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applied fluid mechanics

Questions and Answers of Applied Fluid Mechanics

A pump is used to transport water at $72^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ from tank A to tank B at a rate of $200 \mathrm{gpm}$. Both tanks are vented to the atmosphere. Tank A is $6 \mathrm{ft}$ above the ground
A pipeline carrying gasoline ( $\mathrm{SG}=0.72, \mu=0.7 \mathrm{cP}$ ) is 5 miles long and is made of 6 in. $\mathrm{Sch} .40$ commercial steel pipe. The line contains $2490^{\circ}$ elbows, 2 open
A water tower supplies water to a small community of 800 homes. The level of the water in the tank is $120 \mathrm{ft}$ above ground level, and the water main from the tower to the housing area is 1
A 12 in. Sch. 40 pipe, $60 \mathrm{ft}$ long, discharges water at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ pressure from a reservoir. The pipe is horizontal, and the outlet is $12 \mathrm{ft}$ below the surface of the
Crude oil with a viscosity of $12.5 \mathrm{cP}$ and $\mathrm{SG}=0.88$ is to be pumped through a $12 \mathrm{in}$. Sch. 30 commercial steel pipe at a rate of $1900 \space \mathrm{bbl} \space
A pipeline to carry crude oil at a rate of 1 million bbl/day is constructed with $50 \mathrm{in}$. ID pipe, and it is 700 miles long. It contains the equivalent of 70 gate valves but no other
You are building a pipeline to transport crude oil $(\mathrm{SG}=0.8$, viscosity $=30 \mathrm{cP})$ from a seaport over a mountain to a tank farm. The top of the mountain is $3000 \mathrm{ft}$ above
You want to siphon water from an open tank using a hose. The discharge end of the hose is $10 \mathrm{ft}$ below the level of the water in the tank. The minimum allowable pressure in the hose for
A liquid is draining from a cylindrical vessel through a tube in the bottom of the vessel, as illustrated in Figure P7.45. The liquid has a specific gravity of 1.2 and a viscosity of $2 \mathrm{cP}$.
Water from a lake is flowing over a concrete spillway at a rate of $100,000 \mathrm{gpm}$. The spillway is $100 \mathrm{ft}$ wide and is inclined at an angle of $30^{\circ}$ to the vertical. If the
A pipeline composed of $1500 \mathrm{ft}$ of $6 \mathrm{in}$. Sch. 40 pipe containing $2590^{\circ}$ elbows and 4 open gate valves carries oil with a viscosity of $35 \mathrm{cP}$ and
Water is pumped at a rate of $500 \mathrm{gpm}$ through a $10 \mathrm{in}$. ID pipeline, $50 \mathrm{ft}$ long, with both entrance and exit from the pipe at ground level. The line contains two
Water at $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ is flowing in a film down outside a $4 \mathrm{in}$. ID vertical tube at a rate of $1 \mathrm{gpm}$. What is the thickness of the film?
What diameter pipe would be required to transport a liquid with a viscosity of $1 \mathrm{cP}$ and a density of $1 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ at a rate of $1500 \mathrm{gpm}$, the length of the
The ETSI pipeline was designed to carry coal slurry from Wyoming to Texas at a rate of $30 \times 10^{6}$ tons/year. The slurry behaves like a Bingham plastic, with a yield stress of $100
A mud slurry is being drained from a tank through a $50 \mathrm{ft}$ long plastic hose. The hose has an elliptical cross section with a major axis of $4 \mathrm{in}$. and a minor axis of $2
A $90^{\circ}$ threaded elbow attached to the end of a 3 in. Sch. 40 pipe, and a reducer with an inside diameter of $1 \mathrm{in}$. is threaded into the elbow. If water is pumped through the pipe
A continuous flow reactor vessel contains a liquid reacting mixture with a density of $0.85 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ and a viscosity of $7 \mathrm{cP}$ at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ pressure. Near the
A pipeline has been proposed to transport a coal slurry 1200 miles from Wyoming to Texas, at a rate of 50 million tons/year, through a 36 in. diameter pipeline. The coalslurry has the properties of a
The pressure developed by a centrifugal pump for Newtonian liquids that are not highly viscous depends upon the liquid density, the impeller diameter, the rotational speed, and the volumetric flow
The propeller of a speed boat is $1 \mathrm{ft}$ in diameter and is $1 \mathrm{ft}$ below the surface of the water. At what speed (rpm) will cavitation occur at the propeller? Water density $=64
You must specify a pump to be used to transport water at a rate of $5000 \mathrm{gpm}$ through 10 miles of 18 in. sch 40 pipe. The friction loss in valves and fittings is equivalent to $10 %$ of the
You must select a centrifugal pump that will develop a pressure of $40 \mathrm{psi}$ when pumping a liquid with an SG of 0.88 at a rate of $300 \mathrm{gpm}$. From all the pump characteristic curves
An oil with a $32.6^{\circ} \mathrm{API}$ gravity at $60^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ is to be transferred from a storage tank to a process unit, that is $10 \mathrm{ft}$ above the tank, at a rate of $200
You must purchase a centrifugal pump to circulate cooling water that will deliver $5000 \mathrm{gpm}$ at a pressure of $150 \mathrm{psi}$. If the pump is driven by an $1800 \mathrm{rpm}$ motor, what
