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Communication Mosaics An Introduction To The Field Of Communication 6th Edition Julia T. Wood - Solutions
How could Mei-ying be more effective without abandoning the values of her native culture?
How does Mei-ying Yung’s communication reflect her socialization in Chinese culture?
Edward Schieffelin and Robert Crittenden’s Like People in a Dream is a richly told account of fi rst contact between two cultures. In 1935 white explorers went into interior parts of New Guinea where the indigenous people still used Stone Age tools.
The 2002 fi lm Windtalkers tells the story of the Navajo soldiers who developed a code that enemy intelligence couldn’t break. This was discussed in the FYI box on page 161.
Lena Williams. (2002). It’s the little things:Everyday interactions that anger, annoy, and divide the races. New York: Harvest/Harcourt.This book offers clear examples of communication misunderstandings between blacks and whites.
Fern Johnson. (2000). Speaking culturally:Language diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. This book provides excellent historical information about different groups in the United States and the different ways in which they understand and use language.
As a class, discuss the tension between recognizing individuality and noting patterns common in specifi c social groups. Is it possible to recognize both that people have standpoints in social groups and that members of any group vary? You might recall the concept of totalizing from Chapter 4 to
Continue the exercise started on page 172 by listing common sayings or adages in your culture.Decide what each saying refl ects about the beliefs, values, and concerns of your culture.
Identify ways that you do and do not fi t generalizations for communication by members of your sex that were discussed in this chapter. What about you—race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc.—might explain the ways in which you depart from general tendencies identifi ed by researchers?
How do people respond to cultural diff erences in communication?
What is ethnocentric bias?
How does communication shape cultures and social communities?
How do cultures and social communities shape communication?
Do you perceive any relationship-level meanings that aren’t being addressed in this conversation?
To what extent do you think Andy and Martha feel listened to by the other?
Identify communication that fosters a defensive interpersonal climate.
Identify examples of mind reading, and describe their impact on Martha’s and Andy’s discussion.
Clicking on WebLink 7.3 will take you to the Powerful Non-Defensive Communication site, which offers exercises to assess and improve your skill in creating supportive communication climates.
To learn how gender and other facets of identity affect communication, including listening, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 7.2.
To read Jack Gibb’s original paper on defensive and supportive communication, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 7.1.
Redford Williams, M.D., and Virginia Williams, Ph.D. (1993). Anger kills: Seventeen strategies for controlling the hostility that can harm your health. New York: HarperPerennial. This is veryreadable book details the harm that anger and hostility cause us and provides practical advice on ways to
Attend a meeting of a political or civic group that interests you. Take notes on climate-building communication. For instance, do people at the meeting express empathy, openness, spontaneity, and so forth?
When do you fi nd it most diffi cult to confi rm others? Is it hard for you to be confi rming when you disagree with another person? After reading this chapter, can you distinguish disagreement from disconfi rmation?
How often do you use exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect responses to confl ict? What are the effects?
Interview a professional in the fi eld you plan to enter or return to after completing college. Ask your interviewee to describe the kind of climate that is most effective in his or her work situation.Ask what specifi c kinds of communication foster and impede a good working climate. How do your
Consider the ethical principles refl ected in the communication behaviors discussed in this chapter. What ethical principles underlie confi rming communication and disconfi rming communication?
Think about the most effective work climate you’ve ever experienced. Describe the communication in that climate. How does the communication in that situation refl ect the skills and principles discussed in this chapter?
When is it appropriate to show grace toward others?
How can we confi rm both ourselves and others?
In what ways can confl ict enrich relationships?
What kinds of communication foster defensive and supportive communication climates?
What advice would you offer Josh on listening more effectively to his father?
If you could advise Josh’s father on listening effectively, what would you tell him to do differently?
What examples of ineffective listening are evident in this dialogue?
To learn more about taking good notes to improve recall, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 6.3 to visit the web page created by the Offi ce of Academic Advising at the College of St. Benedict/St. John’s University.To develop skill in creating and using
The fi lm Erin Brockovich dramatically illustrates the power of listening. Watch the fi lm, and pay attention to how Julia Roberts, in the role of Erin Brockovich, shows she is listening carefully to people who have been harmed by toxic chemicals.
