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chemical engineering design

Questions and Answers of Chemical Engineering Design

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is manufactured by the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol using a shell and tube type reactor. Flue gases are used for heating and pass through the tubes. The flue gases will
A slurry of acrylic polymer particles in water is held in storage tanks prior to filtering and drying. Plain carbon steel would be a suitable material for the tanks, but it is essential that the
Coal gasification is carried out at 850°C and 40 atmospheres pressure, by reaction of coal with steam and oxygen. The empirical formula of the coal is roughly CH0.8S0.013. What materials of
Estimate the liquid density at their boiling points for the following: 1. 2-butanol; 2. Methyl chloride; 3. Methyl ethyl ketone; 4. Aniline; 5. Nitrobenzene.
Estimate the density of the following gases at the conditions given: 1. Hydrogen at 20 bara and 230°C; 2. Ammonia at 1 bara and 50°C and at 100 bara and 300°C; 3. Nitrobenzene at 20 bara and
Make a rough estimate of the thermal conductivity of n-butane both as a liquid at 20°C and as a gas at 5 bara and 200°C. Take the viscosity of the gaseous n-butane as 0.012 mN m-2 s.
Estimate the specific heat capacity of liquid 1,4 pentadiene and aniline at 20°C.
Estimate the heat of vaporization of methyl-t-butyl ether, at 100°C.
The composition of the feed to a debutanizer is as follows. The column will operate at 14 bar and below 750 K. The process is to be modeled using a commercial simulation program. Suggest a suitable
Estimate the gaseous phase diffusion coefficient for the following systems, at 1 atmosphere and the temperatures given:1. Carbon dioxide in air at 20°C; 2. Ethane in hydrogen at 0°C; 3. Oxygen in
Estimate the liquid-phase diffusion coefficient for the following systems at 25°C:1. Toluene in n-heptane; 2. Nitrobenzene in carbon tetrachloride; 3. Chloroform in benzene; 4. Hydrogen chloride
Estimate the surface tension of pure acetone and ethanol at 20°C, and benzene at 16°C, all at 1 atmosphere pressure.
In the manufacture of methyl ethyl ketone from butanol, the product is separated from unreacted butanol by distillation. The feed to the column consists of a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone,
In the storage of flammable liquids, if the composition of the vapor-air mixture above the liquid surface falls within the flammability limits, a floating-roof tank would be used or the tank
List the materials’ incompatibility problems you should be aware of in plants that handle. 1. Hydrogen peroxide; 2. Ethylene oxide; 3. Chlorine; 4. Ammonium nitrate; 5. Styrene.
A fluidized bed is used in the production of aniline by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Single-stage cyclones, followed by candle filters, are used to remove fines from the gases leaving the
Dissolved solids in the tar from the bottom of a distillation column are precipitated by quenching the hot tar in oil. The solids are then separated from the oil and burned. The density of the solids
The solids from a dilute slurry are to be separated using hydro cyclones. The density of the solids is 2900 kg/m3 , and liquid is water. A recovery of 95% of particles greater than 100 mm is
In a process for the production of acrylic fibers by the emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile, the unreacted monomer is recovered from water by distillation. Acrylonitrile forms an azeotrope with
Water droplets are to be separated from air in a simple separation drum. The flow rate of the air is 1000 m3/h, at stp, and it contains 75 kg of water. The drum will operate at 1.1 bara pressure and
In a process for the manufacture of acetone, acetone is separated from acetic acid by distillation. The feed to the column is 60 mol percent acetone, the balance acetic acid.The column is to recover
The vapors from a chlorine vaporizer will contain some liquid droplets. The vaporizer consists of a vertical, cylindrical vessel with a submerged bundle for heating. A vapor rate of 2500 kg/h is
Propaneis separated from propylene by distillation. The compounds have close boiling points, and the relative volatility will be low. For a feed composition of 10% w/w propane, 90% w/w propylene,
