Research Methods And Statistics A Critical Thinking Approach 3rd Edition Sherri L. Jackson - Solutions

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An emergency medicine physician samples the heart rate of n 5 8 patients following a particular type of trauma. She finds the mean m 5 67.75 beats/min and the standard deviation s 5 9.04 beats/min. What is her 95% CI for the mean?
In DB5, plasma silicone level on n 5 30 patients was measured before and again after silicone implantation. What is a 95% confidence level for the mean difference preoppostop?
Among the indicators of patient condition following pyloromyotomy (correction of stenotic pylorus)in neonates is time (hours) to full feeding.4 A surgeon wants to place a 95% CI for mean time to full feeding. The surgeon has readings from n 5 20 infants. Some of the data are 3.50, 4.52, 3.03,
(DB13), find a 95% CI for the mean.
For the laboratory INR values of
The orthopedist in the Nitronox example at the end of Section 8.4 also is interested in the patients’ pain, which he has measured using the CHEOPS rating form. For his n 5 50 patients, m 5 9.16 and σ 5 2.04. Find (a) 95%, (b) 99%, and (c) 90% CIs for mean pain rating.
Find 90% and 99% CIs for the mean age of patients with carinal resection (DB12).
In DB13, let us take the 104 laboratory INR values’ standard deviation as the population σ.We find m 5 2.28 and σ 5 0.63. Find the 95% tolerance interval for patients. Does this tolerance interval match the patient “in range” interval?
In DB12 the age distribution of patients undergoing carinal resections is approximately normal with mean 5 47.8 years and standard deviation 5 14.8 years. The sample is large enough to take the standard deviation as if it were the population σ. You have a 12-year-old patient whose tracheal carina
For the N(2,9) distribution, what are the values on the x (horizontal) axis that enclose 95% of the area under the curve?
From DB13, we want to learn if our clinic results agree with those of the laboratory. Follow the first nine steps of Section 7.8 in setting up a test.
Using the 2 3 2 table in DB2, follow the first nine steps of Section 7.8 in setting up a test to learn if the drug reduces nausea score.
From DB14, set up tables as in Section 7.4: (a) EIB frequency by sex; (b) for the 6 EIB patients, 5-minute eNO differences by sex as ranks; (c) for the 6 EIB patients, 5-minute eNO differences by sex as continuous measurements.
Of what data type is (a) the variable Respond versus Not Respond in DB6?, (b) the variable Nausea Score in DB2?, and (c) the variable Platelet Count in DB9?
In DB14, healthy subjects showed a mean decrease of 2.15 ppb exhaled nitric oxide (eNO)from before exercise to 20 minutes after exercise. A level α 5 0.05 test of this mean against a theoretical mean of 0 (paired t-test) yielded p-value 5 0.085. Make an argument for the two interpretations of this
A clinical hypothesis arising from DB5 might be: The variances (or standard deviations) of plasma silicone before and after implant are different. (a) What probability distribution is associated with this hypothesis? (b) What probability distribution is associated with this hypothesis?(b) What
A clinical hypothesis arising from DB9 might be: The standard deviation of platelet counts is 60,000 [which gives about 95% confidence (mean 6 2 3 60,000) coverage of the normal range of 240,000]; this hypothesis is equivalent to supposing that the variance is 60,0002 5 3,600,000,000. (a) What
A clinical hypothesis arising from DB3 might be that the mean serum theophylline level is greater at the end of the antibiotic course than at baseline. (a) What probability distribution is associated with this hypothesis? (b) What assumptions about the data would be required to investigate this
In DB14, we ask if the mean ages of patients with and without exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are different. Write down the null and alternative hypotheses.
