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supervision concepts skill
Supervision Concepts And Practices Of Management 13th Edition Edwin C. Leonard, Kelly A. Trusty - Solutions
Remember that failure to respond has reinforcing consequences. P-687
People need to know that it is okay to make mistakes. Therefore, create a learning organization that says to all employees, “We’ll learn what not to do from the mistakes we make.” The supervisor can say, “Everything I’ve learned, I learned from either the mistakes I’ve made or the
Don’t punish people in front of others. P-687
Employees will do their best work for people they trust and respect. Therefore, treat your employees as you would want to be treated. P-687
They believe they are doing something meaningful because their work is important to other people. P-687
They feel responsible for how the work turns out. P-687
They learn how well they performed their jobs. P-687
Every term students ask, “Where can I find a job that will provide me with the satisfaction I expect?” My response is always the same: “Tell me what it would take to make you satisfied?” In recent years, job security has moved toward the top of the list. Many factors contribute to employee
Each one of us is a unique individual, and one’s behavior is influenced by many factors. Personality is the complex mix of skills, knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and other attributes that distinguishes one person from another. Prominent factors that interact to form the personality of each
Motivation is a willingness to exert effort toward achieving a goal. Individuals have been found to put forth more effort if the reward fulfills their individual needs. According to Maslow, when a lower-level need is fulfilled, higher-level needs emerge that influence one’s motivation. The need
It is important for supervisors to recognize the different levels of need. Supervisors can influence employee motivation positively if they rely on supervisory approaches that promote higher-level need fulfillment. When employee needs are not satisfied on the job, job performance usually suffers.
Working conditions that do not fulfill employee needs ultimately cause dissatisfaction and frustration. The interaction between individuals creates the opportunity for conflict. Since the beginning of time, there have been people who made life difficult for others. Many factors may cause some
The ABC model of behavior modification is built on the notion that the supervisor can use antecedents (those things that precede behavior) and consequences (the results of behavior) to condition desirable behavior or to extinguish undesirable behavior. The use of extinction, positive reinforcement,
The Theory X supervisor believes primarily in authoritarian techniques, which relate to lower-level human needs. The Theory Y supervisor prefers to build motivation by appealing to employees’ higherlevel needs. P-687
We provided a definitional and conceptual framework for strategies for enhancing employee morale and motivation.The major approaches include job design, job rotation, multitasking, job enrichment, participative management, and other opportunities for employees to be more involved. The job
a. Think of a time when you accomplished something that made you very proud. What caused you to react that way? What rewards or satisfactions came your way to reinforce those actions?b. Think of a time when you did something that made you ashamed. What caused you to behave that way? Have you
Compare and contrast each of the motivational theories discussed in this chapter. From the aspect of practical application, what are the benefits of each of the motivational theories discussed in this chapter? P-687
What are the basic elements of Theory X and Theory Y? Can you think of any reasons Theory Y would be inappropriate for all supervisors? P-687
With respect to the m anagement problem of motivating subordinates to accomplish organizational goals, what conclusions can you draw from reading the material in this chapter? P-687
Look in the mirror. (a) What are you doing well? (b) What needs a little work? (c) What incentives do you need to make “the best a little bit better?” P-687
Rank the following 20 items in order of their importance to you. In the left-hand column, place the number 1 next to the most important item, the number 2 next to the second most important item, and so on through to the least important item (number 20).Note: If this skills application is used as an
Make four copies of the 20 items and give one copy to four persons who are employed full-time. Have them give A’s to the five items that are most important to them; B’s to those five items that rank next in important; C’s to those five that rank next in importance; and D’s to those five
Compare your individual rankings with those of the four persons you asked to complete the survey.a. Are there differences?b. If so, how do you explain them? P-687
It should be obvious that the road to employee motivation is not entirely clear to Don's five first-line supervisors. List specific illustrations from the You Make the Call! that support this observation. P-687
Define motivation and explain how Don and his five direct reports can use it to get employees into the right game. P-687
Why might some of the employees in today’s economy not be willing to do the best job possible to preserve their job at Economy Moving and Storage? P-687
