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elementary statistics
Elementary Statistics 14th Edition Mario F. Triola - Solutions
Each student should estimate the current age of the person in the accompanying photograph. All of the estimates should be collected and a 95% confidence interval estimate should be found from the results. Does the 95% confidence interval estimate capture the true age of the person in the photograph?
Assume that each sample is a simple random sample obtained from a normally distributed population. Use Table 7-2 to find the indicated sample size.Table 7-2You want to estimate σ for the population of weights of the aspirin in Bayer tablets. Find the minimum sample size needed to be 95% confident
Assume that each sample is a simple random sample obtained from a normally distributed population. Use Table 7-2 to find the indicated sample size.Table 7-2You want to estimate σ for the population of pulse rates for the population of marathon runners. Find the minimum sample size needed to be 99%
The P-value for the hypothesis test described in Exercise 5 is 0.0029.Data in Exercise 5A Leichtman Research Group survey of 1150 TV households showed that 49% of them had at least one stand-alone streaming device. We want to use these results with a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that
Use the data set in Appendix B. Assume that each sample is a simple random sample obtained from a population with a normal distribution.Table Data Set 30Refer to Data Set 30 “Queues” in Appendix B. Construct separate 95% confidence interval estimates of σ using the two-line wait times and the
In a Harris poll of 514 human resource professionals, 463 said that the appearance of a job applicant is most important for a good first impression. Use 1000 bootstrap samples to construct a 99% confidence interval estimate of the proportion of all human resource professionals believing that the
Repeat Exercise 23 “Analysis of Last Digits” using 10,000 bootstrap samples instead of 1000. What happens?Repeat Exercise 23Weights of respondents were recorded as part of the California Health Interview Survey. The last digits of weights from 50 randomly selected respondents are listed
In a Harris poll of 514 human resource professionals, 463 said that the appearance of a job applicant is most important for a good first impression. Use 1000 bootstrap samples to construct a 99% confidence interval estimate of the proportion of all human resource professionals believing that the
Find the sample size needed to estimate the mean age of movie patrons, given that we want 98% confidence that the sample mean is within 1.5 years of the population mean. Assume that σ = 19.6 years, based on a previous report from the Motion Picture Association of America. Could the sample be
The manager for a radio station wants to estimate the mean length of all songs published after 1960. How many songs should be in the sample if we want 99% confidence that the sample mean is within 15 seconds of the population mean? Use the range rule of thumb to estimate σ, assuming that the
Listed below are the mean speeds (km/h) of recent winners of the Tour de France bicycle race. Use these speeds with a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that these recent mean winning speeds are not significantly different from the 27.2 km/h mean winning speed from the first few Tour de
Find the sample size needed to estimate the percentage of adults who can wiggle their ears. Use a margin of error of 3 percentage points and use a confidence level of 99%.a. Assume that pn and qn are unknown.b. Assume that 22% of adults can wiggle their ears (based on data from Soul Publishing).
A Gallup poll of 195,600 employees showed that 51% of them were actively searching for new jobs. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the majority of employees are searching for new jobs.
Refer to the sample data given in Cumulative Review Exercise 1 and consider those data to be a random sample of annual lightning deaths from recent years. Use those data with a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the mean number of annual lightning deaths is less than the mean of 72.6
The “psychic staring effect”: Can you sense when someone is staring at you? Pair off students and conduct an experiment to test this effect. For each pair of students, one student is the subject being stared at, and the other is the student who does (or does not) stare and cannot be seen by the
A formal hypothesis test is to be conducted to test the claim that the wait times at the Space Mountain ride in Walt Disney World have a mean equal to 40 minutes.a. What is the null hypothesis, and how is it denoted?b. What is the alternative hypothesis, and how is it denoted?c. What are the
a. In general, what does it mean to “resample” the following data set consisting of wait times (minutes) of customers waiting in line for the Space Mountain ride at Walt Disney World: 50, 25, 75, 35, 50?b. When resampling from the data set given in part (a), is it done with replacement or
The author was told that 1962 pennies are biased in this sense: When they are made to stand on the edge and the table is bumped, heads will occur 80% of the time. Obtaining a sample of 1962 pennies may be challenging, so groups of three or four students may use a sample of any pennies to test that
Labels on cans of Dr. Pepper soda indicate that they contain 12 oz of the drink. We could collect samples of those cans and accurately measure the actual contents, then we could use methods of Section 7-2 for making an estimate of the mean amount of Dr. Pepper in cans, or we could use those
When dealing with one sample of individual data values, what is the fundamental difference between the resampling methods of bootstrapping and randomization?
