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applied fluid mechanics

Questions and Answers of Applied Fluid Mechanics

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is made of two standard steel tubes, as shown in Fig. 9.13. The outer tube has an OD of 7/8 in and the OD for the inner tube is ½ in. Each tube has a wall
Figure 9.14 shows a heat exchanger in which each of two DN 150 Schedule 40 pipes carries 450 L/min of water. The pipes are inside a rectangular duct whose inside dimensions are 200 mm by 400 mm.
Figure 9.15 shows the cross section of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Compute the volume flow rate required in each small pipe and in the shell to obtain an average velocity of flow of 25 ft/s in
Air with a specific weight of 12.5 N/m3and a dynamic viscosity of 2.0 Ã— 10-5Paˆ™s flows through the shaded portion of the duct shown in Fig. 9.16 at the rate of 150 m3/h.
Carbon dioxide with a specific weight of 0.114 lb/ft3and a dynamic viscosity of 3.34 Ã— 10-7lb-s/ft2flows in the shaded portion of the duct shown in Fig. 9.17. If the volume flow rate is
Water at 90°F flows in the space between 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe and a square duct with inside dimensions of 10.0 in. The shape of the duct is similar to that shown in Fig. 9.10. Compute the
Refer to the shell-and-tube heat exchanger shown in Fig. 9.13. The outer tube has an OD of 7/8 in and the OD of the inner tube is ½ in. Both tubes are standard steel tubes with 0.049-in wall
Refer to Fig. 9.15, which shows three pipes inside a larger pipe. The inside pipes carry water at 200°F and the large pipe carries water at 60F. The average velocity of flow is 25.0 ft/s in each
Water at 10°C is flowing in the shell shown in Fig. 9.18 at the rate of 850 L/min. The shell is a 50 mm OD Ã— 1.5 mm wall copper tube and the inside tubes are 15 mm OD Ã—
Figure 9.19 shows the cross section of a heat exchanger used to cool a bank of electronic devices. Ethylene glycol at 77°F flows in the shaded area. Compute the volume flow rate required to
Figure 9.20 shows a liquid-to-air heat exchanger in which air flows at 50 m3/h inside a rectangular passage and around a set of five vertical tubes. Each tube is a standard hydraulic steel tube, 15
Glycerin (sg = 1.26) at 40°C flows in the portion of the duct outside the square tubes shown in Fig. 9.21. Calculate the Reynolds number for a flow rate of 0.10 m3/s. Both 150 mm square outside
Each of the square tubes shown in Fig. 9.21 carries 0.75 m3/s of water at 90°C. The thickness of the walls of the tubes is 2.77 mm. Compute the Reynolds number of the flow of water. Both 150 mm
A heat sink for an electronic circuit is made by machining a pocket into a block of aluminum and then covering it with a flat plate to provide a passage for cooling water as shown in Fig. 9.22.
Figure 9.23 shows the cross section of a cooling passage for an odd-shaped device. Compute the volume flow rate of water at 50°F that would produce a Reynolds number of 1.5 Ã— 105.
Figure 9.24 shows the cross section of a flow path machined from a casting using a ¾-in-diameter milling cutter. Considering all the fillets, compute the hydraulic radius for the passage, and
The blade of a gas turbine engine contains internal cooling passages, as shown in Fig. 9.25. Compute the volume flow rate of air required to produce an average velocity of flow in each passage of
For the system described in Problem 9.24, compute the pressure difference between two points 30.0 ft apart if the duct is horizontal. Use e = 8.5 Ã— 10-5ft.In ProblemWater at 90°F
For the shell-and-tube heat exchanger described in Problem 9.25, compute the pressure difference for both fluids between two points 5.25 m apart if the heat exchanger is horizontal.In ProblemRefer to
For the system described in Problem 9.26, compute the pressure drop for both fluids between two points 3.80 m apart if the duct is horizontal. Use the roughness for steel pipe for all surfaces.In
For the shell-and-tube heat exchanger described in Problem 9.28, compute the pressure drop for the flow of water in the shell. Use the roughness for copper for all surfaces. The length is 3.60 m.
For the heat exchanger described in Problem 9.29, compute the pressure drop for a length of 57 in.
