Questions and Answers of Applied Fluid Mechanics

For the system in Fig. 11.26, specify the size of Schedule 40 steel pipe required to return the fluid to the machines. Machine 1 requires 20 gal/min and Machine 2 requires 10 gal/ min. The fluid
A manufacturer of spray nozzles specifies that the maximum pressure drop in the pipe feeding a nozzle be 10.0 psi per 100 ft of pipe. Compute the maximum allowable velocity of flow through a 1-in
Specify the size of new Schedule 40 steel pipe required to carry gasoline at 77°F through 120 ft of horizontal pipe with no more than 8.0 psi of pressure drop at a volume flow rate of 100 gal/min.
For the system shown in Fig. 11.27 and analyzed in Problem 11.27, it is desirable to change the system to increase the pressure at the inlet to the pump. The volume flow rate must stay at 475 L/min,
Repeat Problem 11.29, but use a 3-in Schedule 40 steel pipe for the discharge line instead of the 2½-in pipe. Compare the power delivered by the pump for the two designs.Repeat ProblemIn a
Water at 10°C is being delivered to a tank on the roof of a building, as shown in Fig. 11.29. The elbow is standard. What pressure must exist at point A for 200 L/min to be delivered? 2.5 m
If the pressure at point A in Fig. 11.29 is 300 kPa, compute the volume flow rate of water at 10°C delivered to the tank. 2.5 m Standard elbow Flow DN 40 Schedule 40 steel pipe 25 m Factory
Change the design of the system in Fig. 11.29 to replace the globe valve with a fully open gate valve. Then, if the pressure at point A is 300 kPa, compute the volume flow rate of water at 10°C
For the system shown in Fig. 11.30, compute the volume flow rate of ethyl alcohol at 77°F that would occur if the pressure in tank A is 125 psig. The total length of pipe is 110 ft. 2-in Schedule
Repeat Problem 11.35, but consider the valve to be fully open.Repeat ProblemFor the system shown in Fig. 11.30, compute the volume flow rate of ethyl alcohol at 77°F that would occur if the
Repeat Problem 11.35, but consider the valve to be fully open and the elbows to be the long-radius type instead of standard. Compare the results with those from Problems 11.35 and 11.36.Repeat
Figure 11.31 depicts a DN 100 Schedule 40 steel pipe delivering water at 15°C from a main line to a factory. The pressure at the main is 415 kPa. Compute the maximum allowable flow rate if the
Repeat Problem 11.38, but replace the globe valve with a fully open butterfly valve.Repeat ProblemFigure 11.31 depicts a DN 100 Schedule 40 steel pipe delivering water at 15°C from a main line to
Repeat Problem 11.38, but use a DN 125 Schedule 40 pipe.Repeat ProblemFigure 11.31 depicts a DN 100 Schedule 40 steel pipe delivering water at 15°C from a main line to a factory. The pressure at
Repeat Problem 11.38, but replace the globe valve with a butterfly valve and use a DN 125 Schedule 40 steel pipe. Compare the results of Problems 11.38€“11.41.Repeat ProblemFigure 11.31
It is desired to drive a small, positive-displacement pump by chucking a household electric drill to the drive shaft of the pump. The pump delivers 1.0 in 3 of water at 60°F per revolution, and the
Figure 11.32 shows a pipe delivering water to the putting green on a golf course. The pressure in the main is at 80 psig and it is necessary to maintain a minimum of 60 psig at point B to adequately
Repeat Problem 11.43, except consider that there will be the following elements added to the system:– A fully open gate value near the water main– A fully open butterfly valve
A sump pump in a commercial building sits in a sump at an elevation of 150.4 ft. The pump delivers 40 gal/min of water through a piping system that discharges the water at an elevation of 172.8 ft.
For the system designed in Problem 11.45, compute the total head on the pump.In ProblemA sump pump in a commercial building sits in a sump at an elevation of 150.4 ft. The pump delivers 40 gal/min of
Figure 11.33 shows a part of a chemical processing system in which propyl alcohol at 25°C is taken from the bottom of a large tank and transferred by gravity to another part of the system. The
For the system described in Problem 11.47, and using the tube size found in that problem, compute the expected volume flow rate through the tube if the elevation in the large tank drops to 12.8 m.
