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logic functions and equations
A Concise Introduction To Logic 11th Edition Patrick J. Hurley - Solutions
5. No people who do not advocate free-enterprise economics are fundamentalist Christians.Th erefore, it is false that some fundamentalist Christians are not people who advocate free-enterprise economics. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and
★4. All exogenous morphines are addictive substances.Therefore, it is false that all addictive substances are endogenous morphines. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following immediate inferences are valid. Show
3. It is false that some Ficus benjaminas are untemperamental house plants.Th erefore, all Ficus benjaminas are temperamental house plants. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following immediate inferences are valid.
2. No gemstones that do not contain chromium are emeralds.Th erefore, some stones that are not emeralds are not gemstones that contain chromium. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following immediate inferences are
★1. All insurance policies are cryptically written documents.Th erefore, some cryptically written documents are insurance policies. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following immediate inferences are valid. Show
15. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some pleasant recollections are not missed opportunities.Th erefore,
14. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. All porcelain fi gurines are fragile artifacts.Th erefore, it is
★13. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some economists are followers of Ayn Rand.Th erefore, some
12. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. No stolen computer chips are easy items to trace.Th erefore, no diffi
11. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some cases of whistle-blowing are actions disloyal to employers.Th
★10. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. It is false that all substances that control cell growth are
9. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some hedge-fund managers are not responsible investors.Th erefore,
8. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. No pet hamsters are animals that need much attention.Therefore, it is
★7. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. It is false that some international terrorists are political
6. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. All fl ying elephants are jolly pachyderms.Th erefore, some fl ying
5. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. All Barbie dolls are toys that engender a false sense of values.Th
★4. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some terminally ill patients are patients who do not want to
3. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some jobs in health care are not glamorous occupations.Th erefore,
2. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. No meat-eating vegetarians are individuals with a high-protein diet.Th
★1. Use either the traditional square of opposition or conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed. It is false that some jogging events are not aerobic activities.Th
★10. Some fi lm directors are artistic visionaries.Th erefore, some fi lm directors are not artistic visionaries. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed.
9. It false that some functional skateboards are not devices equipped with wheels.Th erefore, all functional skateboards are devices equipped with wheels. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name
8. It is false that no bankrupt hair salons are thriving enterprises.Th erefore, all bankrupt hair salons are thriving enterprises. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are
★7. All truthful lies are curious assertions.Th erefore, some truthful lies are curious assertions. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed.
6. Some tax cheats are not honest citizens.Th erefore, no tax cheats are honest citizens. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed.
5. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed. It is false that all visitors to Rio are carnival addicts.Th erefore, no visitors to Rio are carnival addicts.
★4. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed. It is false that some ruby earrings are not pieces of jewelry.Th erefore, some ruby earrings are pieces of jewelry.
3. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed. It is false that some suicide survivors are comeback kids.Th erefore, some suicide survivors are not comeback kids.
2. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed. It is false that some recessions are not periods of economic decline.Th erefore, it is false that no recessions are
★1. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid and sound or unsound. Name any fallacies that are committed. All dolphins are polar bears.Th erefore, it is false that no dolphins are polar bears.
15. It is false that some wood ticks are not carriers of Lyme disease.Th erefore, some wood ticks are carriers of Lyme disease. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are committed.
14. It is false that no leveraged buyouts are deals unfair to workers.Th erefore, all leveraged buyouts are deals unfair to workers. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are committed.
★13. No fl ying reindeer are animals who get lost in the fog.Th erefore, it is false that all fl ying reindeer are animals who get lost in the fog. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are
12. It is false that some network news programs are exercises in mediocrity.Therefore, it is false that no network news programs are exercises in mediocrity. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies
11. Some school busses manufactured on the moon are not plasma-powered vehicles.Therefore, it is false that all school busses manufactured on the moon are plasma-powered vehicles. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid.
★10. It is false that some orthodox psychoanalysts are not individuals driven by a religious fervor.Th erefore, it is false that some orthodox psychoanalysts are individuals driven by a religious fervor. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
9. It is false that some tooth fairies are daytime visitors.Th erefore, some tooth fairies are not daytime visitors. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are committed.
