car models, presented in Exercise 2.190(p. 135). Recall that the NHTSA has developed a “star”scoring system, with results ranging from one star (*) to five stars (*****). The more
Selecting a sample. A random sample of eight students is to be selected from 40 sociology majors for participation in a special program. In how many different ways can the sample be drawn?
Fungi in beech forest trees. The current status of the beech tree species in East Central Europe was evaluated by Hungarian university professors in Applied Ecology and Environmental Research (Vol. 1, 2003). Of 188 beech trees surveyed, 49 had been damaged by fungi. Depending on the species of
Do you have a library card? According to a Harris poll, 68% of all American adults have a public library card. The percentages do differ by gender—62% of males have library cards compared to 73% of females.a. Consider the three probabilities: P1A2 = .68, P1A0B2 = .62, and P1A0C2 = .73. Define
Beach erosional hot spots. Beaches that exhibit high erosion rates relative to the surrounding beach are defined as erosional hot spots. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is conducting a study of beach hot spots. Through an online questionnaire, data are collected on six beach hot spots.The data are
Chemical insect attractant. An entomologist is studying the effect of a chemical sex attractant (pheromone) on insects.Several insects are released at a site equidistant from the pheromone under study and a control substance. If the pheromone has an effect, more insects will travel toward it rather
Toxic chemical incidents. Process Safety Progress (Sept.2004) reported on an emergency response system for incidents involving toxic chemicals in Taiwan. The system has logged over 250 incidents since being implemented.The next table gives a breakdown of the locations where these incidents
Federal civil trial appeals. The Journal of the American Law and Economics Association (Vol. 3, 2001) published the results of a study of appeals of federal civil trials. The accompanying table, extracted from the article, gives a breakdown of 2,143 civil cases that were appealed by either the
Winning at roulette. Roulette is a very popular game in many American casinos. In Roulette, a ball spins on a circular wheel that is divided into 38 arcs of equal length, bearing the numbers 00, 0, 1, 2,c, 35, 36. The number of the arc on which the ball stops is the outcome of one play of the game.
Cigar smoking and cancer. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute (Feb. 16, 2000) published the results of a study that investigated the association between cigar smoking and death from tobacco-related cancers. Data were obtained for a national sample of 137,243 American men.The results are
Errors in estimating job costs. A construction company employs three sales engineers. Engineers 1, 2, and 3 estimate the costs of 30%, 20%, and 50%, respectively, of all jobs bid on by the company. For i = 1, 2, 3, define Ei to be the event that a job is estimated by engineer i. The following
Elderly wheelchair user study. The American Journal of Public Health (Jan. 2002) reported on a study of elderly wheelchair users who live at home. A sample of 306 wheelchair users, age 65 or older, were surveyed about whether they had an injurious fall during the year and whether their home
Matching medical students with residencies. The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) is a service provided to match graduating medical students with residency appointments at hospitals. After students and hospital officials have evaluated each other, they submit rank-order lists of their
Selecting new-car options. A company sells midlevel models of automobiles in eight different styles. A buyer can get an automobile in one of four colors and with either standard or automatic transmission. Would it be reasonable to expect a dealer to stock at least one automobile in every
Shooting free throws. In college basketball games, a player may be afforded the opportunity to shoot two consecutive foul shots (free throws).a. Suppose a player who makes (i.e., scores on) 75% of his foul shots has been awarded two free throws. If the two throws are considered independent, what is
Maize seeds. The genetic origin and properties of maize(modern-day corn) were investigated in Economic Botany. Seeds from maize ears carry either single spikelets or paired spikelets but not both. Progeny tests on approximately 600 maize ears revealed the following information:Forty percent of all
Selecting committee members. The Republican governor of a state with no income tax is appointing a committee of five members to consider changes in the income tax law.There are 15 state representatives—seven Democrats and eight Republicans—available for appointment to the committee.Assume that
Series and parallel systems. Consider the two systems shown in the schematic below. System A operates properly only if all three components operate properly. (The three components are said to operate in series.) The probability of failure for system A components 1, 2, and 3 is .1, .08, and .13,
Monitoring the quality of power equipment. Mechanical Engineering (Feb. 2005) reported on the need for wireless networks to monitor the quality of industrial equipment.For example, consider Eaton Corp., a company that develops distribution products. Eaton estimates that 90% of the electrical
Repairing a computer system. The local area network(LAN) for the computing system at a large university is temporarily shut down for repairs. Previous shutdowns have been due to hardware failure, software failure, or power failure. Maintenance engineers have determined that the probabilities of
Dream experiment in psychology. A clinical psychologist is given tapes of 20 subjects discussing their recent dreams.The psychologist is told that 10 are high-anxiety individuals and 10 are low-anxiety individuals. The psychologist’s task is to select the 10 high-anxiety subjects.a. Count the
Sociology fieldwork methods. Refer to University of New Mexico professor Jane Hood’s study of the fieldwork methods used by qualitative sociologists, presented in Exercise 2.195(p. 136). Recall that she discovered that fieldwork methods could be classified into four distinct categories:Interview,
Forest fragmentation study. Refer to the Conservation Ecology (Dec. 2003) study of the causes of forest fragmentation, presented in Exercise 2.166(p. 125). Recall that the researchers used advanced high-resolution satellite imagery to develop fragmentation indexes for each forest.A 3 * 3 grid was
Odds of winning a horse race. Handicappers for horse races express their beliefs about the probability of each horse winning a race in terms of odds. If the probability of event E is P(E ), then the odds in favor of E are P(E )to 1 - P1E2. Thus, if a handicapper assesses a probability of .25 that
Sex composition patterns of children in families. In having children, is there a genetic factor that causes some families to favor one sex over the other? That is, does having boys or girls “run in the family”? This was the question of interest in Chance (Fall 2001). Using data collected on
Finding an organ transplant match. One of the problems encountered with organ transplants is the body’s rejection of the transplanted tissue. If the antigens attached to the tissue cells of the donor and receiver match, the body will accept the transplanted tissue. Although the antigens in
Chance of winning at blackjack. Blackjack, a favorite game of gamblers, is played by a dealer and at least one opponent.At the outset of the game, 2 cards of a 52-card bridge deck are dealt to the player and 2 cards to the dealer.Drawing an ace and a face card is called blackjack. If the dealer
Accuracy of pregnancy tests. Sixty percent of all women who submit to pregnancy tests are really pregnant. A certain pregnancy test gives a false positive result with probability .03 and a valid positive result with probability.98. If a particular woman’s test is positive, what is the probability
Chance of winning at “craps.” A version of the dice game“craps” is played in the following manner. A player starts by rolling two balanced dice. If the roll (the sum of the two numbers showing on the dice) results in a 7 or 11, the player wins. If the roll results in a 2 or a 3 (called
The perfect bridge hand. According to a morning news program, a very rare event recently occurred in Dubuque, Iowa. Each of four women playing bridge was astounded to note that she had been dealt a perfect bridge hand. That is, one woman was dealt all 13 spades, another all 13 hearts, another all
“Let’s Make a Deal.” Marilyn vos Savant, who is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records Hall of Fame as having the “Highest IQ,” writes a weekly column in the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade Magazine. Her column, “Ask Marilyn,” is devoted to games of skill, puzzles, and
Most likely coin-toss sequence. In Parade Magazine’s(Nov. 26, 2000) column “Ask Marilyn,” the following question was posed: “I have just tossed a [balanced] coin 10 times, and I ask you to guess which of the following three sequences was the result. One (and only one) of the sequences is
What is the primary job of a statistician?
What are the broad types of statistical applications?
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