Spend time with people you do not usually interact with. If you are engaged in a service learning project, your community partners would be a good choice. Practice using minimal encouragers and paraphrasing to increase the depth of your understanding of their perspectives.
What do you see as the ethical principles that guide different listening purposes? What different moral goals and responsibilities accompany informational and critical listening and relationship listening?
Review the types of ineffective listening discussed in this chapter. Do any describe ways in which you attend (or don’t attend) to others? Select one type of ineffective listening in which you engage and work to minimize it in your interactions.
How we can improve our listening skills?
How does eff ective listening diff er across listening goals?
What obstacles interfere with eff ective listening?
What’s involved in listening?
How do listening and hearing diff er?
If you were the sixth member of this team, what kinds of communication might you enact to help relieve tension in the group?
How do artifacts affect interaction between members of the team?
Identify nonverbal behaviors that express relationship-level meanings of communication. What aspects of team members’ nonverbal communication express liking or disliking, responsiveness or lack of responsiveness, and power?
Identify nonverbal behaviors that regulate turn taking within the team.
Tootsie remains one of the best fi lms ever made depicting gendered nonverbal communication.View the fi lm, and notice how lead actor Dustin Hoffman changes his nonverbal behaviors when he is portraying Michael Dorsey, a male, and Dorothy Michaels, a female.
R. E. Axtell. (1998). Gestures: The do’s and taboos of body language around the world. New York:John Wiley. This is a very readable book that provides fascinating examples of how different cultures interpret gestures.
Attend a public hearing at your school or in the nearby community. It could be a meeting about zoning, placement of a public facility, etc. Observe nonverbal communication such as where public offi cials and citizens are located(which locations suggest greater power?), timing of the meeting (who
Think about current gender prescriptions in the United States. How are men and women“supposed” to look? How are these cultural expectations communicated? How might you resist and alter unhealthy cultural gender prescriptions?
Describe the spatial arrangements in the home of your family of origin. Was there a room in which family members interacted a good deal? How was furniture arranged in that room? Who had separate space and personal chairs in your family?What do the nonverbal patterns refl ect about your family’s
Attend a gathering of people from a culture different from yours. It might be a meeting at a Jewish temple if you’re Christian, an African American church if you are white, or a meeting of Asian students if you are Western. Observe nonverbal behaviors of the people there: How do they greet one
How can you improve your eff ectiveness in using and interpreting nonverbal communication?
How does nonverbal communication express cultural values?
What types of nonverbal behavior have scholars identifi ed?
What is nonverbal communication?
To what extent do Celia and Bernadette engage in dual perspective to understand each other?
Do you agree with Celia that the problem is Bernadette’s, not hers?Explain your answer.
Identify examples of loaded language and ambiguous language.
Identify examples of you-language in this conversation. How would you change it to I-language?
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct:How mind creates language. New York:HarperPerennial; Pinker, S. (2008). The stuff of thought: Language as a window to human nature. New York: Penguin. These books provide accessible discussions of how language works.Unlike some books on the subject of
Visit the Institute of General Semantics website by going to the book’s online resources for this chapter and clicking on WebLink 4.4.
The national Student Voices Project was created in 2000 by the Annenberg Public Policy Center. Over the years, it has been launched in multiple cities. Learn more about this project by going to the book’s online resources for this chapter and clicking on WebLink 4.3. See if there are contributors
Visit chat rooms and online forums and notice the screen names that people use. How do the names people create for themselves shape perceptions of their identities? What screen names do you use?Why did you choose them?
In the chapter, we learned that language names experiences and that language is continuously evolving. Can you think of experiences, feelings, or other phenomena for which we don’t yet have names? What is a good term to describe someone with whom you have a serious romance? Boyfriend and
To appreciate the importance of symbolic capacities, imagine the following: living only in the present without memories or hopes and plans;thinking only in terms of literal reality, not what might be; and having no broad classifi cations to organize experience. With others in the class, discuss how
How do rules guide verbal communication?