In order to pump a fluid of $\mathrm{SG}=0.9$ at a rate of $1000 \mathrm{gpm}$ through a piping system, a hydraulic power of $60 \mathrm{hp}$ is required. Determine the required pump head, the torque
From your prior analysis of pumping requirements for a water circulating system, you have determined that a pump capable of delivering $500 \mathrm{gpm}$ at a pressure of $60 \mathrm{psi}$ is
You want to pump water at $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ from an open well, $200 \mathrm{ft}$ deep, at a rate of $30 \mathrm{gpm}$ through a $1 \mathrm{in}$. sch 40 pipe, using a centrifugal pump having an
Steam condensate at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ and $95^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(P_{\mathrm{v}}=526 \mathrm{mmHg}\right)$ is returned to a boiler from the condenser by a centrifugal boiler feed pump. The flow
Water at $160^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ is to be pumped at a rate of $100 \mathrm{gpm}$ through a 2 in. sch 80 steel pipe from one tank to another located $100 \mathrm{ft}$ directly above the first. The
A pump with a 1 in. diameter suction line is used to pump water from an open hot water well at a rate of $15 \mathrm{gpm}$. The water temperature is $90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, with a vapor pressure of
Hot water is to be pumped out of an underground geothermally heated aquifer located $500 \mathrm{ft}$ below ground level. The temperature and pressure in the aquifer are $325^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and
You must install a centrifugal pump to transfer a volatile liquid from a remote tank to a point in the plant $500 \mathrm{ft}$ from the tank. To minimize the distance that the power line to the pump
It is necessary to pump water at $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\left(P_{\mathrm{v}}=0.35 \mathrm{psia}\right)$ from a well that is $150 \mathrm{ft}$ deep, at a flow rate of $25 \mathrm{gpm}$. You do not have
You must select a pump to transfer an organic liquid with a viscosity of $5 \mathrm{cP}$ and $\mathrm{SG}$ of 0.87 at a rate of $1000 \mathrm{gpm}$ through a piping system that contains $1000
You need a pump that will develop at least $40 \mathrm{psi}$ at a flow rate of $300 \mathrm{gpm}$ of water. What combination of pump size, motor speed, and impeller diameter from the pump
A centrifugal pump takes water from a well at $120^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ (vapor pressure $P_{\mathrm{v}}=87.8 \mathrm{mmHg}$ ) and delivers it at a rate of $50 \mathrm{gpm}$ through a piping system to
Water at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is pumped at a rate of $300 \mathrm{gpm}$ from an open well in which the water level is $100 \mathrm{ft}$ below ground level into a storage tank that is $80
An organic fluid is to be pumped at a rate of $300 \mathrm{gpm}$, from a distillation column reboiler to a storage tank. The liquid in the reboiler is $3 \mathrm{ft}$ above ground level, the storage
A liquid with a viscosity of $5 \mathrm{cP}$, density of $45 \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{m}} / \mathrm{ft}^{3}$, and vapor pressure of $20 \mathrm{psia}$ is transported from a storage tank in which the
You must determine the specifications for a pump to transport water at $60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ from one tank to another at a rate of $200 \mathrm{gpm}$. The pressure in the upstream tank is $1
A piping system for transporting a liquid ( $\mu=50 \mathrm{cP}, ho=0.85 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ from vessel A to vessel B) consists of $650 \mathrm{ft}$ of $3 \mathrm{in}$. sch 40 commercial
You must choose a centrifugal pump to pump a coal slurry. You have determined that the pump must deliver $200 \mathrm{gpm}$ at a pressure of at least $35 \mathrm{psi}$. Given the pump characteristic
You must specify a pump to take an organic stream from a distillation reboiler to a storage tank. The liquid has a viscosity of $5 \mathrm{cP}$, an $\mathrm{SG}$ of 0.78 , and a vapor pressure of
You have to select a pump to transfer benzene from the reboiler of a distillation column to a storage tank at a rate of $250 \mathrm{gpm}$. The reboiler pressure is $15 \mathrm{psig}$ and the
A circulating pump takes hot water at $85^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ from a storage tank, circulates it through a piping system at a rate of $150 \mathrm{gpm}$, and discharges it to the atmosphere. The tank
A slurry pump must be selected to transport a coal slurry at a rate of $250 \mathrm{gpm}$ from an open storage tank to a rotary drum filter operating at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$. The slurry is $40 %$ solids
A red mud slurry residue from a bauxite processing plant is to be pumped from the plant to a disposal pond at a rate of $1000 \mathrm{gpm}$, through a $6 \mathrm{in}$. ID pipeline that is $2500
A pipeline is installed to transport a red mud slurry from an open tank in an alumina plant to a disposal pond. The line is 5 in. sch 80 commercial steel, 12,000 ft long, and is designed to transport
