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logic functions and equations

A Concise Introduction To Logic 11th Edition Patrick J. Hurley - Solutions

★10. If affirmative action programs are dropped, then if new programs are not created, then minority applicants will suff er. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
9. Ozone depletion in the atmosphere is a sufficient condition for increased cancer rates. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
8. If cocaine is legalized, then its use may increase but criminal activity will decline. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★7. A necessary condition for a successful business venture is good planning. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
6. If health maintenance organizations cut costs, then either preventive medicine is emphasized or the quality of care deteriorates. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
5. Psychologists and psychiatrists do not both prescribe antidepressant drugs. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★4. Cigarette manufacturers are neither honest nor socially responsible. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
3. African safaris are amazing, but they are also expensive. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
2. If pharmaceutical makers conceal test results, they are subject to substantial fi nes. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★1. Unless we reduce the incidence of child abuse, future crime rates will increase. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
50. Nassau’s advertising sizzling night clubs is a necessary condition for Puerto Vallarta’s off ering luxury hotels; moreover, Cancun’s having turquoise waters and Acapulco’s promising powder-white beaches is a suffi cient condition for Jamaica’s off ering reggae music. Translate the
★49. If Christina Aguilera’s singing soul and Justin Timberlake’s singing pop are suffi cient and necessary conditions for Kelly Clarkson’s singing rock, then neither Beyoncé nor Shakira will sing rap. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent
48. The Dixie Chicks’ opening the show implies that the Chili Peppers close it, given that the Black Eyed Peas’ showing up implies that neither Gnarls Barkley nor Rascal Flatts will perform. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative
47. Cameron Diaz promotes environmental causes if Ben Affl eck supports civil liberties, provided that Sean Penn opposes the death penalty. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★46. It is not the case that both Atari’s releasing a stalker game implies that Nintendo does and Sega’s releasing a molester game implies that Commodore does. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
45. Katie Couric and Diane Sawyer report international news if and only if Robin Meade and Nora O’Donnell cover political developments. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
44. Th e Taliban’s being defeated is a suffi cient condition for Pakistan’s winning the war on terror only if Afghanistan’s securing its borders is a necessary condition for the UN’s stopping the opium trade. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to
★43. Israel’s abandoning its settlements is a suffi cient and necessary condition for the Palestinians’ declaring an end to hostilities. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
42. Israel’s abandoning its settlements is a necessary condition for the Palestinian’s declaring an end to hostilities. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
41. Israel’s abandoning its settlements is a suffi cient condition for the Palestinians’declaring an end to hostilities. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★40. It is not the case that both Kobe Bryant or Shaquille O’Neal plays professional tennis and Chris Johnson or Philip Rivers plays professional basketball. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
39. It is not the case that either Tiger Woods and Maria Sharapova play professional football or Apolo Ohno and Lindsey Vonn play professional baseball. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
38. If Maria Cantwell promotes alternative energy, then if Patty Murray supports wilderness areas, then Olympia Snowe’s advocating gun control implies that Susan Collins does so, too. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English
★37. If Spike Lee writes a screen play, then if Denzel Washington stars in the movie, then Paramount and MGM will compete to produce it. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
36. It is not the case that either Hezbollah will renounce violence or Al Qaeda and the Taliban will be defeated. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
35. It is not the case that both Iran gives up its nuclear program and Syria or Pakistan combats terrorism. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★34. Barack Obama emphasizes peaceful negotiation; but if North Korea starts a war, then either China or Japan will be involved. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
33. Either Sonia Sotomayor or Antonin Scalia have a modern approach to the Constitution, but it is not the case that both do. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
32. Brad Pitt will travel abroad provided that Angelina Jolie does, but Shiloh and Maddox will stay home. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★31. Tiff any and Ben Bridge will release an emerald collection unless Zales and Kay do not. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
30. Saturn has rings and Neptune is windy, or Jupiter is massive. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
29. Saturn has rings, and Neptune is windy or Jupiter is massive. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★28. Mercury is a planet given that both Pluto and Ceres are not. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
27. If Kate Winslet and Jessica Biel do a comedy, then either Forest Whitaker will make a documentary or Paris Hilton will do a skin fl ick. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
26. If either Renée Zellweger or Michelle Pfeiff er accepts a dramatic role, then neither Charlie Sheen nor Ethan Hawke will make an action fi lm. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★25. Either Rado does not make a sapphire watch or if Movado makes one then so does Pulsar. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
