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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering
An Introduction To Mechanical Engineering 3rd Edition Jonathan Wickert, Kemper Lewis - Solutions
A cross-sectional view is shown of the skyways in the Kansas City Hyatt Regency hotel in their as-constructed form, along with the forces acting on the nuts and washers that contact the two walkways (Figure P4.25).(a) Draw free body diagrams of the upper and lower walkways, including the weight w
A cross section of the original design for the double-decker skyways in the Kansas City Hyatt Regency hotel is shown, along with the forces acting on the nuts and washers that support the upper and lower walkways (Figure P4.24).(a) Draw free body diagrams of the upper and lower walkways, including
A pair of large hydraulically operated shears in Figure P4.23 is attached to the end of the boom on an excavator. The shear is used for cutting steel pipe and I-beams during demolition work. Hydraulic cylinder AB exerts an 18-kN force on the upper jaw.(a) Complete the free body diagram for the
Refer to the exercise of Problem P4.21.(a) Measure the angle of force A directly from the diagram and use it to find the magnitude of the force at hinge B.(b) A design condition is that the force at B should be less than 5 kN. What is the maximum force that a machinist can apply to the handle
Channel-lock pliers hold a round metal bar as a machinist grips the handles with P = 50 N (Figure P4.21). Using the free body diagram shown for the combined lower jaw and upper handle, calculate the force A that is being applied to the bar.Figure P4.21 130 mm 20 mm C B D B, A Bx
A front loader of mass 4.5 Mg is shown in side view as it lifts a 0.75-Mg load of gravel (Figure P4.20).(a) Draw a free body diagram of the front loader.(b) Determine the contact forces between the wheels and the ground.(c) How heavy a load can be carried before the loader will start to tip about
Solve the problem of Example 4.5 by using the force components method.Replace the polar representation of the anchor strap’s tension by the horizontal and vertical components Tx and Ty, and solve for them. Use your solution for Tx and Ty to determine the magnitude T and direction θ of the anchor
Cable AB on the boom truck is hoisting the 2500-lb section of precast concrete (Figure P4.18). A second cable is under tension P, and workers use it to pull and adjust the position of the concrete section as it is being raised.(a) Draw a free body diagram of hook A, treating it as a particle.(b)
A trough of concrete weighs 800 lb (Figure P4.17).(a) Draw a free body diagram of the cable’s ring A.(b) Treating the ring as a particle, determine the tension in cables AB and AC.Figure P4.17 A 30° C B
The mobile boom lift is used in construction and maintenance applications (Figure P4.16). The hydraulic cylinder AB exerts a 10-kN force on joint B that is directed along the cylinder. By using the moment components method, calculate the moment of this force about the lower support point C of the
Gripper C of the industrial robot is accidentally subjected to a 60-lb side load directed perpendicular to BC (Figure P4.15). The lengths of the robot’s links are AB 5 22 in. and BC 5 18 in. By using the moment components method, determine the moment of this force about the center of joint
Two construction workers pull on the control lever of a frozen valve (Figure P4.14). The lever connects to the valve’s stem through the key that fits into partial square grooves on the shaft and handle. Determine the net moment about the center of the shaft.Figure P4.14 200 NA300 N 20° 250 mm
Determine the moment of the 35-lb force about the center A of the hex nut (Figure P4.13).Figure P4.13 6을 in. 24 in. 20° H 35 lb
The spur gear has a pitch radius of 2.5 in. (Figure P4.12). During a geartrain’s operation, a 200-lb meshing force acts at 25° relative to horizontal. Determine the moment of that force about the center of the shaft. Use the(a) Perpendicular lever arm and(b) Moment components methods. Compare
Resulting from a light wind, the air pressure imbalance of 100 Pa acts across the 1.2-m by 2-m surface of the highway sign (Figure P4.11, see on page 172).(a) Calculate the magnitude of the force acting on the sign.(b) Calculate the moment produced about point A on the base of the signpole.Figure
Find a real physical example of a mechanical structure or machine that has a moment acting on it.(a) Make a clear, labeled drawing of the situation.(b) Estimate the dimensions, and the magnitudes and directions of the forces that act on it. Show these on your drawing. Briefl y explain why you
The three forces (magnitudes 100 lb, 200 lb, and P) combine to produce a resultant R (Figure P4.9). The three forces act in known directions, but the numerical value P is unknown.(a) What should the magnitude of P be so that the resultant is as small as possible?(b) For that value, what angle does
