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applied fluid mechanics
Questions and Answers of
Applied Fluid Mechanics
In an existing installation, SAE 10 oil (sg = 0.89) must be carried in a DN 80 Schedule 40 steel pipe at the rate of 850 L/min. Efficient operation of a certain process requires that the Reynolds
Determine the smallest metric hydraulic copper tube size that will carry 4 L/min of the following fluids while maintaining laminar flow:(a) Water at 40°C,(b) Gasoline (sg = 0.68) 25°C,(c) Ethyl
Calculate the Reynolds number for the flow of each of the following fluids in a 2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe if the volume flow rate is 0.25 ft3/s:(a) Water at 60°F,(b) Acetone at 77°F,(c) Castor
Calculate the maximum volume flow rate of fuel oil at 45°C at which the flow will remain laminar in a DN 100 Schedule 80 steel pipe. For the fuel oil, use sg = 0.895 and dynamic viscosity = 4.0 ×
Calculate the minimum velocity of flow in ft/s of water at 160°F in a 2-in steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.065 in for which the flow is turbulent.
A 4-in-ductile iron pipe carries 0.20 ft3/s of glycerin (sg = 1.26) at 100F. Is the flow laminar or turbulent?
A horizontal pipe carries oil with a specific gravity of 0.83. If two pressure gages along the pipe read 74.6 psig and 62.2 psig, respectively, calculate the energy loss between the two gages.
Water at 40°F is flowing downward through the fabricated reducer shown in Fig. 7.11. At point A the velocity is 10 ft/s and the pressure is 60 psig. The energy loss between points A and B is 25
Find the volume flow rate of water exiting from the tank shown in Fig. 7.12. The tank is sealed with a pressure of 140 kPa above the water. There is an energy loss of 2.0 Nm / N as the
A long DN 150 Schedule 40 steel pipe discharges 0.085 m3/s of water from a reservoir into the atmosphere as shown in Fig. 7.13. Calculate the energy loss in the pipe.
Figure 7.14 shows a setup to determine the energy loss due to a certain piece of apparatus. The inlet is through a 2-in Schedule 40 pipe and the outlet is a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe. Calculate the
A test setup to determine the energy loss as water flows through a valve is shown in Fig. 7.15. Calculate the energy loss if 0.10 ft3/s of water at 40°F is flowing. Also calculate the resistance
The setup shown in Fig. 7.16 is being used to measure the energy loss across a valve. The velocity of flow of the oil is 1.2 m/s. Calculate the value of K if the energy loss is expressed as K(v2/2g).
A pump is being used to transfer water from an open tank to one that has air at 500 kPa above the water, as shown in Fig. 7.17. If 2250 L/min is being pumped, calculate the power delivered by the
In Problem 7.8 (Fig. 7.17), if the left-hand tank is also sealed and air pressure above the water is 68 kPa, calculate the pump power.In ProblemA pump is being used to transfer water from an open
A creek runs through a certain part of a campus where the water is falling about 2.5 m over a distance of just 8 m, and the creek before and after the fall is about 3 m wide. The sustainability club
A hot tub is to have 40 outlets that are each 8 mm in diameter with water exiting at 7 m/s. Treating each of the outlets as if they are at the surface of the water and exit into atmospheric pressure,
A large chipper/shredder is to be designed for use by commercial tree trimming companies. It would be mounted on a trailer to pull behind a large truck. The rotating blades of the unit protrude from
Table 6.2 lists the range of typical volume flow rates for pumps in industrial oil hydraulic systems to be 3 to 30 gal/min. Express this range in the units of ft3/s and m3/s. Flow rate (m³/h) Type
Gasoline (sg = 0.67) is flowing at 4.0 ft3/s in the fabricated reducer shown in Fig. 6.34. If the pressure before the reduction is 60 psig, calculate the pressure in the 3-indiameter section.
A pressure washer available to home owners lists 1300 psi and 2 gpm among its specifications. We know, however, that the actual pressure of the water is atmospheric (0 gage) once it exits the nozzle.
Compute the time required to empty the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 if the original depth is 2.68 m. The tank diameter is 3.00 m and the orifice diameter is 150 mm. dh
Oil with a specific weight of 55.0 lb / ft3 flows from A to B through the system shown in Fig. 6.35. Calculate the volume flow rate of the oil.
A liquid refrigerant (sg = 1.08) is flowing at a weight flow rate of 28.5 N/h. Calculate the volume flow rate and the mass flow rate.
Water flows at 1.20 m/s in a circular section with a 150 mm inside diameter. Calculate the velocity of flow in a 300-mm-diameter section connected to it.