Calculate the work per pound of gas required to compress air from $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and 1 atm to $2000 \mathrm{psi}$ with an $80 %$ efficient compressor under the following conditions:(a)
It is desired to compress ethylene gas $\left[\mathrm{MW}=28, k=1.3, c_{p}=0.357 \mathrm{Btu} /\left(\mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{m}}{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\right]$ from $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ and
You have a requirement to compress natural gas $(k=1.3, \mathrm{MW}=18)$ from $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ to 5000 psig. Calculate the work required to do this per pound of gas in a
Air is to be compressed from $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ to 2000 psia. Calculate the work required to do this per pound of air using the following methods:(a) A single-stage $80 %$
It is desired to compress $1000 \mathrm{scfm}$ of air from $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ to $10 \mathrm{~atm}$. Calculate the total horsepower required if the compressor efficiency is
You want to compress air from $1 \mathrm{~atm}, 70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, to $2000 \mathrm{psig}$, using a staged compressor with interstage cooling to $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$. The maximum compression
A $12 \mathrm{in}$. ID gas pipeline carries methane (molecular weight $(M=16)$ at a rate of $20,000 \mathrm{scfm}$. The gas enters the line at a pressure of $500 \mathrm{psia}$, and a compressor
Natural gas $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\right)$ is transported through a $6 \mathrm{in}$. ID pipeline at a rate of $10,000 \mathrm{scfm}$. The compressor stations are 150 miles apart, and the compressor
Natural gas (methane) is transported through a 20 in. sch 40 commercial steel pipeline at a rate of $30,000 \mathrm{scfm}$. The gas enters the line from a compressor at $100 \mathrm{psia}$ and
Natural gas (methane) is transported through an uninsulated 6 in. ID commercial steel pipeline, 1 mile long. The inlet pressure is 100 psia and the outlet pressure is $1 \mathrm{~atm}$. What is the
It is desired to transfer natural gas $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\right)$ at a pressure of $200 \mathrm{psia}$ and a flow rate of $1000 \mathrm{scfs}$ through a 1 mile long uninsulated commercial steel
A natural gas (methane) pipeline is designed to transport the gas at a rate of $5000 \mathrm{scfm}$. The pipe is $6 \mathrm{in}$. ID and the maximum pressure that the compressors can develop is $1500
Ethylene gas leaves a compressor at a pressure of $3500 \mathrm{psig}$ and is carried in a $2 \mathrm{in}$. sch 40 pipeline, $100 \mathrm{ft}$ long, to a unit where the pressure is $500
A $12 \mathrm{in}$. ID natural gas (methane) pipeline carries gas at a rate of $20,000 \mathrm{scfm}$. The compressor stations are 100 miles apart, and the discharge pressure of the compressors is
The pressure in a reactor fluctuates between 10 and $30 \mathrm{psig}$. It is necessary to feed air to the reactor at a constant rate of $20 \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{m}} / \mathrm{h}$ from an air supply
Oxygen is fed to a reactor at a constant rate of $10 \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{m}} / \mathrm{s}$ from a storage tank in which the pressure is constant at $100 \mathrm{psig}$ and the temperature is
Methane is fed to a reactor at a rate of $10 \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{m}} / \mathrm{min}$. The methane is available in a pipeline at $20 \mathrm{psia}, 70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, but the pressure in the
Ethylene gas ( $\mathrm{MW}=28, k=1.3, \mu=0.1 \mathrm{cP}$ ) at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ is fed to a reaction vessel from a compressor through $100 \mathrm{ft}$ of $2 \mathrm{in}$. sch 40 pipe
Nitrogen is fed from a high-pressure cylinder through $1 \frac{1}{4}$ ID stainless steel tubing, to an experimental unit. The line ruptures at a point that is $10 \mathrm{ft}$ from the cylinder. If
A storage tank contains ethylene at $200 \mathrm{psig}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$. If a $1 \mathrm{in}$. ID line that is $6 \mathrm{ft}$ long containing a globe valve on the end is attached to the
A 2 in. sch 40 pipeline is connected to a storage tank containing ethylene at $100 \mathrm{psig}$ and $80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.(a) If the pipe breaks at a distance of $50 \mathrm{ft}$ from the tank,
Saturated steam at $200 \mathrm{psig}\left(388^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right.$, specific volume, $\left.u=2.13 \mathrm{ft}^{3} / \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{m}}, \mu=0.015 \mathrm{cP}\right)$ is fed from a
Air is flowing from a tank at a pressure of $200 \mathrm{psia}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ through a venturi meter into another tank at a pressure of 50 psia. The venturi meter is mounted in a 6 ID
A tank containing air at $100 \mathrm{psia}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ is punctured with a hole $1 \frac{1}{4} \mathrm{in}$. diameter. What is the mass flow rate of the air through the hole?