Forces of 225 N and 60 N act on the tooth of a spur gear (Figure P4.8). The forces are perpendicular to one another, but they are inclined by 20° relative to the x-y coordinates. Determine the magnitude and direction of their resultant. Use the(a) Vector algebra and(b) Vector polygon
The bucket of an excavator at a construction site is subjected to 1200-lb and 700-lb digging forces at its tip (Figure P4.7). Determine the magnitude and direction of their resultant. Use the(a) Vector algebra and(b) Vector polygon methods.Compare the answers from the two methods to verify the
Three tension rods are bolted to a gusset plate (Figure P4.6, see on page 170). Determine the magnitude and direction of their resultant. Use the(a) Vector algebra and(b) Vector polygon methods.Compare the answers from the two methods to verify the accuracy of your work.Figure P4.6 y 250 lb 400 lb
A hydraulic-lift truck carries a shipping container on the inclined loading ramp in a warehouse (Figure P4.5). The 12-kN and 2-kN forces act on a rear tire as shown in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the ramp.(a) Express the resultant of those two forces as a vector using the unit
A vector polygon for summing 2-kN and 7-kN forces is shown (Figure P4.4). Determine(a) The magnitude R of the resultant by using the law of cosines and(b) Its angle of action by using the law of sines.Figure P4.4 End R 7 kN Start 2 kN 55%
During the power stroke of an internal-combustion engine, the 400-lb pressure force pushes the piston down its cylinder (Figure P4.3). Determine the components of that force in the directions along and perpendicular to the connecting rod AB.Figure P4.3 В Piston Cylinder 15° 400 lb Crankshaft
The cylindrical coordinate robot on a factory’s assembly line is shown in a top view (Figure P4.2). The 50-N force acts on a workpiece being held at the end of the robot’s arm. Express the 50-N force as a vector in terms of unit vectors i and j that are aligned with the x- and y-axes.Figure
In 1995, the Sampoong Department Store collapsed in South Korea, killing 501 people and injuring 937. First believed to be an act of terrorism, investigators later determined that it was the result of poor engineering and construction management. Research this failure and describe how a proper
For the data in Problem P3.41, prepare a graph that charts the relationship between the modulus of elasticity ( y-axis) and unit weight (x axis) using the USCS unit system data. Explain the resulting trend, including a physical explanation of the trend, noting any deviations from the trend.Problem
The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, Poisson’s ratio, and the unit weight for various materials are shown below. The data is given as Material; Modulus of Elasticity, E (Mpsi & GPa); Modulus of Rigidity, G (Mpsi & GPa); Poisson’s Ratio; and Unit Weight (lb/in3, lb /ft3,
Think of some quantity that you encounter in your day-to-day life for which it would be difficult to obtain a highly accurate numerical value but for which an order-of-magnitude approximation can be made. Describe the quantity, make the approximation, and explain and justify the reasonableness of
An automobile assembly plant produces 400 vehicles per day. Make an order-of-magnitude estimate for the weight of the steel needed to make those vehicles. Explain and justify the reasonableness of the assumptions and approximations that you make.
Estimate the size of a square parcel of land that is needed for an airport’s 5000-car parking lot. Include space for the access roadways.
It took the Space Shuttle Orbiter about 90 min to complete one trip around the Earth. Estimate the spacecraft’s orbital velocity in units of mph. Make the approximation that the altitude of the spacecraft (approximately 125 mi) is small when compared to the radius of the Earth (approximately 3950
Make an order-of-magnitude approximation for the volume of gasoline consumed by automobiles each day in the United States by estimating the number of vehicles driven each day, the average distance traveled, and a typical fuel economy rating.
Repeat the exercise of Problem P3.33 for the following systems:(a) The number of baseballs that can fit into your classroom(b) The number of people who are born every day(c) The number of square inches of pizza consumed by students at your university in one semesterProblem P3.33Give numerical
Repeat the exercise of Problem P3.33 for the following systems:In Problem P3.33Give numerical values for order-of-magnitude estimates for the following quantities. Explain and justify the reasonableness of the assumptions and approximations that you need to make.(a) The number of leaves on a mature
Give numerical values for order-of-magnitude estimates for the following quantities. Explain and justify the reasonableness of the assumptions and approximations that you need to make.(a) The number of cars that pass through an intersection of two busy streets during the evening commute on a
Estimate the force acting on a passenger’s window in a commercial jet aircraft due to air pressure differential.