24. If Saks promotes gift cards, then either Macy’s or Bloomingdale’s puts on a fashion show. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
23. Tommy Hilfiger celebrates casual if and only if neither Ralph Lauren nor Calvin Klein off ers street chic. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★22. If Glenn Beck’s spinning the news implies that Keith Olberman fi ghts back, then Rachel Maddow tells it straight. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
21. If Glenn Beck spins the news, then if Keith Olberman fi ghts back, then Rachel Maddow tells it straight. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
20. Either Ferrari or Maserati does not make economy cars. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★19. Neither Ferrari nor Maserati makes economy cars. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
18. Not either Ferrari or Maserati makes economy cars. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
17. Either Nokia or Seiko makes cell phones. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★16. Both Jaguar and Porsche do not make motorcycles. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
15. Not both Jaguar and Porsche make motorcycles. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
14. Either Mariah Carey sings pop and Elton John sings rock or Diana Krall sings jazz. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★13. Mariah Carey sings pop and either Elton John sings rock or Diana Krall sings jazz. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
12. Mercedes will introduce a hybrid model only if Lexus and BMW do. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
11. Bill Gates does not support malaria research unless Warren Buff et does. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★10. The Colts’ winning most of their games implies that Peyton Manning is a great quarterback. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
9. Armani will launch a leather collection given that Gucci rejects skinny models. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
8. Reese Witherspoon wins best actress only if Martin Scorsese wins best director. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★7. Maureen Dowd writes incisive editorials if and only if Paul Krugman does. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
6. Chanel has a rosewood fragrance if Lanvin does. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
5. If Chanel has a rosewood fragrance, then so does Lanvin. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★4. Both Harvard and Baylor have medical schools. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
3. Either Stanford or Tulane has an architecture school. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
2. Arizona has a national park but Nebraska does not. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★1. Cartier does not make cheap watches. Translate the following statements into symbolic form using capital letters to represent affi rmative English statements.
★10. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. I trust
9. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. All writers
8. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. No
★7. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. The only
6. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. All my sons
5. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. All unripe
★4. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. All
3. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. No terriers
2. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. No
★1. Th e following sorites are taken from Lewis Carroll’s Symbolic Logic. All are valid.Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the number of terms whenever necessary. Th en use Venn diagrams or the rules method to prove each one valid. No ducks
★10. Anything that promotes skin cancer causes death.Whatever preserves the ozone layer prevents the release of CFCs.Nothing that resists skin cancer increases UV radiation.Anything that destroys the ozone layer increases UV radiation.Th ere are packaging materials that release CFCs.Nothing that
9. A few countries allow ivory trading.Whatever country resists elephant killing discourages poachers.Any country that allows ivory trading encourages poachers.No country that promotes the extinction of elephants should escape the condemnation of the civilized world.Any country that supports
8. Whatever retards population growth increases food availability.Anything that prevents starvation enhances life.Birth control measures never accelerate population growth.Anything that enhances life should be encouraged.Whatever increases food availability prevents starvation.Birth control
★7. Whoever gives birth to crack babies increases future crime rates.Some pregnant women use crack.None but criminals increase future crime rates.Pregnant crack users never give birth to anything but crack babies.Some pregnant women are criminals. Th e following sorites are valid. Rewrite each
6. Creation science does not favor the teaching of evolution.Nothing should be taught that frustrates the understanding of life.Whatever opposes the teaching of evolution impedes the learning of biology.Anything that enhances the understanding of life fosters the learning of biology.Creation
5. Some college students purchase their term papers.Any cheat is expelled from college.No one will achieve his career goals who is expelled.No one who purchases term papers is other than a cheat.Some college students will not achieve their career goals. Th e following sorites are valid. Rewrite
★4. Nothing that is brittle is ductile.Superconductors are all ceramics.Only ductile things can be pulled into wires.Ceramics are brittle.Superconductors cannot be pulled into wires. Th e following sorites are valid. Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and
3. Anything that poisons drinking water causes disease and death.Chemicals percolating through the soil contaminate aquifers.Dumped chemicals percolate through the soil.Whatever contaminates aquifers poisons drinking water.Dumped chemicals cause disease and death. Th e following sorites are valid.