For the glycerin described in Problem 9.31, compute the pressure drop for a horizontal duct 22.6 m long. All surfaces are copper.
For the flow of water in the square tubes described in Problem 9.32, compute the pressure drop over a length of 22.6 m. All surfaces are copper and the duct is horizontal.
If the heat sink described in Problem 9.33 is 105 in long, compute the pressure drop for the water. Use ε = 2.5 × 10-5 ft for the aluminum.
Compute the energy loss for the flow of water in the cooling passage described in Problem 9.34 if its total length is 45 in. Use ε for steel. Also compute the pressure difference across the total
In Fig. 9.26, ethylene glycol (sg = 1.10) at 77°F flows around the tubes and inside the rectangular passage. Calculate the volume flow rate of ethylene glycol in gal/min required for the flow to
Figure 9.27 shows a duct in which methyl alcohol at 25°C flows at the rate of 3000 L/min. Compute the energy loss over a 2.25-m length of the duct. All surfaces are smooth plastic. 100 mm 30 mm
A furnace heat exchanger has a cross section like that shown in Fig. 9.28. The air flows around the three thin passages in which hot gases flow. The air is at 140°F and has a density of 2.06
Figure 9.29 shows a system in which methyl alcohol at 77°F flows outside the three tubes while ethyl alcohol at 0°F flows inside the tubes. Compute the volume flow rate of each fluid required
A simple heat exchanger is made by welding one-half of a 1¾-in drawn steel tube to a flat plate as shown in Fig. 9.30. Water at 40°F flows in the enclosed space and cools the plate.
Compute points on the velocity profile from the tube wall to the centerline of a plastic pipe, 125 mm OD × 7.4 mm wall, if the volume flow rate of gasoline (sg = 0.68) at 25°C is 3.0 L/min. Use
Compute points on the velocity profile from the pipe wall to the centerline of a 3/4-in Type K copper tube if the volume flow rate of water at 60°F is 0.50 gal/min. Use increments of 0.05 in and
Compute points on the velocity profile from the pipe wall to the centerline of a 2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe if the volume flow rate of castor oil at 77°F is 0.25 ft3/s.
A large pipeline with a 1.200-m inside diameter carries oil similar to SAE 10 at 40°C (sg = 0.8). Compute the volume flow rate required to produce a Reynolds number of 3.60 × 104. Then, if the pipe
For the flow of 12.9 L/min of water at 75°C in a plastic pipe, 16 mm OD Ã— 1.5 mm wall, compute the expected maximum velocity of flow from Eq. (9€“4). + 1.43 V) Umax = v(1
Compute points on the velocity profile from the tube wall to the centerline of a standard hydraulic steel tube, 50 mm OD × 1.5 mm wall, if the volume flow rate of SAE 30 oil (sg = 0.89) at 110°C is
A small velocity probe is to be inserted through a pipe wall. If we measure from the outside of the DN 150 Schedule 80 pipe, how far (in mm) should the probe be inserted to sense the average velocity
If the accuracy of positioning the probe described in Problem 9.5 is plus or minus 5.0 mm, compute the possible error in measuring the average velocity.
An alternative scheme for using the velocity probe described in Problem 9.5 is to place it in the middle of the pipe, where the velocity is expected to be 2.0 times the average velocity. Compute the
An existing fixture inserts the velocity probe described in Problem 9.5 exactly 60.0 mm from the outside surface of the pipe. If the probe reads 2.48 m/s, compute the actual average velocity of flow,
Convert 0.008 ft3/s to gal/min.
Convert 7.50 ft3/s to gal/min.
Convert 0.060 ft3/s to gal/min.
Convert 125 ft3/s to gal/min.
Convert 2.50 gal/min to ft3/s.
Convert 2500 gal/min to ft3/s.
Convert 20 gal/min to ft3/s.
Convert 459 gal/min to ft3/s.
Convert 5.26 × 10-6 m3/s to L/min.
Convert 3.58 × 10-3 m3/s to L/min.
Convert 84.3 gal/min to m3/s.
Convert 23.5 cm3/s to m3/s.
Convert 0.105 m3/s to L/min.
Convert 0.296 cm3/s to m3/s.
