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elementary statistics

Elementary Statistics 14th Edition Mario F. Triola - Solutions

Divide into groups of three or four students. Each group should be given a die along with the instruction that it should be tested for “fairness.” Is the die fair or is it biased? Describe the analysis and results.
The accompanying normal quantile plot was obtained from the longevity times of presidents. What does this graph tell us? z score 2 1.5- 1 0.5 -0.5 -1.5 0 10 20 30 President Longevity (years)
Listed below are LDL cholesterol measurements (mg/dL) from subjects in four different age brackets. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that subjects in those different age brackets have the same mean cholesterol level. Age 20-29 144 104 30-39 150 137 40-49 60 68 50-59
Data Set 15 “Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes measured serum cotinine levels (mg/mL) from the three groups of subjects: 902 smokers, 433 nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke, and 358 nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. When nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is
The sitting height of a person is the vertical distance between the sitting surface and the top of the head. The following table lists sitting heights (mm) of randomly selected U.S. Army personnel collected as part of the ANSUR II study. Using the data with a 0.05 significance level, what do you
The following table lists weights (kg) of randomly selected U.S. Army personnel obtained from the ANSUR I study conducted in 1988 and the ANSUR II study conducted in 2012. If we use the data with two-way analysis of variance and a 0.05 significance level, we get the accompanying display. What do
Numbers of characters per word were found from the same three books used in the preceding exercise. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the three books have the same mean number of characters per word. Does it appear that any of the authors use words with more characters?
Flesch Reading Ease scores and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scores measure readability of text. Some programs, such as Microsoft Word, include features that allow you to automatically obtain readability scores. Divide into groups of three or four students. Using at least three different writing
The following table lists distances (mm) between pupils of randomly selected U.S. Army personnel collected as part of the ANSUR II study. Results from two-way analysis of variance are also shown. Use the displayed results and use a 0.05 significance level. What do you conclude? Are the results as
The table below lists body temperatures obtained from randomly selected subjects (based on Data Set 5 “Body Temperatures” in Appendix B). Using a 0.05 significance level, test for an interaction between gender and smoking, test for an effect from gender, and test for an effect from smoking.
Refer to Data Set 33 “Disney World Wait Times” in Appendix B and use the 10 AM wait times for Space Mountain, Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster, Tower of Terror, and Flight of Passage. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the four rides have the same mean wait time at 10 AM. Data Set
Divide the class into three groups. One group should record the pulse rate of each member while he or she remains seated. The second group should record the pulse rate of each member while he or she is standing. The third group should record the pulse rate of each member immediately after he or she
Listed below are numbers of hospital admissions in one region due to traffic accidents on different Fridays falling on the 6th day of a month and the following 13th day of the month (based on data from “Is Friday the 13th Bad for Your Health,” by Scanlon et al., British Medical Journal, Vol.
Biographyonline.net includes information on the lives of notable artists, politicians, scientists, actors, and others. Design and conduct an observational study that begins with choosing samples from select groups, followed by a comparison of life spans of people from the different groups. Do any
Listed below are numbers of hospital admissions in one region due to traffic accidents on different Fridays falling on the 6th day of a month and the following 13th day of the month (based on data from “Is Friday the 13th Bad for Your Health,” by Scanlon et al., British Medical Journal, Vol.
Use the sign test for the data consisting of matched pairs.Listed below are measured and reported weights (lb) of random female subjects (from Data Set 4 “Measured and Reported” in Appendix B). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that for females, there is no difference between
The table below describes the behavior of an object dropped near the surface of the Earth. The time is in seconds, and the distance traveled is in meters. Find the rank correlation coefficient, then form a conclusion based on its value. Time 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Distance 0.049 0.196 0.441 0.784
Listed below are word counts of males and females in couple relationships (from Data Set 14 “Word Counts” in Appendix B). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that there is no significant difference between the numbers of words spoken by males and females in couple
Repeat Exercise 6 using all of the paired word counts of males and females in couple relationships listed in the first two columns from Data Set 14 “Word Counts” in Appendix B. Data in Exercise 6Listed below are word counts of males and females in couple relationships (from Data Set 14
Numbers of characters per word were found from the same three books used in the preceding exercise. These data are shown below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the three books have the same median number of characters per word. Does it appear that any of the authors use longer
Half of the students should make up results for 200 coin flips and the other half should collect results from 200 actual tosses of a coin. Then use the runs test to determine whether the results appear to be random.