Using the speed given in Problem P3.10, calculate the power required to move the rider in Problem P3.30 up the incline portion of the water slide, where power is the change in energy divided by the time required to traverse the uphill portion.Problem P3.10Uphill water slides are becoming more
Using SI units, calculate the change in potential energy of a 150-lb person riding the 15-ft-long uphill portion of a water slide (as described in Problem P3.10). The change in potential energy is defined as mgDh where Dh is the change in vertical height. The uphill portion of the slide is set at
Perform measurements as described in Problem P3.28 for cantilever beams of several different lengths. Can you show experimentally that, for a given force F, the deflection of the cantilever’s tip is proportional to the cube of its length? As in Problem P3.28, present your results in a table and a
A structure known as a cantilever beam is clamped at one end but free at the other, analogous to a diving board that supports a swimmer standing on it (Figure P3.28). Using the following procedure, conduct an experiment to measure how the cantilever beam bends. In your answer, report only the
Some scientists believe that the collision of one or more large asteroids with the Earth was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. The unit of kiloton is used to describe the energy released during large explosions. It was originally defined as the explosive capability of 1000 tons of
Referring to Problem P3.23 and Table 3.5, if the units for cp and µ are Btu/(slug · °F) and slug/(ft · h), respectively, what must be the USCS units of thermal conductivity in the definition of Pr?Table 3.5Problem P3.23Convection is the process by which warm air rises and cooler air falls. The
Determine which one of the following equations is dimensionally consistent.where F is force, m is mass, x is distance, V is velocity, and t is time. F = }mar° FAV = mAx FAx AV FAt = AV FAV= 2mA? %3| %3D
When fluid flows over a surface, the Reynolds number will output whether the flow is laminar (smooth), transitional, or turbulent. Verify that the Reynolds number is dimensionless using the SI. The Reynolds number is expressed aswhere ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the free stream fluid
Convection is the process by which warm air rises and cooler air falls. The Prandtl number (Pr) is used when mechanical engineers analyze certain heat transfer and convection processes. It is defined by the equationwhere cp is a property of the fluid called the specific heat having the SI units
Heat Q, which has the SI unit of joule (J), is the quantity in mechanical engineering that describes the transit of energy from one location to another. The equation for the flow of heat during the time interval Δt through an insulated wall iswhere k is the thermal conductivity of the material
From Example 3.6, express the sideways deflection of the tip in the units of mils (defined in Table 3.5) when the various quantities are instead known in the USCS. Use the values F = 75 lb, L = 3 in., d = 3⁄16 in., and E = 30 × 106 psi.Table 3.5 Quantity Derived Unit Abbreviation Definition
An automobile engine is advertised as producing a peak power of 118 hp (at an engine speed of 4000 rpm) and a peak torque of 186 ft · lb (at 2500 rpm). Express those performance ratings in the SI units of kW and N · m.
The fuel efficiency of an aircraft’s jet engines is described by the thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC). The TSFC measures the rate of fuel consumption (mass of fuel burned per unit time) relative to the thrust (force) that the engine produces. In that manner, even if an engine consumes more
Referring to the description in Problem P3.16, if the viscosity of water is 0.01 poise, determine the value in terms of the units(a) Slug/(ft · s)(b) kg/(m · s).Problem P3.16The property of a fluid called viscosity is related to its internal friction and resistance to being deformed. The
Referring to the description in Problem P3.16, and given that the viscosity of a certain engine oil is 0.25 kg/(m · s), determine the value in the units (a) Poise and(b) Slug/(ft · s).Problem P3.16The property of a fluid called viscosity is related to its internal friction and resistance to
The property of a fluid called viscosity is related to its internal friction and resistance to being deformed. The viscosity of water, for instance, is less than that of molasses and honey, just as the viscosity of light motor oil is less than that of grease. A unit used in mechanical engineering
The amount of power transmitted by sunlight depends on latitude and the surface area of the solar collector. On a clear day at a certain northern latitude, 0.6 kW/m2 of solar power strikes the ground. Express that value in the alternative USCS unit of (ft · lb/s)/ft2.