2. No restrictive trade policies fail to invite retaliation.Trade wars threaten our standard of living.Some Japanese trade policies are restrictive.Policies that invite retaliation lead to a trade war.Some Japanese trade policies threaten our standard of living. Th e following sorites are valid.
★1. Whatever produces oxygen supports human life.Rain forests produce oxygen.Nothing that supports human life should be destroyed.Rain forests should not be destroyed. Th e following sorites are valid. Rewrite each sorites in standard form, using letters to represent the terms and reducing the
11. Rewrite the following sorites in standard form, reducing the number of terms when necessary. Th en supply the intermediate conclusions and test with Venn diagrams. *1. No B are C. Some D are C. All A are B. Some D are not A. 2. No Care D. All A are B. Some C are not B. Some D are not A. 3. No S
★10. Th e U.S. surgeon general’s latest report on cigarettes and cancer is an interesting example of natural selection in the late twentieth century. Th e intelligent members of our species will quit smoking, and survive. The dummies will continue to puff away. Th e following enthymemes were
9. Encouraging toy-gun play gives children a clear message that the best way to deal with frustration and confl ict is with a gun. Is this the message that we want to be sending our kids? Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to the editor of magazines and newspapers.
8. Our genes and our environment control our destinies. Th e idea of conscious choice is ridiculous. Yes, prisons should be designed to protect society, but they should not punish the poor slobs who were headed for jail from birth. Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to
★7. College students of today are the higher-income taxpayers of tomorrow.Congress should consider financial aid as an investment in the financial future of our country. Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to the editor of magazines and newspapers. Convert them into
6. Th e Constitution bans any law that is so vague that “men of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning.” Sexual harassment laws, however, are so vague that no one knows what they mean. Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to the editor of magazines
5. Th e budget defi cit will not be brought under control because to do so would require our elected leaders in Washington to do the unthinkable—act courageously and responsibly. Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to the editor of magazines and newspapers. Convert them
★4. The best way to get people to read a book is to ban it. The fundamentalist families in Church Hill, Tennessee, have just guaranteed sales of Macbeth, Th e Diary of Anne Frank, Th e Wizard of Oz and other stories. Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to the editor of
3. Suicide is not immoral. If a person decides that life is impossible, it is his or her right to end it. Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to the editor of magazines and newspapers. Convert them into valid standard-form syllogisms. In some cases two syllogisms may be
2. All aid to Israel should be stopped at once. Why should the American taxpayer be asked to send billions of dollars to Israel when every city in the United States is practically broke and millions of people are out of work? Th e following enthymemes were originally submitted as letters to the
★1. If the Defense Department is so intent on fi ghting alcohol abuse, why does it make alcohol so readily available and acceptable? Alcohol is tax free at post liquor stores, and enlisted men’s and offi cers’ clubs make drinking almost a mandatory facet of military life. Th e following
15. Th e only telescopes that are unaff ected by the atmosphere are orbiting telescopes, and the Hubble telescope is in orbit. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to convert
14. A contract to buy land is not enforceable unless it’s in writing, but our client’s contract to buy land is in writing. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to convert
★13. Mechanistic materialists do not believe in free will, because they think that everything is governed by deterministic laws. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to
12. If a symphony orchestra has effective fund-raisers, it will survive; and the Cleveland symphony has survived for years. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to convert
11. Wherever water exists, human life can be sustained, and water exists on the moon. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to convert the enthymeme into a valid argument. Th
★10. Antiwar protests have been feeble in recent years because there is no military draft . In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to convert the enthymeme into a valid
9. None but great novels are timeless, and The Brothers Karamazov is a great novel. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to convert the enthymeme into a valid argument. Th e
8. Higher life forms could not have evolved through merely random processes, because no organized beings could have evolved that way. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to
★7. Not all phone calls are welcome, but those from friends are. In the following enthymemes determine whether the missing statement is a premise or a conclusion. Then supply the missing statement, attempting whenever possible to convert the enthymeme into a valid argument. Th e missing statement

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