A standard steel tube, 1.5 25-mm OD × 1.5-mm wall (Appendix G.2), is carrying 19.7 L/min of oil. Calculate the velocity of flow.
Compute the resulting velocity of flow if 400 L/min of fluid flows through a DN 50 Schedule 40 pipe.
Repeat Problem 6.49 for a DN 50 Schedule 80 pipe.Repeat ProblemCompute the resulting velocity of flow if 400 L/min of fluid flows through a DN 50 Schedule 40 pipe.
Compute the resulting velocity of flow if 400 gal/min of fluid flows through a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe.
Repeat Problem 6.51 for a 4-in Schedule 80 pipe.Repeat ProblemCompute the resulting velocity of flow if 400 gal/min of fluid flows through a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe.
A standard 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe is carrying 95 gal/min of water. The pipe then branches into two standard 3-in pipes. If the flow divides evenly between the branches, calculate the velocity of
A flow nozzle, shown in Fig. 6.18, is used to measure the velocity of flow. If the nozzle is installed inside a 14-in Schedule 40 pipe and the nozzle diameter is 4.60 in, compute the velocity of flow
Gasoline (sg = 0.67) is flowing at 0.11 m3/s in the fabricated tube shown in Fig. 6.19. If the pressure before the contraction is 415 kPa, calculate the pressure in the smaller tube. 415 kPa Flow
Water at 10°C is flowing from point A to point B through the fabricated section shown in Fig. 6.20 at the rate of 0.37 m3/s. If the pressure at A is 66.2 kPa, calculate the pressure at B.Figure
Kerosene with a specific weight of 50.0 lb/ft3 is flowing at 10 gal/min from a standard 1-in Schedule 40 steel pipe to a standard 2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe. Calculate the difference in pressure in
For the tank shown in Fig. 6.25, calculate the volume flow rate of water from the nozzle. The tank is sealed with a pressure of 20 psig above the water. The depth h is 8 ft. Air under pressure Water
Calculate the pressure of the air in the sealed tank shown in Fig. 6.25 that would cause the velocity of flow to be 20 ft/s from the nozzle. The depth h is 10 ft. Air under pressure Water 3-in
For the siphon in Fig. 6.26, calculate (a) the volume flow rate of water through the nozzle and (b) the pressure at points A and B. The distances X = 4.6 m and Y = 0.90 m. +B Water х 50-mm OD - x
For the siphon in Fig. 6.26, calculate the distance X required to obtain a volume flow rate of 7.1 Ã 10-3m3/s. +B Water х 50-mm OD x 1.5-mm wall 25-mm diameter A+
For the siphon in Fig. 6.26, assume that the volume flow rate is 5.6 × 10-3 m3/s. Determine the maximum allowable distance Y if the minimum allowable pressure in the system is -18 kPa (gage).
For the siphon shown in Fig. 6.27, calculate (a) the volume flow rate of oil from the tank and (b) the pressures at points A, B, C, and D. +B 3,0 m Oil (sg - 0.86) 10.0 m 50-mm OD x 15-mm wall 25-mm
For the special fabricated reducer shown in Fig. 6.28, the pressure at A is 50.0 psig and the pressure at B is 42.0 psig. Calculate the velocity of flow of water at point B. Flow 1-in inside diameter
In the fabricated enlargement shown in Fig. 6.29, the pressure at A is 25.6 psig and the pressure at B is 28.2 psig. Calculate the volume flow rate of oil (sg = 0.90). Direction of flow 5-in inside
Figure 6.30 shows a manometer being used to indicate the pressure difference between two points in a fabricated system. Calculate the volume flow rate of water in the system if the manometer
For the venturi meter shown in Fig. 6.30, calculate the manometer deflection h if the velocity of flow of water in the 25-mm-diameter section is 10 m/s. Direction of flow 25-mm diameter 50-mm
Oil with a specific weight of 8.64 kN/m3flows from A to B through the special fabricated system shown in Fig. 6.31. Calculate the volume flow rate of oil. 50-mm inside diameter 600 mm Flow 100-mm
The venturi meter shown in Fig. 6.32 carries oil (sg = 0.90). The specific gravity of the gage fluid in the manometer is 1.40. Calculate the volume flow rate of oil. 75-mm inside diameter Flow 0.25 m
Oil with a specific gravity of 0.90 is flowing downward through the venturi meter shown in Fig. 6.33. If the manometer deflection h is 28 in, calculate the volume flow rate of oil. 4-in inside
Oil with a specific gravity of 0.90 is flowing downward through the venturi meter shown in Fig. 6.33. If the velocity of flow in the 2-in-diameter section is 10.0 ft/s, calculate the deflection h of
Draw a plot of elevation head, pressure head, velocity head, and total head for the siphon system shown in Fig. 6. 27 and analyzed in Problem 6.72.Problem 6.72For siphon shown in Fig. 6.27, calculate