A bottle contains a label stating that it contains Spring Valley pills with 500 mg of vitamin C, and another bottle contains a label stating that it contains Merck pills with 40 mg of lisinopril that is used to treat high blood pressure. Identify which one of the following errors is most serious,
Here is the breakdown of the most common car colors from PPG Industries: 23% are white, 18% are black, 16% are gray, 15% are silver, and 10% are red. After selecting one of the given colors, groups of three or four students should go to the college parking lot and randomly select cars to test the
Use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.Data in Section 8-2, Exercise 9 Released in 1956, the movie The Conqueror attracted considerable attention because many members of the cast and crew died from cancer supposedly resulting from exposure to radioactive fallout. The movie
In the United States, 40% of us have brown eyes, according to Dr. P. Sorita Soni at Indiana University. Groups of three or four students should randomly select people and identify the color of their eyes. The claim that 40% of us have brown eyes can then be tested.
Most adults know that a light year is a measure of distance. Sample data: A Pew Research Center survey of 3278 adults showed that 72% knew that a light year is a measure of distance.a. Express the original claim in symbolic form.b. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses.
Use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.Data in Section 8-2, Exercise 10The Discovery channel television show MythBusters conducted an experiment to study what happens when buttered toast is dropped on the floor. When 48 buttered slices of toast were dropped, 29 of them landed
Use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.Data in Section 8-2, Exercise 11For clothing, the accompanying symbol has been designated to indicate that the product should be dry-cleaned only. In a survey of 2005 Americans, 11% correctly knew what the symbol designated. Use a 0.01
Assume that a method of gender selection can affect the probability of a baby being a girl so that the probability becomes 1/4. Each student should simulate 20 births by drawing 20 cards from a shuffled deck. Replace each card after it has been drawn, then reshuffle. Consider the hearts to be girls
Use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.Data in Section 8-3, Exercise 22Students of the author estimated the length of one minute without reference to a watch or clock, and the times (seconds) are listed below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that these times are
Determine whether the given statements are true or false. a. In hypothesis testing, it is never valid to form a conclusion of supporting the null hypothesis.b. The conclusion of “fail to reject the null hypothesis” has exactly the same meaning as “accept the null hypothesis.” c.
Use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise.Data in Section 8-3, Exercise 23Listed below are the measured radiation levels (in W>kg) corresponding to these cell phones: iPhone X, iPhone 7, Google Pixel, Samsung Galaxy S8, OnePlus 5, Motorola VE465, LG G3, and HTC Desire 310.
Groups of three or four students should go to the library and collect a sample consisting of the ages of books (based on copyright dates). Plan and describe the sampling plan, execute the sampling procedure, and then use the results to test the claim that the mean age of books in the library is
Each student should write an estimate of the age of the current president of the United States. All estimates should be collected, and the sample mean and standard deviation should be calculated. Then test the hypothesis that the mean of all such estimates is equal to the actual current age of the
A class project should be designed to conduct a test in which each student is given a taste of Coke and a taste of Pepsi. The student is then asked to identify which sample is Coke. After all of the results are collected, test the claim that the success rate is better than the rate that would be
Each student should estimate the length of the classroom. The values should be based on visual estimates, with no actual measurements being taken. After the estimates have been collected, measure the length of the room, then test the claim that the sample mean is equal to the actual length of the
Refer to the information in the given exercise and use a 0.05 significance level for the following.Refer in Exercise 13.The test statistic of z = -0.75 is obtained when testing the claim that p < 1/3.a. Find the critical value(s).b. Should we reject H0 or should we fail to reject H0?