8. It is false that some forms of human creativity are activities amenable to mathematical analysis.Th erefore, it is false that all forms of human creativity are activities amenable to mathematical analysis. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
★7. It is false that all mainstream conservatives are people who support free legal services for the poor.Th erefore, no mainstream conservatives are people who support free legal services for the poor. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate
6. Some pornographic publications are materials protected by the First Amendment.Th erefore, it is false that no pornographic publications are materials protected by the First Amendment. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or
5. Some campus romances are episodes plagued by violence.Th erefore, some campus romances are not episodes plagued by violence. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are committed. Use the
★4. It is false that some trolls are not creatures who live under bridges.Th erefore, it is false that no trolls are creatures who live under bridges. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are
3. All homemakers are people with real jobs.Th erefore, it is false that no homemakers are people with real jobs. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are committed. Use the traditional square
2. It is false that no jailhouse informants are people who can be trusted.Th erefore, some jailhouse informants are not people who can be trusted. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are
★1. Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid. Name any fallacies that are committed. All advocates of school prayer are individuals who insist on imposing their views on others.Therefore, some advocates of school prayer
8. If “Some obsessive-compulsive behaviors are not curable diseases” is false, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All obsessive-compulsive behaviors are curable diseases.b. No obsessive-compulsive behaviors are curable diseases.c. Some obsessive-compulsive behaviors are
★7. If “Some obsessive-compulsive behaviors are not curable diseases” is true, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All obsessive-compulsive behaviors are curable diseases.b. No obsessive-compulsive behaviors are curable diseases.c. Some obsessive-compulsive behaviors are
6. If “Some assassinations are morally justifi able actions” is false, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All assassinations are morally justifi able actions.b. No assassinations are morally justifi able actions.c. Some assassinations are not morally justifi able actions.
5. If “Some assassinations are morally justifiable actions” is true, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All assassinations are morally justifi able actions.b. No assassinations are morally justifi able actions.c. Some assassinations are not morally justifi able actions. Use
★4. If “No sting operations are cases of entrapment” is false, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All sting operations are cases of entrapment.b. Some sting operations are cases of entrapment.c. Some sting operations are not cases of entrapment. Use the traditional square
3. If “No sting operations are cases of entrapment” is true, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. All sting operations are cases of entrapment.b. Some sting operations are cases of entrapment.c. Some sting operations are not cases of entrapment. Use the traditional square of
2. If “All fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing” is false, what is the truth value of the following statements?a. No fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing.b. Some fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing.c. Some fashion fads are not products of
★1. If “All fashion fads are products of commercial brainwashing” is true, what is the truth value of the following statements? Use the traditional square of opposition to fi nd the answers to these problems.When a statement is given as false, simply enter an “F” into the square of
20. Some pro-lifers are not people concerned with child welfare.Th erefore, some pro-lifers are people unconcerned with child welfare. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
★19. All unpleasant experiences are things we do not like to remember. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.Th erefore, all things we like to remember are pleasant
18. Some distant galaxies are not structures visible to the naked eye.Th erefore, some structures visible to the naked eye are not distant galaxies.
17. All fi re-breathing dragons are lizards that languish in soggy climates.Therefore, no fire-breathing dragons are lizards that flourish in soggy climates. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid,
★16. No nonprescription drugs are medicines without adverse eff ects.Th erefore, no medicines with adverse eff ects are prescription drugs. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
15. All hired killers are criminals who deserve the death penalty.Th erefore, all criminals who deserve the death penalty are hired killers. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
14. Some fossil fuels are unrenewable energy sources.Th erefore, some fossil fuels are not renewable energy sources. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
★13. Some insurance companies are not humanitarian organizations.Th erefore, some humanitarian organizations are not insurance companies. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
12. Some peaceful revolutions are episodes that erupt in violence.Therefore, some episodes that do not erupt in violence are non-peaceful revolutions. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name
11. Some graffi ti writers are artists relieving pent-up frustrations.Th erefore, some artists relieving pent-up frustrations are graffi ti writers. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the
★10. All ladies of the night are individuals with low self-esteem.Th erefore, no ladies of the night are individuals with high self-esteem. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
9. No promises made under duress are enforceable contracts.Th erefore, no unenforceable contracts are promises made in the absence of duress. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
8. Some swimsuits are not garments intended for the water.Th erefore, some garments intended for the water are not swimsuits. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
★7. All periods when interest rates are high are times when businesses tend not to expand. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.Th erefore, all times when businesses
6. No individuals who laugh all the time are people with a true sense of humor.Th erefore, no people with a true sense of humor are individuals who laugh all the time. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are
5. Some organ transplants are not sensible operations.Th erefore, some organ transplants are senseless operations. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
★4. Some insane people are illogical people.Th erefore, some logical people are sane people. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
3. Some states having limited powers are not slave states.Th erefore, some free states are not states having unlimited powers. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.