The probability of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developing in a person during the first year of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is about 0.01.An investigator reviewed the records of 70 patients with HIV. During the year following their reported date of first possible
In a relatively large study on subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery (SEPS), 2 10% ( 5 π)of ulcers had not healed by 6 months after surgery. In a particular clinic, n 5 6 SEPS were performed and no 5 2 patients had unhealed ulcers after 6 months. What is the probability that, if the
In DB8, means of four glycosaminoglycan levels recorded for each of two types of assays were about 0.39 (type I) and 0.44 (type II), which are not very different. However, the standard deviations were 0.2421 (type I) and 0.1094 (type II). If the type II assay averages the same but is less variable,
In DB7, the standard deviation of bone density of 18 patients with femoral neck fractures is s 5 24.01. Take the standard deviation for the normal population as σ 5 16.12. We want to know whether or not the variability for patients with a fracture is unusually larger than that for normals and
In DB10, the number of centimeters covered in the hop test using the operated leg has m 5 452.8 and s 5 91.7. What interval will include 95% of such patients (i.e., 2.5% in each tail)?
For a certain population of young healthy adults, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) follows a normal distribution with μ 5 120 and σ 5 5 mmHg. You have a patient with DBP 5 126 mmHg.What percentage of the population has higher DBP measurements?
From DB14, construct (a) a mean-and-standard-error chart ( 6 1.96 SEM) and (b) a box-andwhisker chart of eNO for EIB patients across time.
From DB3, construct (a) a mean-and-standard-error chart ( 6 1.96 SEM) and (b) a box-andwhisker chart for serum theophylline levels at baseline, 5 days and 10 days.
From DB14, construct a line chart for eNO means over time for EIB and not-EIB groups.
From DB14, construct a pie chart of the four categories: male with EIB, female with EIB, male without EIB, and female without EIB.
From DB14, construct a histogram of the 20-minute eNO change.
From DB7, construct pie charts of patient (a) sexes and (b) ages (grouped 1719, 2022, 2325, .25).
From DB7, construct a histogram of bone density in the intervals 80 , 140, 140 , 160, 160 , 180, and 180 , 200.
For DB6, calculate the tetrachoric correlation between type of tattoo ink and ease of removal.
From DB14, find the correlation coefficient of eNO between before exercise and 20 minutes after.
From DB15, find the (a) mean, (b) median, (c) variance, (d) standard deviation, (e) first quartile,(f) third quartile, and (g) SEM of temperatures at depth 1 for each treatment.
From DB10, find the (a) mean, (b) median, (c) variance, (d) standard deviation, (e) first quartile,(f) third quartile, and (g) SEM of the distance covered in a triple hop on the operated leg.
From DB7, find the (a) mean, (b) median, (c) variance, (d) standard deviation, (e) first quartile,(f) third quartile, and (g) SEM of the bone density. Round all answers to one decimal place after calculation.
In DB10 the difference in time to perform between legs has mean 5 0.16 and standard deviation 5 0.2868. Calculate the SEM.
If we wished to make an inference about proportion of patients in DB12 who died after 2 or less cm of carinal resection, what distribution would we be using?
If we were to make an inference about the mean of differences between clinic and lab INR readings in DB13, what would be the df?
If we were to make an inference about the mean of differences between pre-op and post-op plasma silicone levels in DB5, what would be the df? To make this mean into a t statistic, we subtract what value and then divide by what statistic? To decide if t is significantly larger than 0 or not, we
As an investigator, you wish to make an inference from DB14 about whether or not the difference in eNO from before exercise to 20 min after is 0. From Section 4.7, what steps would you go through?
As an investigator, you wish to make an inference from DB3 about whether or not the drug affects serum theophylline level (5 days). From Section 4.7, what steps would you go through?
For computational ease, use the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) levels for type II assay in DB8 rounded to 1 decimal place: 0.5, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3. Calculate (a) the variance and (b) the standard deviation.
For computational ease, use the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) levels for type I assay in DB8 rounded to 1 decimal place: 0.7, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2. Calculate (a) the variance and (b) the standard deviation.
For computational ease, use the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) levels for type II assay in DB8 rounded to 1 decimal place: 0.5, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3. Calculate (a) the mean and (b) the median.