Refer to the information in the given exercise and use a 0.05 significance level for the following.The test statistic of z = 2.00 is obtained when testing the claim that p > 0.25.a. Find the critical value(s).b. Should we reject H0 or should we fail to reject H0?
Refer to the information in the given exercise and use a 0.05 significance level for the following.The test statistic of z = 1.80 is obtained when testing the claim that p ≠ 0.314. a. Find the critical value(s).b. Should we reject H0 or should we fail to reject H0?
What does the symbol ! represent? The five starting players of an NBA basketball team can stand in a line 5! different ways, so what is the actual number of ways that the five players can stand in a line?
A psychologist tells you that in an ESP (extrasensory perception) experiment, there is a 20% chance of answering a question correctly. What is the probability of answering a question correctly?
In the Delaware Multi-Win Lotto game, a bettor selects six different numbers, each between 1 and 35. Winning the top prize requires that the selected numbers match those that are drawn, but the order does not matter. Do calculations for winning this lottery involve permutations or combinations?
Divide into groups of three or four and use coin flipping to develop a simulation that emulates the kingdom that abides by this decree: After a mother gives birth to a son, she will not have any other children. If this decree is followed, does the proportion of girls increase?
In the Delaware Play 3 lottery game, a bettor selects three numbers between 0 and 9 and any selected number can be used more than once. Winning the top prize requires that the selected numbers match those and are drawn in the same order. Do calculations for this lottery involve the combinations
There are 30,488,983 Californians aged 18 or older. If The Gallup organization randomly selects 1068 adults without replacement, are the selections independent or dependent? If the selections are dependent, can they be treated as being independent for the purposes of calculations?
If a day of a year (not a leap year) is randomly selected, what is the probability it is the author’s birthday?
Estimate the probability that the next time that you approach an escalator, you find it to be in operation.
Use of ATM cards and hotel safes typically requires a four-digit (each 0 through 9) code, such as 3312. Digits can be repeated, but they must be entered in the correct order. If someone gains access and enters a code that was randomly selected, what is the probability of getting the correct code on
In a recent year, speaking characters in movies were 68.2% male. What is the probability of randomly selecting a character with a speaking part and getting a female? What should be the value of that probability?
Estimate the probability that the next time you watch a TV news report, it includes a story about a plane crash.
A Social Security number consists of nine digits in a particular order, and repetition of digits is allowed. After seeing the last four digits printed on a receipt, if you randomly select the other digits, what is the probability of getting the correct Social Security number of the person who was
Based on a survey by Consumer Technology Association, smartwatches are used in 18% of U.S. households. Find the probability that a randomly selected U.S. household has no smartwatches.
In a horse race, a quinela bet is won if you selected the two horses that finish first and second, and they can be selected in any order. The 144th running of the Kentucky Derby had a field of 20 horses. What is the probability of winning a quinela bet if you randomly select the horses?
Based on a New Generation of Stains survey, 13% of U.S. adults know that the care-instruction symbol ∆ on clothing means that any bleach can be used. Find the probability of randomly selecting an adult in the U.S. who does not know that.
In the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2019, a tie at the end of two overtime periods leads to a “shootout” with five kicks taken by each team from the penalty mark. Each kick must be taken by a different player. How many ways can 5 players be selected from the 11 eligible players? For the 5 selected
How many different ways can the letters of “statistics” be arranged? If the letters of “statistics” are arranged in a random order, what is the probability that the result will be “statistics”?
Have each student announce the 4th and 5th digits of their Social Security numbers. After all of those numbers have been recorded, analyze them and try to identify any features suggesting that those numbers are not random.
Students of the author estimated the length of one minute without reference to a watch or clock, and the times (seconds) are listed below. Assuming that the times are from a normally distributed population, use a simulation to determine whether these times are from a population with a mean equal to
Radio and Television station call letters must begin with either K (for stations west of the Mississippi River) or W (for stations east of the Mississippi River) and must include either two or three additional letters. How many different possibilities are there?