INTERNET ACTIVITY INTERNET Using the Internet, search for at least three current research articles or reports on “what employees want from their jobs” or the “current state of employee morale.” Write a onepage report summarizing your findings. P-687
Write a two- or three-page paper that answers the following questions:a. Why do the perceptions of employees vary?b. Briefly identify the factors that account for the differences.c. Assume that you are Bob Felker, the Subway Systems’area supervisor. What three tips would you give each of your
Social media recognizes and rewards employees. Companies such as GiveAWow and Terryberry provide organizations with Facebook-like platforms to praise employee work. P-687
Online courses that educate supervisors on how and why to provide meaningful recognition to employees. MindTools, Terryberry, and APA Excellence provide such trainings. P-687
Customized gift cards that align with employees’ interests, rather than generic restaurant cards. P-687
Eco-friendly incentive packaging and gifts that demonstrate a company’s commitment to “green” practices. P-687
“Leaderboards” that display workers’ progress against one another, to encourage friendly competition. The Employee Engagement Network is one such leaderboard. P-687
Peer-to-peer recognition tools, which employees can use to recognize the contributions of those on their team or in their work group. Baudville provides such recognition tools for organizations. P-687
Points redemption programs, in which employees earn points by achieving organizational milestones, which they can “cash in” for products they choose from an incentive Web site. AwardsNetwork, Intelispend, and AwardCo are a few examples of such services. P-687
Explain the importance of problemsolving and decision-making skills. P-698
Describe and apply the basic steps and skills involved in the decisionmaking process. P-698
Identify and describe various decision-making styles. P-698
Discuss why a supervisor should not make hasty decisions. P-698
Suggest approaches for introducing change to employees and for proposing change to higher-level managers. P-698
Understand the formula for organizational renewal.? P-698
What is the problem? P-698
How do you know there is a problem? P-698
Where has the problem occurred? P-698
When has the problem occurred? P-698
Who is involved in, or affected by, the problem? P-698
Defer all judgment of ideas. During brainstorming, allow no criticism by the group. People suppress ideas consciously and subconsciously, and this tendency must be avoided. Even if an idea seems impractical and useless, it should not be rejected because rejection could inhibit the free flow of more
Seek many ideas. Idea fluency is the key to creative problem solving, and fluency means quantity. The more ideas that are generated, the more likely some ideas will be viable. P-698
Encourage freewheeling. Being creative calls for a free-flowing mental process in which all ideas, no matter how extreme, are welcome. Even the wildest idea may, on further analysis, have some usefulness. P-698
“Hitchhike” on existing ideas. Combining, adding to, and rearranging ideas often produce new approaches that are superior to the original ones. When creative thought processes slow down or stop, review some of the existing ideas and try to hitchhike on them with additions or revisions.9 P-698
If additional information would increase the quality of the decision, involve those who can provide that information. P-698
If acceptance of the decision is critical, involve those whose acceptance is important. P-698
If people’s skills can be developed through participation, involve those who need the development opportunity. P-698
If the situation is not life-threatening and does not require immediate action, involve others in the process.1 P-698
What worked? P-698
What actually happened as a result of the decision? P-698
What kind of feedback did you receive about the success of a decision? P-698
What style did you use to make the successful decision? P-698
What didn’t work? P-698
Why didn’t it work? P-698
How much tweaking did you have to do to make it work? P-698
What caused the differences between the intended outcome and what actually occurred? P-698
What kind of feedback did you receive about a failed decision? P-698
What decision-making style did you use to make the failed decision? P-698
How extensive is the problem? P-698
Does the situation need an immediate response? P-698
Who else (the stakeholders) is affected by the problem? P-698
Should they (the stakeholders) be involved in this discussion? P-698
Have you (the employee) thought through the problem, and do you have an idea of what the end result should be? P-698
What do you recommend? Why? P-698
Everything we do revolves around the decisions we make. Supervisors like Lori, the college student, encounter many situations that force them to carefully analyze the available information and ponder various courses of action. Supervisors must find solutions for problems that result from changing
Better decisions are more likely to occur when supervisors follow these steps of the decisionmaking process:1, Define the problem.2, Gather facts and information and analyze the problem.3, Establish decision criteria.4, Develop a sufficient number of alternatives. P-698
Supervisors constantly make decisions that vary in scope, complexity, and impact on stakeholders.Figure 8.7 is used to illustrate five decision-making styles: abdicator, free spirit, amiable, analytic, and driver. Most supervisors will use all of the styles depending on the complexity of the