In a study of the length of time for a taxi ride in New York City, the following sample of times (minutes) was obtained (from Data Set 32 “Taxis” in Appendix B). Use the sign test to test the claim that the sample is from a population with a median equal to 15 minutes. Data Set 32:
Do Activity 3 using pulse rate instead of arm span. Measure pulse rates by counting the number of heartbeats in 1 min.Data from activity 3Divide into groups of 8 to 12 people. For each group member, measure his or her height and measure his or her arm span. For the arm span, the subject should
The last 114 baseball World Series ended with 66 wins by American League teams and 48 wins by National League teams. Use the sign test to test the claim that in each World Series, the American League team has a 0.5 probability of winning.
Refer to Data Set 32 “Taxis” in Appendix B and use the distances (miles) and the times (minutes) of all of the rides. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that there is a correlation between the distance of the ride and the time of the ride? Data Set 32: Taxis DISTANCE
Data Set 15 “Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B lists measured cotinine levels from a sample of subjects who smoke, another sample of subjects who do not smoke but are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, and a third sample of subjects who do not smoke and are not exposed to
What is the difference between the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test?
What parametric test can also be conducted instead of the Kruskal-Wallis test? What is an advantage of using the Kruskal-Wallis test instead of the parametric test?
What are process data?
Run Charts and Control Chartsa. What is a run chart and what is its purpose? b. What is an R chart and what is its purpose? c. What is an X̅ chart and what is its purpose?
What is the difference between random variation and assignable variation?
In a control chart, what are upper and lower control limits, and what is their purpose?
What does it mean to have a statistically stable process?
A manager of a McDonald’s franchise has developed a service criterion whereby a dinner order is considered to be defective if it takes longer than 180 seconds. Listed below are numbers of such defects among groups of 50 different customers on each of several consecutive days (based on Data Set 36
This chapter included annual global mean temperatures and annual carbon dioxide amounts. Identify another factor that should be considered in an investigation of global warming. Find annual data and use the methods of this chapter to conduct an analysis.
Win $1,000,000! The James Randi Educational Foundation offered a $1,000,000 prize to anyone who can show “under proper observing conditions, evidence of any paranormal, supernatural, or occult power or event.” (That prize was discontinued in 2015.) Divide into groups of three. Select one person
In a survey sponsored by Coca-Cola, subjects were asked what contributes most to their happiness, and the table summarizes their responses. Does the table represent a probability distribution? Explain X Family/partner Friends Other P(x) 0.77 0.15 0.08
What does the probability of P(A) = 0+ indicate? Does it indicate that it is impossible for event A to occur?
See the preceding activity and design an experiment that would be effective in testing someone’s claim that he or she has the ability to identify the color of a card selected from a standard deck of playing cards. Describe the experiment with great detail. Because the prize of $1,000,000 is at
Is a probability distribution defined if the only possible values of a random variable are 0, 1, 2, and P(0) = P(1) = P(2) = 0.5?
Suppose we want to identify the probability distribution for the number of children in families with at least one child. For each student in the class, find the number of brothers and sisters and record the total number of children (including the student) in each family. Construct the relative
Is a probability distribution defined if P(x) = 0.2, where the only possible values of x are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5?
In a Jobvite survey, 2287 adult workers were randomly selected and asked about salary negotiations. a. 29% of the respondents reported that they negotiated salary at their latest job. What is the number of respondents who reported that they negotiated salary?b. Among those who negotiated
In the past, leading (leftmost) digits of the amounts on checks have been analyzed for fraud. For checks not involving fraud, the leading digit of 1 is expected about 30.1% of the time. Obtain a random sample of actual check amounts and record the leading digits. Compare the actual number of checks
In a recent year (365 days), NYU-Langone Medical Center had 5942 births.a. Find the mean number of births per day.b. Find the probability that in a single day, there are 16 births.c. Find the probability that in a single day, there are no births. Would 0 births in a single day be a significantly
In a recent year (365 days), there were 650 murders in Chicago. Find the mean number of murders per day, then use that result to find the probability that in a single day, there are no murders. Would 0 murders in a single day be a significantly low number of murders?
Find the probability that exactly 6 of the selected consumers believe that cash will be obsolete in the next 20 years.
Find the probability that fewer than 3 of the selected consumers believe that cash will be obsolete in the next 20 years.
There is a 1>302,575,350 probability of winning the Mega Millions lottery jackpot with a single ticket. Assume that you purchase a single ticket in each of the next 5200 different Mega Millions games that are run over the next 50 years (with drawings twice each week). Find the probability of
Find the probability that no more than 3 of the selected consumers believe that cash will be obsolete in the next 20 years.
Find the probability that none of the selected consumers believes that cash will be obsolete in the next 20 years.
Find the probability that at least one of the selected consumers believes that cash will be obsolete in the next 20 years.