For computational ease, use the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) levels for type I assay in DB8 rounded to 1 decimal place: 0.7, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2. Calculate (a) the mean and (b) the median.
(d). Again, look ahead to Fig. 4.3. Is the plot more similar to a normal or a chi-square probability distribution?
For INR readings from the clinic in DB13, examine the plot of the frequency distribution in intervals of width 0.25 done in
The squares of the 60 plasma silicone levels in DB5 are ( 3 104): 225, 169, 1521, 400, 1521, 1764, 576, 324, 144, 676, 100, 121, 225, 361, 729, 784, 121, 121, 324, 324, 576, 2304, 484, 729, 361, 324, 1024, 961, 361, 441, 441, 576, 100, 144, 784, 625, 484, 441, 529, 484, 484, 576, 1444, 2025, 529,
For INR readings from the lab in DB13, (a) select intervals for a tally, (b) tally the data,(c) find the median, and (d) convert the tally into a relative frequency distribution. (e) What does the median compared with the mean 5 2.28 say about symmetry?
For International Normalized Ratio (INR) readings from the clinic in DB13, (a) select intervals for a tally, (b) tally the data, (c) find the median, and (d) convert the tally into a relative frequency distribution. (e) What does the median compared with the mean 5 2.40 say about symmetry?
For patient age in DB12, (a) select intervals for a tally and (b) tally the data. In tallying,(c) record the median when 25 data have been tallied, then at 50, at 75, at 100, and at the end. Plot the median depending on the number of data sampled similar to the plot of Fig. 3.2.Does the median
, we look at six randomly chosen charts and find two patients with cirrhosis. What is our relative frequency and how does it compare with the probability of cirrhosis for the ward?
Returning to our liver disease ward of
You measure the healing effect of a placebo and four different antibiotics on patients with a particular disease. To compare each treatment with each other, how many pairings do you have?
, 12 patients display jaundice. We know that 90% of hepatitis B patients in our catchment display jaundice. If a patient selected at random displays jaundice, what is the probability that this patient has hepatitis B?
Suppose, in our liver disease ward from
Suppose, you have 25 liver disease patients. Five have Hepatitis C (Hc). Ten each have hepatitis B (Hb) and cirrhosis (C), six of which have both Hb and C. (a) Find the probability that a randomly selected patient will have Hb or C. (b) Find the probability that in two randomly selected patients,
Suppose, you have 10 young (Y), 5 middle aged (M), and 10 senior (S) patients. (a) Find the probability that a randomly selected patient is not young. (b) Find the probability that neither of two randomly drawn patients is young.
From Table 2.2, what test on data from DB14 would you choose for the following questions.(a) What will identify or negate age bias? (b) What will identify or negate sex bias? (c) Is eNO from before to after 5 minutes of exercise different between EIB and non-EIB patients?
From Table 2.1, what description would you use to convey information on the following patient samples? (a) Average systolic blood pressure (SBP). (b) How spread out SBP is about the mean.(c) Stenosis of an artery or not. (d) Posttreatment psoriasis as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe
Do the following estimators tend to measure accuracy or precision: mean, standard deviation (SD)?
For the question of DB5, should a one- or two-sided test be used?
Might sex and/or age differences in the independent variables have biased the outcomes for (a)DB2? (b) DB14? What can be done to rule out such bias?
From the discussion in Section 1.6, what sort of study gave rise to (a) DB2 (see Databases)?(b) DB14? What are the independent and dependent variables in each?
Based on APA style, what is wrong with the following reference?Karau, Steven. J., & Williams, Kenneth. D. (1993).Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 681-706.a. The name of the journal should be underlined.b. Only the
Which of the following lists represents the correct ordering of the sections of an APA paper?a. Abstract, Method, Introduction, Resultsb. Introduction, Abstract, Method, Resultsc. Discussion, Abstract, Introduction, Methodd. Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Method
A summary of the entire research project is to as an interpretation of the findings is to .a. Abstract; Results sectionb. Method section; Results sectionc. Abstract; Discussion sectiond. Results; Discussion section
A description of prior findings in the area of study is to the as a report of statistical findings is to .a. Introduction; Method sectionb. Method section; Introductionc. Introduction; Results sectiond. Results section; Method section
The page after the title page in an APA-format paper is always the .