Supervisors risk getting themselves into trouble unless they follow the steps of the decision-making process, which is time-consuming. Most problems do not require immediate answers. It is often valuable to allow subordinates to help make decisions.They may see the problem from a different
To cope with employees’ normal resistance to change, supervisors must understand why resistance surfaces and what can be done to help employees adjust to and accept changes. Preparing employees for change by being open and honest, providing information and training early in the process, and
Organizational renewal is a continuous process, often resulting from the synergy of leadership and change. Baptist Health Care serves as an example of how one organization consistently responds over time to the swiftly changing healthcare environment and effectively manages the changes necessary to
Define the decision-making process. Why should supervisors write problem statements when defining the problem?What pitfalls should the supervisor avoid at each step of the process? P-698
Think of a major decision you have made in your life. For example, why did you decide to go to college? Why did you choose the college you selected? How did you select a major? Explain how you applied the steps in the decisionmaking process. What factors might you have considered to have made a
“None of us is as smart as all of us.” Think of a situation in which you would prefer to solve a problem in a group setting rather than by yourself. Why would you rather “not go it alone?”a. What are the advantages of involving others in the decision-making process? The disadvantages?b.
Define and discuss the factors a supervisor should consider when developing and evaluating alternatives in the decision-making process. To what degree should the ethical tests come into play in any decision? P-698
Discuss how a decision to take no action to a problem might be most appropriate? P-698
Consider the following statement, “People don’t resist change; they resist being changed.” To what extent is this statement true? Discuss strategies for overcoming resistance to change. Discuss the principles of proposing change to higher-level managers. P-698
What are the major ways in which the concepts and principles of organizational renewal might be incorporated into every supervisor’s job? P-698
Write a problem statement that addresses what, how, where, when of Molly’s actions in the past week. Make sure that your statement includes the impact on customer service and the other employees. P-698
Is Molly worth saving as an employee in your store? Why or why not? P-698
Find at least two current articles or reports that indicate why employee absenteeism is a serious problem in our society. Based upon your findings and your personal work experiences, what should an organization such as Kincaid Pharmacies do to help employees such as Molly get to work on time and
Is it realistic for your boss to expect you to abstain from conducting personal business on the company computer? Why or why not? P-698
Early today, you notice that one of your coworkers is using the computer to surf porn sites. What would you do? Why would you take this course of action? P-698
As the supervisor, you notice one of your subordinates using the computer for information on the fantasy football league. What would you do? Discuss the “ethical tests” that might help you make your decision? P-698
Interview three people in supervisory or management positions. Ask them to identify (a) the major problem facing their organization today and (b) the major problem they have in doing their job. P-698
Compare the problems identified by the supervisors. Did they state the problems in a way that make them understandable to you, or did you have to ask them questions in order to fully comprehend? P-698
In your opinion, which of the organizational problems indentified is most critical to organizational success? P-698
Based on your analysis of the problems, would the supervisors be better off solving the problems themselves or eliciting input from others? Why? P-698
Think of the week ahead. What is the major problem that you must deal with? What ideas from the Supervisory Tips Box will provide you the most guidance in dealing with your problem? P-698
Locate and review the Web sites for at least three of the software applications listed above. P-698
Watch the demo videos and/or download the trial versions of the applications you chose to review. P-698
Reflect on the kind of decision making help each of the applications provides. Do you think the applications would be helpful to you in making decisions? Why or why not? P-698
Think of something about which you would like to make a decision. It could be a big, life-changing decision like which job to choose, or it could be a simple decision like which flavor of ice cream to buy. P-698
In a group of four to five students, each student should describe the decision he or she want to make. Ask the others in the group which decision they think you should make by taking a poll. Did you feel comfortable with their responses?Would you take their advice? P-698
In a one- to two-page paper, discuss the value and the challenges of using technology to help make decisions.Contrast that with the value and challenges of asking friends or colleagues to help make decisions. Then describe the process you find to be most helpful when making decisions (it does not
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