Assume that when human resource managers are randomly selected, 65% of them say that after submitting a résumé, job applicants should follow up within two weeks. If 10 human resource managers are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 6 of them say job applicants should follow
Assume that when human resource managers are randomly selected, 65% of them say that after submitting a résumé, job applicants should follow up within two weeks.If 16 human resource managers are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 12 of them say job applicants should follow up
Assume that when human resource managers are randomly selected, 65% of them say that after submitting a résumé, job applicants should follow up within two weeks.If 20 human resource managers are randomly selected, find the probability that at least 18 of them say job applicants should follow up
Medical researchers once conducted experiments to determine whether Lisinopril is a drug that is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure of patients. Patients in a treatment group had their systolic blood pressure measured after being treated with Lisinopril. Under what conditions can the
Each student states the last four digits of their Social Security number. For privacy concerns, those four digits can be given in any order. Construct a dotplot of the digits. What is the distribution of those digits? What value is the approximate center of the distribution? Then, each student
Weights of M&M plain candies are normally distributed. Twelve M&M plain candies are randomly selected and weighed, and then the mean of this sample is calculated. Is it correct to conclude that the resulting sample mean cannot be considered to be a value from a normally distributed
What’s wrong with the following statement? “Because the digits 0, 1, 2, . . . , 9 are the normal results from lottery drawings, such randomly selected numbers have a normal distribution.
Use the Internet to find “Pick 4” lottery results for 50 different drawings. Find the 50 different means. Graph a histogram of the original 200 digits that were selected, and graph a histogram of the 50 sample means. What important principle do you observe?
The Pew Research Center conducts many different surveys in the United States each year.a. Do you think that for each individual survey, the respondents are randomly selected with replacement or without replacement?b. Give two reasons why statistical methods tend to be based on the assumption that
Identify the values of the mean and standard deviation for a normal distribution that is a standard normal distribution.
The Mega Millions lottery game requires that a number between 1 and 25 is randomly selected. What is the shape of the distribution of those selected numbers? Is it correct to say that because these selected numbers are the result of the normal selection procedure used for every drawing, the
What does the notation zα indicate?
Divide into groups of three or four students. In each group, develop an original procedure to illustrate the central limit theorem. The main objective is to show that when you randomly select samples from a population, the means of those samples tend to be normally distributed, regardless of the
Divide into groups of three or four students. Using a coin to simulate births, each individual group member should simulate 25 births and record the number of simulated girls. Combine all results from the group and record n = total number of births and x = number of girls. Given batches of n
An economist is investigating the incomes of college students. Because she lives in Maine, she obtains sample data from that state. Is the resulting mean income of college students a good estimator of the mean income of college students in the United States? Why or why not?
There are about 4200 college presidents in the United States, and they have annual incomes with a distribution that is skewed instead of being normal. Many different samples of 40 college presidents are randomly selected, and the mean annual income is computed for each sample.a. What is the
Divide into groups of three or four students and have each group collect an original data set of values at the interval or ratio level of measurement. Test for normality and provide reasons why the data set does or does not appear to be from a normally distributed population.
Divide into groups of three or four students. In each group, develop an original procedure to illustrate that the median is a biased estimator.
Collect sample data, and use the methods of this chapter to construct confidence interval estimates of population parameters. Here are some suggestions for parameters:• Proportion of students at your college who can touch their nose with their tongue• Proportion of students at your college who
USA Today provided results from a survey of 1144 Americans who were asked if they approve of Brett Kavanaugh as the choice for Supreme Court justice. 51% of the respondents said that they did approve, and the margin of error was given as plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. What important element
The president of Brown University wants to estimate the mean time (years) it takes students to earn a bachelor’s degree. How many students must be surveyed in order to be 95% confident that the estimate is within 0.2 year of the true population mean? Assume that the population standard deviation
a. What are the requirements for constructing a confidence interval estimate of s or σ2 ?b. How do the requirements from part (a) differ from the requirements for constructing a confidence interval estimate of μ?c. In the California Daily 4 lottery, 4 numbers from 0 to 9 are randomly
Without using any measuring device, each student should draw a line believed to be 3 in. long and another line believed to be 3 cm long. Then use rulers to measure and record the lengths of the lines drawn. Find the means and standard deviations of the two sets of lengths. Use the sample data to
Assume that a method of gender selection can affect the probability of a baby being a girl, so that the probability becomes 1/4. Each student should simulate 20 births by drawing 20 cards from a shuffled deck. (Which design better simulates reality: sampling the cards with replacement, or sampling
Use the following wait times (minutes) for the Space Mountain ride at Disney World (from Data Set 33 “Disney World Wait Times” in Appendix B). Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean of all wait times. Write a brief statement that interprets that confidence interval. 40
A sample consists of 20 weights of McDonald’s French fries. Find the critical values x2L and x2R used to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of σ.