One way to identify survey subjects who don’t take the survey seriously is to repeat a question with similar wording. If a survey with 10 questions includes three questions that are the same except for minor differences in wording, how many different ways can the 10 questions be arranged?
The author owns a safe in which he stores all of his great ideas for the next edition of this book. The safe “combination” consists of four numbers, with each number from 0 to 99. The safe is designed so that numbers can be repeated. If another author breaks in and tries to steal these ideas,
A classical probability problem involves a king who wanted to increase the proportion of women by decreeing that after a mother gives birth to a son, she is prohibited from having any more children. The king reasons that some families will have just one boy, whereas other families will have a few
The Cytertonics Communications Company reduced its management staff from 15 managers to 10. The company claimed that five managers were randomly selected for job termination. However, the five managers chosen are the five oldest managers among the 15 that were employed. Find the probability that
The counting sequence of “one Mississippi, two Mississippi, three Mississippi, . . .” is often used because saying a number with “Mississippi” takes about one second. A classic counting problem is to determine the number of different ways that the letters of “Mississippi” can be
In a Circle survey of 3000 adults, it was found that 17% of the respondents do not carry any cash. Based on these results, what is the probability that a randomly selected adult carries no cash? Does it appear that most adults carry some cash?
Each of us must sometimes wake up early for something really important, such as a final exam, job interview, or an early flight. Assume that a battery-powered alarm clock has a 0.005 probability of failure, a smartphone alarm clock has a 0.052 probability of failure, and an electric alarm clock has
Find the probability that of 25 randomly selected people, at least 2 share the same birthday.
Use the given probability value to determine whether the sample results are significant.The County Clerk in Essex, New Jersey, was supposed to use randomness to assign the order in which candidates’ names appeared on voting ballots. Among 41 different ballots, Democratic candidate names were
Repeat the preceding exercise for a lottery with 6 numbers selected from 1 to 50.a. What is the probability of winning with one ticket?b. What should be the winning prize if you want to average a profit of 50%, which is common for lotteries?c. Would this lottery have much appeal?
For the New York Pick 10 lottery, the player first selects 10 numbers from 1 to 80. Then there is an official drawing of 20 numbers from 1 to 80. The prize of $500,000 is won if the 10 numbers selected by the player are all included in the 20 numbers that are drawn. Find the probability of winning
In an AOL survey of Internet users, this question was posted online: “Have you ever been hit by a computer virus?” Among the 170,063 responses, 63% answered “yes.” What term is used to describe this type of survey in which the people surveyed consist of those who chose to respond? What is
For each student in the class, collect the number of children in his or her immediate family, including the student. Combine the results and find the average (mean). Compare the result to the value of 1.9 reported in the World Factbook by the Central Intelligence Agency. Use a class discussion to
In a Citrix Security survey of 1001 adults in the United States, it was found that 69% of those surveyed believe that having their personal information stolen is inevitable. Identify the population and sample. Is the value of 69% a statistic or a parameter?
Working in groups of three or four, design an experiment to determine whether pulse rates of college students are the same while the students are standing and sitting. Conduct the experiment and collect the data. Save the data so that they can be analyzed with methods presented in the following
Which of the following describe discrete data?a. The exact heights of all NBA basketball players.b. The numbers of people surveyed in each of the Gallup polls preceding the next Presidential election.c. The exact times that randomly selected students spend on smart phones during the preceding
In “High-Flow Oxygen for Treatment of Cluster Headache” the authors explain that 150 patients were treated with oxygen, and 148 patients were given a placebo. The authors summarize the sample design as “randomized and double-blind.” Describe the meaning of “randomized” and
One study showed that for a recent period of 10 years, there was a strong correlation (or association) between the per capita consumption of margarine and the divorce rate in Maine (based on data from National Vital Statistics reports and the U.S. Department of Agriculture). Does this imply that
Identify problems with a mailing from Consumer Reports magazine that included an annual questionnaire about cars and other consumer products. Also included were a request for a voluntary contribution of money and a voting ballot for the board of directors. Responses were to be mailed back in
In a survey of 36,000 adults, 3.7% said that they regularly use E-cigarettes (based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics).a. Identify the sample and population.b. Is the value of 3.7% a statistic or parameter?c. What is the level of measurement of the value of 3.7%? (nominal,
The patients were recruited among those at a Veterans Affairs hospital. What type of sampling best describes the way in which the subjects were chosen: simple random sample, systematic sample, convenience sample, stratified sample, cluster sample? Does the method of sampling appear to adversely
Find a report of a survey that used a voluntary response sample. Describe how it is quite possible that the results do not accurately reflect the population.