A pressurized tank containing nitrogen at 800 psig is fitted with a globe valve, to which is attached a line with $10 \mathrm{ft}$ of $1 / 4$ ID stainless steel tubing and three standard elbows. The
Gaseous chlorine $(\mathrm{M}=71)$ is transferred from a high-pressure storage tank at 500 psia and $60^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, through an insulated $2 \mathrm{in}$. sch 40 pipe $200 \mathrm{ft}$ long,
A storage tank contains ethylene at a pressure of $200 \mathrm{psig}$ and a temperature of $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ springs a leak. If the hole through which the gas is leaking is $1 / 2$ in.
A high-pressure cylinder containing $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ at $200 \mathrm{psig}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ is connected by $1 / 4 \mathrm{in}$. ID stainless steel tubing, $20 \mathrm{ft}$ long, to a
Oxygen is supplied to an astronaut through an umbilical hose that is $7 \mathrm{~m}$ long. The pressure in the oxygen tank is $200 \mathrm{kPa}$ at a temperature of $10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, and the
Ethylene ( $\mathrm{MW}=28)$ is transported from a storage tank, at $250 \mathrm{psig}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, to a compressor station where the suction pressure is $100 \mathrm{psig}$. The
Air passes from a large reservoir at $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ through an isentropic converging-diverging nozzle into the atmosphere. The area of the nozzle throat is $1 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}$, and that of
Air is fed from a reservoir through a converging-diverging nozzle into a $1 / 2 \mathrm{in}$. ID drawn steel tube that is $15 \mathrm{ft}$ long. The flow in the tube is adiabatic, and the reservoir
A gas storage cylinder contains nitrogen at $250 \mathrm{psig}$ and $70^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$. Attached to the cylinder is a 3 in. long $1 / 4$ in. sch 40 stainless steel pipe nipple, and attached to
A compressor supplies natural gas (mainly $\mathrm{CH}_{4}$ ) to a pipeline. The compressor suction pressure is 20 psig and the discharge pressure is $1000 \mathrm{psig}$. The pipe is $5
You have to feed a gaseous reactant to a reactor at a constant rate of $1000 \mathrm{scfm}$. The gas is stored in a tank, at $80^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and $500 \mathrm{psig}$, that is located $20
A pressure vessel containing nitrogen at $300^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ has a relief valve installed on top of the vessel. The valve is set to open at a set pressure of 125 psig and exhausts its contents
A storage tank contains ethylene at $80^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and has a relief valve that is set to open at a pressure of $250 \mathrm{psig}$. The valve must be sized to relieve the gas at a rate of
Write the general 3D equations for the definitions of each of the following laws: Fick's, Fourier's, Ohm's, and Newton's laws. Identify the conserved quantity in each of these laws. Can you represent
The general expression for the conservation of any (conserved) quantity Q can be written in the form of Equation 1.12. We have said that “dollars” are also a conserved quantity, so Equation 1.12
A dimensionless grouping of variables and parameters that are important in pipe flow is called the Reynolds number:where$V$ is the average velocity over the cross section in a pipe of diameter
A layer of water is flowing down a flat plate that is inclined at an angle of $20^{\circ}$ to the vertical. If the depth of the layer is $1 / 4 \mathrm{in}$., what is the shear stress exerted by the
Basic Concepts by considering the simple one-dimensional steady flow between two parallel plates, Figure 1.1. The area of each plate $A_{y}=1 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ and the gap between the two plates is
A slider bearing consists of a sleeve surrounding a cylindrical shaft that is free to move axially within the sleeve. A lubricant (e.g., grease) is in the gap between the shaft and the sleeve to
By making use of the analogies between the various transport models for molecular transport of conserved quantities, describe how you would set up an experiment to solve each of the following
What is the "system" in Example 1.3? Example 1.3 With respect to Figure 1.1, consider the two parallel flat surfaces spaced 1 mm apart, with a Newtonian grease between them that has a viscosity of
Explain the "fruit salad law," and how does it apply to the formulation of equations describing engineering systems?
The intake duct to a fan consists of intake louvers, 5.8 m of square duct (800 × 800 mm), a sudden contraction to a 400-mm-diameter round duct, and 9.25 m of the round duct. Estimate the pressure at
Name a type of compressor often used for pneumatic fluid power systems.
Name four types of positive-displacement compressors.
Describe a vane–axial blower, and compare it with a duct fan.
Describe a duct fan.

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