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logic functions and equations
A Concise Introduction To Logic 11th Edition Patrick J. Hurley - Solutions
★4. Some insects that feed on milkweed are not foods suitable for birds, inasmuch as no monarch butterfl ies are foods suitable for birds and all monarch butterfl ies are insects that feed on milkweed. Put the following syllogisms into standard form, using letters to represent the terms, and name
3. No rent-control proposals are regulations welcomed by landlords, and all regulations welcomed by landlords are measures that allow a free hand in raising rents. Th erefore, some rent-control proposals are measures that allow a free hand in raising rents. Put the following syllogisms into
2. Some latchkey children are not kids who can stay out of trouble, for some youngsters prone to boredom are latchkey children, and no kids who can stay out of trouble are youngsters prone to boredom. Put the following syllogisms into standard form, using letters to represent the terms, and name
★1. No Republicans are Democrats, so no Republicans are big spenders, since all big spenders are Democrats. Put the following syllogisms into standard form, using letters to represent the terms, and name the mood and fi gure. Th en use the two lists of valid syllogistic forms to determine whether
5. All ozone molecules are good absorbers of ultraviolet rays.All ozone molecules are things destroyed by chlorine.Th erefore, some things destroyed by chlorine are good absorbers of ultraviolet rays. Th e following syllogisms are in standard form. Identify the major, minor, and middle terms, as
★4. No people who mix fact with fantasy are good witnesses.Some hypnotized people are people who mix fact with fantasy.Th erefore, some hypnotized people are not good witnesses. Th e following syllogisms are in standard form. Identify the major, minor, and middle terms, as well as the mood and fi
3. No environmentally produced diseases are inherited affl ictions.Some psychological disorders are not inherited affl ictions.Therefore, some psychological disorders are environmentally produced diseases. Th e following syllogisms are in standard form. Identify the major, minor, and middle terms,
2. No insects that eat mosquitoes are insects that should be killed.All dragonfl ies are insects that eat mosquitoes.Th erefore, no dragonfl ies are insects that should be killed. Th e following syllogisms are in standard form. Identify the major, minor, and middle terms, as well as the mood and fi
1. All neutron stars are things that produce intense gravity.All neutron stars are extremely dense objects. Th e following syllogisms are in standard form. Identify the major, minor, and middle terms, as well as the mood and fi gure of each. Th en use the two lists of valid syllogistic forms to
★10. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. All crocodiles are things identical to dangerous animals when they are hungry.
9. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. No toxic dumps are ecological catastrophes unless they leak.
8. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. All companies identical to Google are looking forward to a bright future.
★7. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. All people identical to matadors are not performers who succumb easily to fear.
6. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. No people identical to nuclear pacifi sts are people who believe a just war is possible.
5. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. All substances like cobalt are things that are substances identical to ferromagnetic metals.
★4. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. No downhill skiers are effective competitors if they suffer from altitude sickness.
3. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. All vertebrates except cartilaginous fi shes are animals with a bony skeleton.
2. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. All cars identical to BMWs are the only cars that young lawyers drive.
★1. Th e following exercises contain typical mistakes that students make in attempting to translate statements into standard form. Correct the errors and redundancies in these attempted translations. Some of the fi gure skating fi nalists are performers who are athletes that may win medals.
60. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Renee does whatever she is told to do.
59. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. An animal is a feline only if it is a cat.
★58. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Several contestants won prizes.
57. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. She says what she pleases.
56. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. A civil right is unalienable if it is a human right.
★55. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Few picnics are entirely free of ants.
54. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Feathers are not heavy.
53. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Dolphins are swimming between the breakers.
★52. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Whatever increases effi ciency improves profi tability.
51. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Th ere are forced labor camps in China.
50. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Many apartment dwellers are victimized by noise.
★49. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Physicists do not understand the operation of superconductors.
48. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Not every river runs to the sea.
47. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Bats are the only true fl ying mammals.
★46. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Cynthia travels where she wants.
45. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. All fl owers are not fragrant.
44. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. All passengers are not allowed to smoke on board the aircraft .
★43. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. I like strawberries.
42. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Monkeys are mammals.
41. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Monkeys are found in the jungles of Guatemala.
★40. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Few corporate raiders are known for their integrity.
39. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. All fruits except pineapples ripen aft er they are picked.
38. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Whoever suff ers allergic reactions has a weakened immune system.
★37. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Unless the sun is shining, a rainbow cannot occur.
36. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Modern corporations are all run in the interest of their managers.
35. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. He who hesitates is lost.
★34. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. John Grisham writes only novels about lawyers.
33. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. A pesticide is dangerous if it contains DDT.
32. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. All but the rats left the sinking ship.