In the manufacture of absolute alcohol by fermentation, the product is separated and purified using several stages of distillation. In the first stage, a mixture of 5 mol percent ethanol in water,
In the manufacture of methyl ethyl ketone from butanol, the product is separated from unreacted butanol by distillation. The feed to the column consists of a mixture of 0.90 mol fraction MEK, 0.10
A double-pipe heat exchanger is to be used to heat 6000 kg/h of 22 mol percent hydrochloric acid. The exchanger will be constructed from karbate (impervious carbon) and steel tubing. The acid will
A solution of sodium hydroxide leaves a dissolver at 80°C and is to be cooled to 40°C, using cooling water. The maximum flow rate of the solution will be 8000 kg/h. The maximum inlet temperature of
Chlorine is to be removed from a vent stream by scrubbing with a 5% w/w aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The vent stream is essentially nitrogen, with a maximum concentration of 5.5% w/w
For this proposed design, 4500 kg/h of ammonia vapor at 6.7 bara pressure is to be cooled from 120°C to 40°C, using cooling water. The maximum supply temperature of the cooling water available is
In a food processing plant there is a requirement to heat 50,000 kg/h of town water from 10 to 70°C. Steam at 2.7 bar is available for heating the water. An existing heat exchanger is available,
Design a shell and tube exchanger to heat 50,000 kg/h of liquid ethanol from 20°C to 80°C. Steam at 1.5 bar is available for heating. Assign the ethanol to the tube side. The total pressure drop
An immersed bundle vaporizer is to be used to supply chlorine vapor to a chlorination reactor, at a rate of 10,000 kg/h. The chlorine vapor is required at 5 bar pressure. The minimum temperature of
A condenser is required to condense n-propanol vapor leaving the top of a distillation column. The n-propanol is essentially pure and is a saturated vapor at a pressure of 2.1 bara. The condensate
A vertical thermosiphon reboiler is required for a column. The liquid at the base of the column is essentially pure n-butane. A vapor rate of 5 kg/s is required. The pressure at the base of the
There is a requirement to cool 200,000 kg/h of a dilute solution of potassium carbonate from 70 to 30°C. Cooling water will be used for cooling, with inlet and outlet temperatures of 20 and 60°C. A
Calculate the maximum membrane stress in the wall of shells having the following shapes. The vessel walls are 2 mm thick and subject to an internal pressure of 5 bar.1. An infinitely long cylinder,
Compare the thickness required for a 2 m diameter flat plate, designed to resist a uniform distributed load of 10 kN/m2, if the plate edge isa. Completely rigid; b. Free to rotate. Take the maximum
2000 kg of a 5% slurry of calcium hydroxide in water is to be prepared by diluting a 20% slurry. Calculate the quantities required. The percentages are by weight.
Guaifenesin (Guaiacol glyceryl ether, 3-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, C10H14O4) is an expectorant that is found in cough medicines such as ActifedTM and RobitussinTM. U.S. 4,390,732 (to
Develop project plans for the design and construction of the following processes. Use Figure 1.2 as a guide to the activities that must occur. Estimate the overall time required from launching the
To produce a high purity product, two distillation columns are operated in series. The overhead stream from the first column is the feed to the second column. The overhead from the second column is
A liquid stream leaves a reactor at a pressure of 100 bar. If the pressure is reduced to 3 bar in a turbine, estimate the maximum theoretical power that could be obtained from a flow rate of 1000
The gas leaving a combustion chamber has the following composition: CO2 7:8, CO 0:6, O2 3:4, H2O 15:6, N2 72:6, all volume percentage. Calculate the heat removed if the gas is cooled from 8008C to
A catalytic process was designed to make 150 metric tons per year of product with a net profit of $0.25/lb of product. The catalyst for the process costs $10/lb and it takes 2 months to shut down the
In the manufacture of aniline, liquid nitrobenzene at 20°C is fed to a vaporizer where it is vaporized in a stream of hydrogen. The hydrogen stream is at 30°C, and the vaporizer operates at 20 bar.