What are the practical implications of recognizing that language is a process?
What abilities are possible because humans use symbols?
How are language and thought related?
What could you say to Jim to help him and his parents reach a shared perspective on his academic work?
How might you assess the accuracy of Jim’s attributions? What questions could you ask him to help you decide whether his perceptions are well founded or biased?3.. What constructs, prototypes, and scripts seem to operate in how Jim and his parents think about college life and being a student?
Both Jim and his parents make attributions to explain his grades. Describe the dimensions of Jim’s attributions and those of his parents.
The accomplished golfer Tiger Woods refuses the labels black or Asian or Caucasian or Indian because he is all of those, not just one of them.He coined the term Cablinasian to defi ne his ethnicity. Visit Tiger’s offi cial website by going to the book’s online resources for this chapter and
Paul Watzlawick (1984). The invented reality: How do we know what we believe we know? Don’t let the publication date of this book fool you. It is as useful today as when it was published in raising awareness of how our perceptions shape our sense of reality.
Learn more about fact–inference confusion and other ways in which language and perception affect our thinking by visiting the website of the Institute of General Semantics. You can access it by going to the book’s online resources for this chapter and clicking on WebLink 3.1.
Volunteer to work in a context that allows you to interact with people you have not spent time with—for example, volunteer at a homeless shelter.Make a list of schemata (prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, and scripts) you have about these people before you interact with them.After
Go to a grocery store and notice how products are placed on shelves (at eye level, lower, or higher)and the colors and designs on product packaging.Identify factors discussed in this chapter that are used to make products stand out and gain shoppers’ attention.
Think of someone you know who is personcentered. Describe the specifi c skills this person uses and how they affect his or her communication.
Read a local paper and pay attention to how the language in stories shapes your perceptions of events and people. Identify examples of how language shapes perceptions.
How do physiological factors affect your perceptions?How do your biorhythms affect your daily schedules?
Pay attention to how you communicate with people both online and face to face. What differences can you identify in how you communicate in each medium? What differences can you identify in how others communicate with you online and in person?
How can we use language to enhance skill in perceiving?
Does mind reading help or hinder communication?
How does the self-serving bias aff ect the accuracy of our perceptions?
What factors infl uence our perceptions?
What processes are involved in perceiving?
What ethical choices did the senior employee make in communicating with Toya?
Review “The New Employee,” the case study for Chapter
What ethical choices did Dr. Muehlhoff make in his conversation with Jenna Hiller about the relevance of ethics to communication?
Dr. Muehlhoff also noted that he had seen a book entitled, What Would Machiavelli Do? The Ends Justify the Meanness He then suggested that there are many people we might pick as our ethical guides. Whom would you pick as your guide for ethical communication? Fill in the blank in this sentence: What
Dr. Tim Muehlhoff quoted the following statement from The Miracle of Dialogue: “I cannot hear you because of what I expect you to say.” Recall some instances in your own life where you have been unable to hear what someone was saying because of your expectations and stereotypes of that person.
Go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 2.4 to access NCA’s online magazine, Communication Currents. You will fi nd articles that refl ect current research and teaching in the fi eld.
Josina Makau’s (2009) chapter on ethical and unethical communication is important for all students in the fi eld. Consider how the ethical frameworks discussed in her chapter might inform volunteer civic service.
Go to your library or an online database, such as InfoTrac College Edition, that provides full articles from academic journals. Read this article: Elise Dallimore, Julie Hertenstein, and Marjorie Platt.(2004). Classroom participation and discussion effectiveness: Student-generated
This chapter provides an overview of the fi eld of communication and notes how it has evolved in response to social changes and issues. What major changes do you anticipate in U.S. society in the next 50 years? What kinds of changes in the fi eld of communication might be prompted by the social
Review the areas of communication discussed in the section on the breadth of the communication fi eld. In which areas do you feel most competent as a communicator? In which areas do you feel less competent? Identify one goal for improving your communication competence that you can keep in mind as
What themes unify areas of study within the fi eld of communication?
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