A pipeline is needed to transport medium fuel oil at 77°F. The pipeline needs to traverse 80 mi in total, and the initial proposal is to space pumping stations 2 mi apart. The line needs to carry
Linseed oil at 25°C flows at 3.65 m/s in a standard hydraulic copper tube, 20 mm OD × 1.2 mm wall. Compute the pressure difference between two points in the tube 17.5 m apart if the first point is
Figure 8.20 shows a pump recirculating 300 gal/min of heavy machine tool lubricating oil at 104°F to test the oil’s stability. The total length of 4-in pipe is 25.0 ft and the total length of 3-in
Gasoline at 50°F flows from point A to point B through 3200 ft of standard 10-in Schedule 40 steel pipe at the rate of 4.25 ft3/s. Point B is 85 ft above point A and the pressure at B must be 40.0
For the pump described in Problem 8.46, if the pressure at the pump inlet is -2.36 psig, compute the power delivered by the pump to the water.
Water at 60°F is being pumped from a stream to a reservoir whose surface is 210 ft above the pump. See Fig. 8.19. The pipe from the pump to the reservoir is an 8-in Schedule 40 steel pipe, 2500
In a chemical processing system, the flow of glycerin at 60F (sg = 1.24) in a copper tube must remain laminar with a Reynolds number approximately equal to but not exceeding 300. Specify the
Figure 8.18 shows a system used to spray polluted water into the air to increase the water€™s oxygen content and to cause volatile solvents in the water to vaporize. The pressure at point B
Fuel oil (sg = 0.94) is being delivered to a furnace at a rate of 60 gal/min through a 1 ½-in Schedule 40 steel pipe. Compute the pressure difference between two points 40.0 ft apart if the pipe is
For the system shown in Fig. 8.17, compute the power delivered by the pump to the water to pump 50 gal/min of water at 60Â°F to the tank. The air in the tank is at 40 psig. Consider the friction
Water at 10°C flows at the rate of 900 L/min from the reservoir and through the pipe shown in Fig. 8.16. Compute the pressure at point B, considering the energy loss due to friction, but neglecting
For the pipeline described in Problem 8.39, consider that the oil is to be heated to 100C to decrease its viscosity.a. How does this affect the pump power requirement?b. At what distance apart could
A pipeline transporting crude oil (sg = 0.93) at 1200 L/min is made of DN 150 Schedule 80 steel pipe. Pumping stations are spaced 3.2 km apart. If the oil is at 10°C, calculate(a) The pressure drop
As a test to determine the effective wall roughness of an existing pipe installation, water at 10°C is pumped through it at the rate of 225 L/min. The pipe is standard steel tubing, 40 mm OD × 2.0
Benzene at 60°C is flowing in a DN 25 Schedule 80 steel pipe at the rate of 20 L/min. The specific weight of the benzene is 8.62 kN/m3. Calculate the pressure difference between two points 100 m
A 3-in Schedule 40 steel pipe is 5000 ft long and carries a lubricating oil between two points A and B such that the Reynolds number is 800. Point B is 20 ft higher than A. The oil has a specific
Glycerin at 25°C flows through a straight hydraulic copper tube, 80 mm OD × 2.8 mm wall, at a flow rate of 180 L/min. Compute the pressure difference between two points 25.8 m apart if the first
Medium fuel oil at 25°C is to be pumped at a flow rate of 200 m3/h through a DN 125 Schedule 40 pipe over a total horizontal distance of 15 km. The maximum working pressure of the piping is to be
A tremendous amount of study has gone into the fluid effects of air over various spheres due to the impact on sports and recreation. Golf balls, for example, are dimpled due to the tremendous effect
In a given installation, it is determined that the pipe size used for the project was 1-in Schedule 40 pipe rather than the 2 in size that was specified. Some have said that it won’t be a problem
“Laminar” fountains have become quite popular due to the desirable aesthetics that result from a smooth shaped fluid held together with its own surface tension during flight. Check out videos of
Use PIPE-FLO® to model a straight horizontal run of 100 ft of 1-in Schedule 40 pipe carrying 20 gal/min of 75°F water from a tank with a water level of 25 ft. Display the calculated pressure drop