★31. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. If an ore isn’t radioactive, then it isn’t pitchblende.
30. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Radio transmissions are disrupted whenever sunspot activity increases.
29. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Lunar eclipses do not occur unless the moon is full.
★28. Where there’s smoke, there’s fi re.
27. Th e only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it.
26. Th e Kentucky Derby is never run in January.
★25. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Berlin was the setting for the 1936 Olympic Games.
24. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Occasionally there are concerts in Central Park.
23. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Th e electroscope is a device for detecting static electricity.
★22. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Only diabetics require insulin treatments.
21. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. No shellfi sh except oysters make pearls.
20. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. If a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, she risks giving birth to a deformed child.
★19. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Th ere is a giant star in the Tarantula Nebula.
18. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Comets are the only heavenly bodies with tails.
17. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Only nuclear-powered vehicles are suitable for deep-space exploration.
★16. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. A few organic silicones are used as lubricants.
15. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Joseph J. Th omson discovered the electron.
14. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Warmth always relieves pain.
★13. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. A man is a bachelor only if he is unmarried.
12. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. She’s depressed whenever she gains weight.
11. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. She gains weight whenever she’s depressed.
★10. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. None but pirate ships fl y the Jolly Roger.
9. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Manipulators do not make good marriage partners.
8. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. A television show that depicts violence incites violence.
★7. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. If it’s a halogen, then it isn’t chemically inert.
6. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Every jazz fan admires Duke Ellington.
5. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Not all guilt feelings are psychological aberrations.
★4. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Bromine is extractable from seawater.
3. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Terrorist attacks succeed whenever security measures are lax.
2. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Temporary workers are not eligible for fringe benefi ts.
★1. Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions. Any bank that makes too many risky loans will fail.
15. Some soccer games are not thrilling events to watch.Th erefore, no soccer games are thrilling events to watch. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid.
14. No werewolves are creatures who lurk about in the daytime.Th erefore, it is false that all werewolves are creatures who lurk about in the daytime. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the
★13. It is false that some pet lovers are people who think that animals are mere machines.Th erefore, it is false that all pet lovers are people who think that animals are mere machines. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the
12. It is false that no incendiary devices are contraptions that misfi re.Th erefore, some incendiary devices are not contraptions that misfi re. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the
11. No fl ower gardens are creations that feature skunk weed.Th erefore, it is false that all fl ower gardens are creations that feature skunk weed. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the
★10. It is false that some thunderstorms are quiescent phenomena.Th erefore, all thunderstorms are quiescent phenomena. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or
9. Some housing projects are developments riddled with crime.Th erefore, it is false that no housing projects are developments riddled with crime. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the
8. It is false that some graduate teaching assistants are not underpaid laborers.Th erefore, it is false that no graduate teaching assistants are underpaid laborers. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint,
★7. All pixies who slide down moonbeams are fun-loving daredevils.Th erefore, it is false that no pixies who slide down moonbeams are fun-loving daredevils. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid
6. It is false that all skating rinks are playgrounds for amateurs.Th erefore, some skating rinks are not playgrounds for amateurs. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
5. All repressive political regimes are insults to human dignity.Th erefore, no repressive political regimes are insults to human dignity. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
★4. It is false that some duck hunters are animal rights activists.Th erefore, some duck hunters are not animal rights activists. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
3. No lamps containing genies are ordinary sources of light.Th erefore, some lamps containing genies are not ordinary sources of light. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian
2. It is false that some people who hunger for wealth are not victims of their obsession.Th erefore, some people who hunger for wealth are victims of their obsession. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint,
★1. No summer romances are banal pastimes.Th erefore, it is false that some summer romances are banal pastimes. Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inferences are valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid.
Use the modifi ed Venn diagram technique to determine if the following immediate inference forms are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid.★1. Some A are not B.Th erefore, no A are B.2. It is false that some A are B.Th erefore, it is
★10. It is false that some feminists are not advocates of equal pay for equal work.Th erefore, it is false that all advocates of equal pay for equal work are non-feminists. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following
9. It is false that some illegal searches are not sobriety checkpoints.Th erefore, some sobriety checkpoints are not legal searches. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following immediate inferences are valid. Show each
8. It is false that no unhealthy things to ingest are food additives.Th erefore, some food additives are not healthy things to ingest. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following immediate inferences are valid. Show
★7. Some people who recognize paranormal events are not non-scientists.Th erefore, it is false that no scientists are people who recognize paranormal events. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following immediate
6. It is false that some Gothic cathedrals are buildings that do not feature pointed arches.Th erefore, some buildings that feature pointed arches are Gothic cathedrals. Use the traditional square of opposition together with conversion, obversion, and contraposition to prove that the following
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