Draw a plot of eleveation head, pressure head, velocity head, and total head for the fabricated reducer shown in Fig. 6.28 and analyzed in Problem 6.73.Problem 6.73For the special fabricated reducer
Figure 6.36 shows a system in which water flows from a tank through a pipe system having several sizes and elevations. For points A-G, compute the elevation head, the pressure had, the velocity head,
Figure 6.37 shows a venturi meter with a U-tube manometer to measure the velocity of flow. When no flow occurs, the mercury column is balanced and its top is 300 mm below throat. Compute the volume
For the tank shown in Fig. 6.38, compute the velocity of flow from the outlet nozzle at varying depths from 10.0 ft to 2.0 ft in 2.0-ft increments. Then, use increments of 0.5 ft to zero. Plot the
What depth of fluid above the outlet nozzle is required to deliver 200 gal/min of water from the tank shown in Fig. 6.37? The nozzle has a 3-in diameter.Figure 6.37 -D, - 75-mm diameter D,- 25-mm
Derive Torricelli's theorem for the velocity of flow from a tank through an orifice opening into the atmosphere under a given depth of fluid.
Solve Problem 6.88 using the direct application of torricelli's theorem.What depth of fluid above the outlet nozzle is required to deliver 200 gal/min of water from the tank shown in Fig. 6.37? The
To what height will the jet of fluid rise for the conditions shown in Fig. 6.39? Jet 2.60 m 75 mm 0.85 m
To what height will the jet of water rise for the conditions shown in Fig. 6.40? p= 12.0 psig Jet 3.50 ft 3 in 9 in
What pressure is required above the water in Fig. 6.12 to cause the jet to rise to 28.0 ft? The water depth is 4.50 ft. h
What pressure is required above the water in Fig. 6.13 to cause the jet to rise to 9.50 m? The water depth is 1.50 m. 40.0 ft Air pressure h = 6.0 ft
Compute the time required to empty the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 if the original depth is 55 mm. The tank diameter is 300 mm and the orifice diameter is 20 mm. dh
Compute the time required to empty the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 if the original depth is 15 ft. The tank diameter is 12 ft and the orifice diameter is 6 in. dh
Compute the time required to empty the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 if the original depth is 18.5 in. The tank diameter is 22.0 in and the orifice diameter is 0.50 in. dh
Compute the time required to reduce the depth in the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 by 1.50 m if the original depth is 2.68 m. The tank diameter is 2.25 m and the orifice diameter is 50 mm. dh
Compute the time required to reduce the depth in the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 by 225 mm if the original depth is 1.38 m. The tank diameter is 1.25 m and the orifice diameter is 25 mm. dh
Compute the time required to reduce the depth in the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 by 12.5 in if the original depth is 38 in. The tank diameter is 6.25 ft and the orifice diameter is 0.625 in. dh
Compute the time required to reduce the depth in the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 by 21.0 ft if the original depth is 23.0 ft. The tank diameter is 46.5 ft and the orifice diameter is 8.75 in. dh
Repeat Problem 6.97 if the tank is sealed and a pressure of 5.0 psig is above the water in the tank.Repeat ProblemCompute the time required to empty the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 if the original depth
Repeat Problem 6.101 if the tank is sealed and a pressure of 2.8 psig is above the water in the tank.Repeat ProblemCompute the time required to reduce the depth in the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 by 12.5
Repeat Problem 6.96 if the tank is sealed and a pressure of 20 kPa(gage) is above the water in the tank.Repeat ProblemCompute the time required to empty the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 if the original
Repeat Problem 6.100 if the tank is sealed and a pressure of 35 kPa(gage) is above the water in the tank.Repeat ProblemCompute the time required to reduce the depth in the tank shown in Fig. 6.14 by
A village currently carries water by hand from a lake that is 1200 m from the village center. It is later determined that the surface of the lake is 3 m above the elevation of the village, so someone
A “spa tub” is to be designed to replace bath tubs in renovations. There are to be 6 outlet nozzles, each with a diameter of 12 mm, and each should have an outlet velocity of 12 m/s. What is the
A simple soft drink system relies on pressurized CO2to force the soft drink (sg = 1.08) from its tank sitting on the floor up to the outlet where cups are filled. Determine the required CO2pressure