Fuel oil is flowing in a 4-in Schedule 40 steel pipe at the maximum rate for which the flow is laminar. If the oil has a specific gravity of 0.895 and a dynamic viscosity of 8.3 × 10-4 lb - s/ft2,
Water at 75°C is flowing in a standard hydraulic copper tube, 15 mm OD × 1.2 mm wall, at a rate of 12.9 L/min. Calculate the pressure difference between two points 45 m apart if the tube is
Crude oil is flowing vertically downward through 60 m of DN 25 Schedule 80 steel pipe at a velocity of 0.64 m/s. The oil has a specific gravity of 0.86 and is at 0°C. Calculate the pressure
A certain jet fuel has a kinematic viscosity of 1.20 centistokes. If the fuel is being delivered to the engine at 200 L/min through a 1-in steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.065 in, compute the
In a soft-drink bottling plant, the concentrated syrup used to make the drink has a kinematic viscosity of 17.0 centistokes at 80°F. Compute the Reynolds number for the flow of 215 L/min of the
In a dairy, milk at 100°F is reported to have a kinematic viscosity of 1.30 centistokes. Compute the Reynolds number for the flow of the milk at 45 gal/min through a 1¼-in steel tube with a wall
The water line described in Problem 8.22 was a cold water distribution line. At another point in the system, the same-size tube delivers water at 180°F. Compute the range of volume flow rates for
The range of Reynolds numbers between 2000 and 4000 is described as the critical region because it is not possible to predict whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. One should avoid operation of
A system is being designed to carry 500 gal/min of ethylene glycol at 77°F at a maximum velocity of 10.0 ft/s. Specify the smallest standard Schedule 40 steel pipe to meet this condition. Then, for
After the press has run for some time, the lubricating oil described in Problem 8.19 heats to 212°F. Compute the Reynolds number for the oil flow at this temperature. Discuss the possible operating
The lubrication system for a punch press delivers 1.65 gal/min of a light lubricating oil (see Appendix C) through 5/16-in steel tubes having a wall thickness of 0.049 in. Shortly after the press is
Repeat Problem 8.17 for an oil temperature of 0°C.Repeat ProblemRepeat Problem 8.15, except the tube is 50 mm OD × 1.5 mm wall thickness.Repeat ProblemSAE 30 oil (sg = 0.89) is flowing at 45 L/min
Repeat Problem 8.15, except the tube is 50 mm OD × 1.5 mm wall thickness.Repeat ProblemSAE 30 oil (sg = 0.89) is flowing at 45 L/min through a 20 mm OD × 1.2 mm wall hydraulic steel tube. If the
Repeat Problem 8.15 for an oil temperature of 0°C.Repeat ProblemSAE 30 oil (sg = 0.89) is flowing at 45 L/min through a 20 mm OD × 1.2 mm wall hydraulic steel tube. If the oil is at 110°C, is the
SAE 30 oil (sg = 0.89) is flowing at 45 L/min through a 20 mm OD × 1.2 mm wall hydraulic steel tube. If the oil is at 110°C, is the flow laminar or turbulent?
At approximately what volume flow rate will propyl alcohol at 77°F become turbulent when flowing in a 3-in Type K copper tube?
Repeat Problem 8.12 for an oil temperature of 160°F.Repeat ProblemAn engine crankcase contains SAE 10 motor oil (sg = 0.88). The oil is distributed to other parts of the engine by an oil pump
An engine crankcase contains SAE 10 motor oil (sg = 0.88). The oil is distributed to other parts of the engine by an oil pump through an 1/8-in steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.032 in. The ease
A major water main is an 18-in ductile iron pipe. Compute the Reynolds number if the pipe carries 16.5 ft3/s of water at 50°F.
Hot water at 80°C is flowing to a dishwasher at a rate of 15.0 L/min through a standard hydraulic copper tube, 15 mm OD × 1.2 mm wall. Is the flow laminar or turbulent?
Benzene (sg = 0.86) at 60°C is flowing at 25 L/min in a DN 25 Schedule 80 steel pipe. Is the flow laminar or turbulent?
Compute the Reynolds number for the flow of 325 L/min of water at 10°C in a standard hydraulic steel tube, 50 mm OD × 1.5 mm wall thickness. Is the flow laminar or turbulent?
From the data in Appendix C, we can see that automotive hydraulic oil and the medium machine tool hydraulic oil have nearly the same kinematic viscosity at 212°F. However, because of their different

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