2. No child abusers are people who belong in day-care centers. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy committed.Th erefore, all child abusers are people who do not belong in
1. All commodity traders are gamblers who risk sudden disaster.Th erefore, all gamblers who risk sudden disaster are commodity traders. Use conversion, obversion, and contraposition to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. For those that are invalid, name the fallacy
3. Contrapose the following propositions and state whether the contrapositive is logically equivalent or not logically equivalent to the given proposition.★a. All physicians whose licenses have been revoked are physicians ineligible to practice.b. No unpersecuted migrants are migrants granted
2. Obvert the following propositions and state whether the obverse is logically equivalent or not logically equivalent to the given proposition.★a. All radically egalitarian societies are societies that do not preserve individual liberties.b. No cult leaders are people who fail to brainwash their
1. Convert the following propositions and state whether the converse is logically equivalent or not logically equivalent to the given proposition.★a. All hurricanes are storms intensifi ed by global warming.b. No sex-change operations are completely successful procedures.c. Some murals by Diego
15. It is false that some chocolate souffl és are desserts containing olives.Th erefore, it is false that all chocolate souffl és are desserts containing olives. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean
14. It is false that all weddings are light-hearted celebrations. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.Th erefore, some weddings are not light-hearted celebrations. Use the modern square of
★13. It is false that some soap bubbles are not occasions of glee.Th erefore, some soap bubbles are occasions of glee. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
12. Some stellar constellations are spiral-shaped objects.Th erefore, no stellar constellations are spiral-shaped objects. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
11. No talk radio shows are accurate sources of information.Th erefore, some talk radio shows are not accurate sources of information. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
★10. No vampires are avid connoisseurs of garlic bread. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.Therefore, it is false that some vampires are avid connoisseurs of garlic bread. Use the modern
9. It is false that some stunt pilots are not colorful daredevils.Th erefore, it is false that some stunt pilots are colorful daredevils.
8. It is false that no credit cards are things that contain holograms.Th erefore, some credit cards are things that contain holograms. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
★7. No fertility drugs are solutions to every problem.Th erefore, it is false that all fertility drugs are solutions to every problem. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
6. Some country doctors are altruistic healers.Th erefore, some country doctors are not altruistic healers.Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
5. It is false that no jazz musicians are natives of New Orleans.Th erefore, some jazz musicians are not natives of New Orleans. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
★4. All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions.Th erefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
3. All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.Th erefore, some trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
2. It is false that some lunar craters are volcanic formations.Th erefore, no lunar craters are volcanic formations. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
1. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following immediate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint. No sculptures by Rodin are boring creations. Therefore, all sculptures by Rodin are boring creations.
8. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. Some cruise ships are not steam-driven vessels.
★7. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. Some housing developments are complexes that exclude children.
6. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. No tax audits are pleasant experiences for cheaters.
5. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. All redistricting plans are sources of controversy.
★4. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. Some rock music lovers are not fans of Madonna.
3. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. Some political campaigns are mere attempts to discredit opponents.
2. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. All electric motors are machines that depend on magnetism.
1. Draw Venn diagrams for the following propositions. No life decisions are happenings based solely on logic.
★4. Some corporate lawyers are not people with a social conscience. Change both the quality and the quantity of the following statements.
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