Printed on the side of a tire on an all-wheel-drive sport utility wagon is the warning “Do not inflate above 44 psi,” where psi is the abbreviation for the pressure unit pounds per square inch (lb/in2). Express the tire’s maximum pressure rating in(a) The USCS unit of lb/ft2 (psf) and(b) the
Calculate various fuel quantities for Flight 143. The plane already had 7682 L of fuel on board prior to the flight, and the tanks were to be filled so that a total of 22,300 kg were present at takeoff.(a) Using the incorrect conversion factor of 1.77 kg/L, calculate in units of kg the amount of
A robotic-wheeled vehicle that contains science instruments is used to study the geology of Mars. The rover weighs 408 lb on Earth.(a) In the USCS dimensions of slugs and lbm, what is the rover’s mass?(b) What is the weight of the rover as it rolls off the lander’s platform (the lander is the
A brand-new engineering hire is late for her first product development team meeting. She gets out of her car and starts running 8 mph. It is exactly 7:58 a.m., and the meeting starts at exactly 8:00 a.m. Her meeting is 500 yd away. Will she make it on time to the meeting? If so, with how much time
Uphill water slides are becoming more popular at large water parks. Uphill speeds of riders can reach 19 ft/s. Express this speed in mph.
In 1925, the Try-State Tornado ripped a 219-mi path of destruction through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing a record 695 people. The maximum winds in the tornado were 318 mph. Express the wind speed in km/h and in ft/s.
The estimates for the amount of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster were 120–180 million gal. Express this range in L, m3, and ft3.
(a) How many horsepower does a 100-W household lightbulb consume?(b) How many kW does a 5-hp lawn mower engine produce?
A passenger automobile is advertised as having a fuel economy rating of 29 mi/gal for highway driving. Express the rating in the units of km/L.
One U.S. gallon is equivalent to 0.1337 ft3, 1 ft is equivalent to 0.3048 m, and 1000 L are equivalent to 1 m3. By using those definitions, determine the conversion factor between gallons and liters.
A world-class runner can run half a mile in a time of 1 min and 45 s. What is the runner’s average speed in m/s?
The wind power output per unit area swept by the rotor is 2.4 kW/m2. Convert this quantity to the dimensions of hp/ft2.
a. Use two methods to create the vector x having 100 regularly spaced values starting at 5 and ending at 28.b. Use two methods to create the vector x having a regular spacing of 0.2 starting at 2 and ending at 14.c. Use two methods to create the vector x having 50 regularly spaced values starting
Consider the motion of the piston discussed in Example 1.6–1. The piston stroke is the total distance moved by the piston as the crank angle varies from 0° to 180°.a. How does the piston stroke depend on L1 and L2?b. Suppose L2 = 0.5 ft. Use MATLAB to plot the piston motion versus crank angle
a. With what initial speed must you throw a ball vertically for it to reach a height of 20 ft? The ball weighs 1 lb. How does your answer change if the ball weighs 2 lb?b. Suppose you want to throw a steel bar vertically to a height of 20 ft. The bar weighs 2 lb. How much initial speed must the bar
Use the MATLAB Help facilities to determine what happens if you use the exp function with an imaginary argument.
Use the MATLAB Help facilities to determine what happens if you use the sqrt function with a negative argument.
Use the MATLAB Help facilities to nd information about the following topics and symbols: plot, label, cos, cosine, :, and *.
The four-sided gure shown in Figure P26 consists of two triangles having a common side a. The law of cosines for the top triangle states thata2 = b21 + c21 - 2b1c1 cos A1and a similar equation can be written for the bottom triangle. Develop a procedure for computing the length of side c2 if
Afence around a eld is shaped as shown in Figure P25. It consists of a rectangle of length L and width W and a right triangle that is symmetric about the central horizontal axis of the rectangle. Suppose the width W is known (in meters) and the enclosed area A is known (in square meters). Write a
A cycloid is the curve described by a point P on the circumference of a circular wheel of radius r rolling along the x axis. The curve is described in parametric form by the equationsUse these equations to plot the cycloid for r = 10 in. and 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 4π. x = r (4 - sin o) y = r (1 - cos b)
The Fourier series is a series representation of a periodic function in terms of sines and cosines. The Fourier series representation of the functionisPlot on the same graph the function f (x) and its series representation, using the four terms shown. 0
Use MATLAB to plot the functions u = 2 log10(60x + 1) and υ = 3 cos(6x) over the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2. Properly label the plot and each curve. The variables u and represent speed in miles per hour; the variable x represents distance in miles.