A supply of nitrogen is required as an inert gas for blanketing and purging vessels. After generation, the nitrogen is compressed and stored in a bank of cylinders, at a pressure of 5 barg. The inlet
The following portfolio of investment projects has been proposed for a company for next year:i. Develop a spreadsheet optimization program to select the optimal portfolio of projects to maximize
You are the project manager of a team that has been asked to complete the design of a chemical plant up to the stage of design selection. You have three engineers available (plus yourself), and the
A separator divides a process stream into three phases: a liquid organic stream, a liquid aqueous stream, and a gas stream. The feed stream contains three components, all of which are present to some
A rectangular tank with a square base is constructed from 5 mm steel plates. If the capacity required is 8 cubic meters, determine the optimum dimensions if the tank has.i. A closed top. ii. An open
What is the optimum practical shape for an above-ground dwelling, to minimize the heat losses through the building fabric? When is (or was) this optimum shape used? Why is this optimum shape seldom
Hydrogen is manufactured from methane by either steam reforming (reaction with steam) or partial oxidation (reaction with oxygen). Both processes are endothermic. What reactor temperature and
Ethylene and propylene are valuable monomers. A key step in the recovery of these materials is fractionation of the olefin from the corresponding paraffin (ethane or propane). These fractionation
The off gases from a gasoline stabilizer are fed to a steam reforming plant to produce hydrogen. The composition of the off gas, molar%, is CH4 77:5, C2H6 9:5, C3H8 8:5, C4H10 4:5.The gases entering
If you had to design a plant for pasteurizing milk, what constraints would you place on the design?
Aniline is produced by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. A small amount of cyclo-hexylamine is produced as a byproduct. The reactions areNitrobenzene is fed to the reactor as a vapor, with three
The composition of a gas derived by the gasification of coal is by volume percentage: carbon dioxide 4, carbon monoxide 16, hydrogen 50, methane 15, ethane 3, benzene 2, balance nitrogen. If the gas
Ammonia is removed from a stream of air by absorption in water in a packed column. The air entering the column is at 760 mmHg pressure and 20°C. The air contains 5.0% v/v ammonia. Only ammonia is
Technical grade hydrochloric acid has a strength of 28% w/w. Express this as a mole fraction.
Write out and balance the overall equation for the manufacture of vinyl chloride from ethylene, chlorine, and oxygen.
Allyl alcohol can be produced by the hydrolysis of allyl chloride. Together with the main product, allyl alcohol, diallyl ether is produced as a byproduct. The conversion of allyl chloride is
If nitration acid is made up using oleum in place of the 98% sulfuric acid, there will be four distinct chemical species: sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, nitric acid, water. The sulfur trioxide will
In the manufacture of aniline, the condensed reactor products are separated in a decanter. The decanter separates the feed into an organic phase and an aqueous phase. Most of the aniline in the feed
In the manufacture of aniline by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, the off gases from the reactor are cooled and the products and unreacted nitrobenzene condensed. The hydrogen and inerts,
The feed stream to a reactor contains ethylene 16%, oxygen 9%, nitrogen 31%, and hydrogen chloride. If the ethylene flow is 5000 kg/h, calculate the individual component flows and the total stream
Carbon dioxide is added at a rate of 10 kg/h to an air stream and the air is sampled at a sufficient distance downstream to ensure complete mixing. If the analysis shows 0.45% v/v CO2, calculate the
In the manufacture of aniline from nitrobenzene, the reactor products are condensed and separated into aqueous and organic phases in a decanter. The organic phase is fed to a striping column to
To ensure complete combustion, 20% excess air is supplied to a furnace burning natural gas. The gas composition (by volume) is methane 95%, ethane 5%. Calculate the moles of air required per mole of

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