Identify whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.A survey of a sample of consumers in the United States showed that among those who have found a wallet or purse, 89% either turned it in or located the owner (based on a Toluna Quicksurveys poll).
Find a professional journal with an article that includes a statistical analysis of an experiment. Describe and comment on the design of the experiment. Identify one particular issue addressed by the study, and determine whether the results were found to be statistically significant. Determine
For 100 randomly selected births from Bellevue Hospital Center, the birth weights are added and then divided by 100. The result is 3240 g. Is the value of 3240 g a statistic or a parameter?
Identify whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.The sinking of the Titanic on April 15, 1912, is one of the most infamous disasters in history. A population of 1503 passengers and crew died when the Titanic sank approximately 400 miles south of Newfoundland, Canada.
Currently, California has the largest population with 39,776,830 residents, and Wyoming has the smallest population with 573,520 residents.a. Are the population sizes of the different states discrete or continuous?b. What is the level of measurement for the numbers of residents in the different
The Genetics and IVF Institute developed a procedure designed to increase the likelihood that a baby would be a boy. In a clinical trial of their procedure, 239 boys were born among 291 births. If the method has no effect, there is less than a 1% chance that such extreme results would occur. Does
Identify whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.In a Pew Research Center poll, a sample of adults in the United States was obtained, and it was found that 72% of them own smart phones.
Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster.The sexuality of women was discussed in Shere Hite’s book Women and Love: A Cultural Revolution. Her conclusions were based on sample data that consisted of 4500 mailed responses from
Given that the data are matched and considering the units of the data, does it make sense to use the difference between each pair of values? Why or why not? Lemon Imports Crash Fatality Rate 230 15.9 265 15.7 358 15.4 480 15.3 530 14.9
Determine whether the sampling method appears to be sound or is flawed.In a Password Boss survey of 2030 randomly selected adults, 39% said that they never share passwords with anyone.
Determine whether the sampling method appears to be sound or is flawed.In a survey of social media usage, the Pew Research Center randomly selected 2002 adults in the United States.
Given the context of the data in the table, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of the measurements? Lemon Imports Crash Fatality Rate 230 15.9 265 15.7 358 15.4 480 15.3 530 14.9
Identify whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice, there are 2,227,318 prisoners in the United States.
If we were to use the sample data and conclude that there is a correlation or association between lemon imports and crash fatality rates, does it follow that lemon imports are the cause of fatal crashes? Lemon Imports Crash Fatality Rate 230 15.9 265 15.7 358 15.4 480 15.3 530 14.9
Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster.A Harris Interactive study involved 1013 adults who were interviewed about washing their hands in restrooms and another 6336 adults who were observed in public restrooms.
Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster.The author collected data by randomly selecting 35 pages from the previous edition of this book and then counting the number of words on each of those pages.
Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster.Researchers randomly selected 50 convicted felons from each category of burglary, auto theft, and assault.
Determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance.In one presidential election, voting records showed that 61% of eligible voters actually did vote. In a survey of 1002 people, 70% said that they voted
Indicate whether the observational study used is cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective.Phase II of the Nurses’ Health Study was started in 1989 with 116,000 female registered nurses. The study is ongoing.
Indicate whether the observational study used is cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective.Samples of subjects with and without heart disease were selected, and then researchers looked back in time to determine whether they took aspirin on a regular basis.
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