Use MATLAB to plot the function T = 6 ln t - 7e0.2t over the interval 1 ≤ t ≤ 3. Put a title on the plot and properly label the axes. The variable T represents temperature in degrees Celsius; the variable t represents time in minutes.
Determine which search path MATLAB uses on your computer. If you use a lab computer as well as a home computer, compare the two search paths. Where will MATLAB look for a user-created M- le on each computer?
Use MATLAB to nd the roots of the polynomial 70 x3 + 24x2 - 10x + 20.
Use MATLAB to nd the roots of 13 x3 + 182x2 - 184x + 2503 = 0.
The Richter scale is a measure of the intensity of an earthquake. The energy E (in joules) released by the quake is related to the magnitude M on the Richter scale as follows.E = 104.4101.5MHow much more energy is released by a magnitude 7.6 quake than a 5.6 quake?
Use MATLAB to calculatea. 6π tan-1(12.5) + 4b. 5 tan [3 sin-1(13/5)]c. 5 ln(7)d. 5 log(7)Check your answers with a calculator.
Use MATLAB to calculatea.b.c.d.Check your answers with a calculator. el-2.1 + 3.47 log(14) + V287
Use MATLAB to determine how many elements are in the array sin(-pi/2):0.05:cos(0). Use MATLAB to determine the 10th element.
Suppose x takes on the values x = 1, 1.2, 1.4, . . . , 5. Use MATLAB to compute the array y that results from the function y = 7 sin(4x). Use MATLAB to determine how many elements are in the array y and the value of the third element in the array y.
The ideal gas law relates the pressure P, volume V, absolute temperature T, and amount of gas n. The law isP = nRT/Vwhere R is the gas constant.An engineer must design a large natural gas storage tank to be expandable to maintain the pressure constant at 2.2 atm. In December when the temperature is
The ideal gas law provides one way to estimate the pressure exerted by a gas in a container. The law isMore accurate estimates can be made with the van der Waals equationwhere the term nb is a correction for the volume of the molecules and the term an2/V2 is a correction for molecular attractions.
Evaluate the following expressions in MATLAB, for the values x = 5 + 8i, y = -6 + 7i. Check your answers by hand.a. u = x + yb. v = xyc. w = x/yd. z = exe. r = √yf. s = xy2
Use MATLAB to compute the following. Check your answers by hand.a. (3 + 6i)(-7 -9i)b. 5 + 4i/5 – 4ic. 3i/2d. 3/2i
Suppose that x = -7 - 5i and y = 4 + 3i. Use MATLAB to computea. x + yb. xyc. x/y
The volume of a sphere is given by V = 4πr3/3, where r is the radius. Use MATLAB to compute the radius of a sphere having a volume 40 percent greater than that of a sphere of radius 4 ft.
Use MATLAB to calculatea.b.c.Check your answers with a calculator. 3 45 (6) (7) 4 73 - 145
Assuming that the variables a, b, c, d, and f are scalars, write MATLAB statements to compute and display the following expressions. Test your statements for the values a = 1.12, b = 2.34, c = 0.72, d = 0.81, and f = 19.83. a b - a x = 1 + b d - c 1 1f y = ab с 2 r = d +루 +무
Evaluate the following expressions in MATLAB for the given value of x. Check your answers by hand.a. y = 6x3 + 4/x, x = 3b. y = x/4 3, x = 7c. y = (4x)2/25, x = 9d. y = 2sinx/5, x = 4e. y = 7(x1/3) + 4x0.58, x = 30
Suppose that x = 3 and y = 4. Use MATLAB to compute the following, and check the results with a calculator.a.b. 3xπ2c.d. -1 (1)
Suppose that x = 2 and y = 5. Use MATLAB to compute the following.a. yx3/x - yb. 3x/2yc. 3/2xyd. x5/x5 - 1
Make sure you know how to start and quit a MATLAB session. Use MATLAB to make the following calculations, using the values x = 10, y = 3. Check the results by using a calculator.a. u = x + yb. v = xyc. w = x/yd. z = sin xe. r = 8 sin yf. s = 5 sin (2y)
Express your height in the units of inches, feet, and meters.
Express your weight in the units of pounds and newtons, and your mass in the units of slugs and kilograms.
Three concepts for the drive mechanism in a mousetrap-powered vehicle are described in Section 2.4. Develop another concept, prepare several sketches, and write a brief description of it.
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