Groups of three or four students should go to the library and collect a sample consisting of the ages of books (based on copyright dates). Plan and describe the sampling procedure, execute the sampling procedure, then use the results to construct a confidence interval estimate of the meanage of all
Identify the distribution (normal, Student t, chi-square) that should be used in each of the following situations. If none of the three distributions can be used, what other method could be used?a. In constructing a confidence interval of μ, you have 75 sample values and they appear to be from a
Each student should write an estimate of the age of the current president of the United States. All estimates should be collected, and the sample mean and standard deviation should be calculated. Then use the sample results to construct a confidence interval. Do the confidence interval limits
Find the critical value zα/2 that corresponds to the given confidence level.90%
A class project should be designed to conduct a test in which each student is given a taste of Coke and a taste of Pepsi. The student is then asked to identify which sample is Coke. After all of the results are collected, analyze the claim that the success rate is better than the rate that would be
Use the data from the preceding exercise to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of σ.
Each student should estimate the length of the classroom. The values should be based on visual estimates, with no actual measurements being taken. After the estimates have been collected, construct a confidence interval, then measure the length of the room. Does the confidence interval contain the
Find the critical value zα/2 that corresponds to the given confidence level.99.5%
Repeat Exercise 7 using 1000 bootstrap samples. Repeat Exercise 7.Use the data from the preceding exercise to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of σ.
Divide into groups of three or four. Examine a sample of different issues of a current magazine and find the proportion of pages that include advertising. Based on the results, construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the percentage of all such pages that have advertising. Compare results
Listed below are arm circumferences (cm) of randomly selected women (based on Data Set 1 “Body Data” from Appendix B). Also shown is the normal quantile plot of those measurements.a. Are the requirements for constructing a 95% confidence interval estimate of the population mean μ satisfied?
Each student should find an article in a professional journal that includes a confidence interval of the type discussed in this chapter. Write a brief report describing the confidence interval and its role in the context of the article.
Working in groups of three or four students, each group should make observations and collect data to estimate the proportion of cars that fail to come to a complete stop at a particular stop sign. Use the sample data to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of that proportion.
Listed below is a simple random sample of times (seconds) that animated children’s movies showed the use of alcohol (based on Data Set 20 “Alcohol and Tobacco in Movies” in Appendix B).a. Are the requirements for constructing a 95% confidence interval estimate of the population mean μ
Listed below are 15 Los Angeles commute times (based on a sample from Data Set 31 “Commute Times” in Appendix B).Data Set 31a. Use 1000 bootstrap samples to construct a 99% confidence interval estimate of the population mean.b. Given that Exercise 15 in Section 7-2 used the same data for a 99%
Divide into groups of two. First find the sample size required to estimate the proportion of times that a coin turns up heads when tossed, assuming that you want 80% confidence that the sample proportion is within 0.08 of the true population proportion. Then toss a coin the required number of times
Listed below are 32 Los Angeles commute times (based on a sample from Data Set 31 “Commute Times” in Appendix B). a. Use 1000 bootstrap samples to construct a 99% confidence interval estimate of the population mean. b. How does the result compare to the confidence interval found in
Use these measures of brain volumes (cm3) from Data Set 12 “IQ and Brain Size” in Appendix B. Use the bootstrap method with 1000 bootstrap samples. a. Use 1000 bootstrap samples to construct a 90% confidence interval estimate of the population mean. b. Use 1000 bootstrap samples to
Identify a topic of general interest and coordinate with all members of the class to conduct a survey. Instead of conducting a “scientific” survey using sound principles of random selection, use a convenience sample consisting of respondents who are readily available, such as friends,
Listed below are weights (grams) from a simple random sample of pennies produced after 1983 (from Data Set 40 “Coin Weights” in Appendix B). a. Use 1000 bootstrap samples to construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of σ. b. How does the result compare to the confidence interval
Assume that each sample is a simple random sample obtained from a normally distributed population. Use Table 7-2 to find the indicated sample size.Data in Table 7-2You want to estimate σ for the population of IQ scores of data scientists. Find the minimum sample size needed to be 99%
Assume that each sample is a simple random sample obtained from a normally distributed population. Use Table 7-2 to find the indicated sample size.Data in Table 7-2You want to estimate σ for the population of diastolic blood pressures of air traffic controllers in the United States. Find the

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