Statistical findings are reported in the section of an APA-format paper.
The subsections in a methods section of an APAformat paper include the .
The Results section should identify the statistics used to analyze the data and the results of those analyses. It should not include any explanation or qualification of the results, nor should it relate the results back to the hypothesis being tested. These matters will be covered in the Discussion
The Participants subsection should be first.It provides a description of the participants, which may include gender, age, and ethnicity.Next comes a Materials or Apparatus subsection, describing any testing materials or equipment used. The final subsection is usually a Procedure (or a Design and
The short title appears in the upper-right margin of an APA-style manuscript (on all pages except the figure pages) and is usually the first two or three meaningful words of the title of the paper. The short title will not appear in the paper if it is ultimately published; it is simply used for
Identify the grammatical or formatting errors in each of the following statements:a. 50 students participated in the study.b. The F-score was 6.54 with a p-value of .05 and 1 and 12 degrees of freedom.c. The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA.d. One group of participants took the medication
Briefly describe the type of information that should be contained in an introduction.
Explain what information should and should not appear in a Results section.
Identify and briefly explain what the subsections in a Method section should be.
What is the difference between the short title and the running head in an APA-style manuscript?
The ABA design is generally considered than the ABAB design because participants.a. more desirable; are left with the effects of the treatmentb. less desirable; are not left with the effects of the treatmentc. more desirable; are not left with the effects of the treatmentd. less desirable; are left
Which of the following is a type of single-case design?a. ABA reversal designsb. multiple baseline across participantsc. time-series designd. single-group posttest only design
In terms of developmental designs, a design is being used when the researcher tests the same participants at difference ages over many years.a. matched-participantsb. sequentialc. cross-sectionald. longitudinal
The difference between pretest/posttest designs and time-series designs is that time-series designs take measures.a. fewerb. morec. the same number ofd. more reliable
A problem with nonequivalent control group designs is that:a. they are open to many confounds.b. there is no comparison group.c. there is no equivalent control group.d. both a and c.
Students in one of Mr. Kirk’s classes participate in new interactive history learning modules.Students in another class learn history using the traditional lecture method. After three months, all students take a test to assess their knowledge of history. What kind of design did Mr. Kirk use?a.
Correlational research differs from quasiexperimental research in that:a. with correlational research we measure two variables.b. with quasi-experimental research there is one nonmanipulated independent variable and one measured variable.c. with quasi-experimental research there is one manipulated
Which of the following is a participant variable?a. ethnicityb. genderc. aged. all of the above
When using a variable, participants are assigned to groups.a. nonmanipulated independent; randomlyb. nonmanipulated independent; not randomlyc. participant; not randomlyd. both b and c
A small-n design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple participants is a design.
A single-case design in which baseline measures are taken, the independent variable is introduced and behavior is measured, and the independent variable is then removed and baseline measures taken again is a(n) design.
A design in which a few participants are studied is called a design.
A design in which only one participant is used is called a design.
When participants from different age groups all serve together in the same experiment, then a developmental design is being used.
A design in which at least two nonequivalent groups are given a pretest, then a treatment, and then a posttest measure is a design.
A design in which a single group of participants is measured repeatedly before and after a treatment is a design.
The design involves giving a treatment to a single group of participants and then testing them.
A variable is a characteristic inherent in the participants that cannot be changed.
Multiple-baseline designs attempt to control for confounds by introducing the treatment at differing time intervals to a few different people, to the same person in different situations, or to the same person across different behaviors.

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Research Methods And Statistics A Critical Thinking Approach 3rd Edition Sherri L. Jackson - Solutions

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