A concept team for a toy company is considering a new squirt gun. They have an idea for one that could shoot a vertical stream to a height 7 m from a 5-mm-diameter nozzle. People like squirt guns
Bernoullis principle applies to Venturi tubes that are used in many practical devices such as air brush painters, vacuum systems, carburetors, water bed drains and
A decorative fountain for a corporate world headquarters is to be designed to shoot a stream of water straight up in the air. If the designers would like the fountain to reach at least 50 ft into the
You are to develop a mixing valve for use in a dairy processing facility. The rated output of the valve is to be 10 gal/min of chocolate milk. There will be two separate input lines, one for milk and
While maneuvering at the scene of a fire, a truck accidently backs over a fire hydrant and breaks it. The diameter of the water line to the hydrant is 6 in, but due to internal plumbing, the
You would like to empty the in-ground pool in the back yard but the drain at the bottom of the pool is no longer functional. Given the dimensions in Fig. 6.43, determine the flow rate from the pool
For the system shown in Fig. 6.24, calculate (a) the volume flow rate of oil from the nozzle and (b) the pressures at A and B. Oil 3,0 m (sg = 0.85) 35-mm diameter 120-mm OD x 3.5-mm wall Flow B+ FA+
For the system shown in Fig. 6.23, calculate (a) the volume flow rate of water from the nozzle and (b) the pressure at point A. 2.4 m Water 3.6 m 160-mm OD 50-mm diameter x 5.5-mm wall Flow
Calculate the pressure required in the larger section just ahead of the nozzle in Fig. 6.22 to produce a jet velocity of 75 ft/s. The fluid is water at 180°F. 1.0-in diameter Hlow 0.75-in diameter
Calculate the volume flow rate of water at 5°C through the system shown in Fig. 6.21. 35-mm diameter Flow 3.65 m 80-mm OD x 2.8-mm wal l steel tube 565 kPa
A venturi meter is a device that uses a constriction in a flow system to measure the velocity of flow. Figure 6.17 illustrates one type of design. If the main pipe section is a standard hydraulic
Use Fig. 6.3 to specify suitable Schedule 40 pipe sizes for carrying the given volume fl ow rate of water in the suction line and in the discharge line of a pumped distribution system. Select the
Use Fig. 6.3 to specify suitable Schedule 40 pipe sizes for carrying the given volume fl ow rate of water in the suction line and in the discharge line of a pumped distribution system. Select the
Use Fig. 6.3 to specify suitable Schedule 40 pipe sizes for carrying the given volume fl ow rate of water in the suction line and in the discharge line of a pumped distribution system. Select the
From the list of standard hydraulic steel tubing in Appendix G.2, select the smallest size that would carry 2.80 L/min of oil with a maximum velocity of 0.30 m/s.
Repeat Problem 6.47, but use Schedule 80 DN pipe. Repeat Problem Table 6.2 shows the typical volume flow rate for centrifugal fire-fighting pumps is in the range of 1800 L/min to 9500 L/min. Specify
Table 6.2 shows the typical volume flow rate for centrifugal fire-fighting pumps is in the range of 1800 L/min to 9500 L/min. Specify the smallest suitable DN size of Schedule 40 steel pipe for each
Repeat Problem 6.45, except specify suitable sizes for the suction lines to maintain the velocity between 2.0 ft/s and 7.0 ft/s for 30 gal/min of flow.Repeat ProblemThe recommended velocity of flow
The recommended velocity of flow in the discharge line of an oil hydraulic system is in the range of 8.0 to 25.0 ft/s. If the pump delivers 30 gal/min of oil, specify the smallest and largest
If water at 180 F is flowing with a velocity of 4.50 ft/s in a standard 6-in Schedule 40 pipe, calculate the weight flow rate in lb/h.
A standard Schedule 40 steel pipe is to be selected to carry 10 gal/min of water with a maximum velocity of 1.0 ft/s. What size pipe should be used?
Figure 6.16 shows a fabricated assembly made from three different sizes of standard steel tubing listed in Appendix G.2. The larger tube on the left carries 0.072 m3/s of water. The tee branches into
When 2000 L/min of water flows through a circular section with an inside diameter of 300 mm that later reduces to a 150-mm diameter, calculate the average velocity of flow in each section.
If the velocity of a liquid is 1.65 ft/s in a special pipe with an inside diameter of 12 in, what is the velocity in a 3-indiameter jet exiting from a nozzle attached to the pipe?
Calculate the diameter of a pipe that would carry 75.0 ft3/ s of a liquid at an average velocity of 10.0 ft/s.
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