For the system described in Problem 11.47, and using the tube size found in that problem, compute the expected volume flow rate through the tube if the pressure above the fluid in the large tank at A
For the system described in Problem 11.47, and using the tube size found in that problem, compute the expected volume flow rate through the tube if a half-open gate valve is placed in the line ahead
Analyze the system shown in Fig. 11.11 with kerosene at 20°C as the working fluid. Use PIPE-FLO®software to determine the pressure at point B that results in a flow rate of 800 L/min. Report
Water at 10°C flows from a large reservoir at the rate of 1.5 × 10-2 m3/s through the system shown in Fig. 11.13. Calculate the pressure at B.
Use PIPE-FLO® to calculate the head loss and pressure drop in a length of pipe that includes a filter. The pipe is a horizontal 6-in Schedule 40 pipe. The total length of pipe is 45 ft and the
Use PIPE-FLO® software to determine the pressure drop in a 20 m horizontal run of DN 100 Schedule 40 pipe, carrying 25°C kerosene at a velocity of 3 m/s. The pipe includes a sharp-edged pipe
An 8-in plastic swing check valve carries 3500 gal/min of glycerin at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 3-in plastic swing check valve carries 300 gal/min of kerosene at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 3/4-in plastic swing check valve carries 18 gal/min of seawater at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 6-in plastic diaphragm valve carries 1500 gal/min of liquid propane at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 3-in plastic diaphragm valve carries 300 gal/min of gasoline at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 1½-in plastic diaphragm valve carries 60 gal/min of carbon tetrachloride at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 10-in plastic butterfly valve carries 5000 gal/min of liquid propane at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 3-in plastic butterfly valve carries 300 gal/min of gasoline at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 1½-in plastic butterfly valve carries 60 gal/min of carbon tetrachloride at 77°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 3/4-in plastic ball valve carries 15 gal/min of water at 80°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 4-in plastic ball valve carries 600 gal/min of water at 120°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
A 2-in plastic ball valve carries 150 gal/min of water at 150°F. Compute the expected pressure drop across the valve.
For the data from Problem 10.53, compute the flow coefficient CVas defined in section 10.13. The oil has a specific gravity of 0.90. Actuator Load Motion Flow Flow control valve Flow A B Directional
For the data from Problem 10.53, compute the equivalent value of the resistance coefficient K if the pressure drop is found from Î”p = Î³hLand hL= K(v2/2g). The oil has a specific gravity of
Repeat Problem 10.53 for flow rates of 7.5 gal/min and 10.0 gal/min.Repeat ProblemA fluid power system incorporates a directional control valve similar to that shown in Fig. 10.30 (a). Determine the
A fluid power system incorporates a directional control valve similar to that shown in Fig. 10.30 (a). Determine the pressure drop across the valve when 5.0 gal/min of hydraulic oil flows through the
A tube similar to that in Problem 10.48 is being routed through a complex machine. At one point, the tube must be bent through an angle of 60°. Compute the energy loss in the bend.In ProblemCompute
A tube similar to that in Problem 10.47 is being routed through a complex machine. At one point, the tube must be bent through an angle of 145°. Compute the energy loss in the bend.In ProblemCompute
For the data in Problem 10.48, compute the resistance factor and the energy loss for a coil of the given tube that makes 8.5 revolutions. The mean bend radius is the same, 3.50 in.In ProblemCompute
For the data in Problem 10.47, compute the resistance factor and the energy loss for a coil of the given tube that makes six complete revolutions. The mean bend radius is the same, 2.00 in.In
Compute the energy loss in a 90 bend in a steel tube used for a fluid power system. The tube has a 1¼-in OD and a wall thickness of 0.083 in. The mean bend radius is 3.25 in. The flow rate of
Compute the energy loss in a 90 bend in a steel tube used for a fluid power system. The tube has a ½-in OD and a wall thickness of 0.065 in. The mean bend radius is 2.00 in. The flow rate of
Figure 10.38 shows a test setup for determining the energy loss due to a heat exchanger. Water at 50°C is flowing vertically upward at 6.0 × 10-3 m3/s. Calculate the energy loss between points 1
Determine the energy loss that occurs as 40 L/min of water at 10°C flows around a 90 bend in a commercial steel tube having an OD of 20 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. The radius of the bend to
Compare the energy losses for the two proposals from Problem 10.43 with the energy loss for the proposal in Fig. 10.37. DN 50 Schedule 80 Standard elbow steel pipe Flow 700 mm 700 mm
The inlet and the outlet shown in Fig. 10.36 (a) are to be connected with a 50 mm OD Ã— 2.0 mm wall copper tube to carry 750 L/min of propyl alcohol at 25°C. Evaluate the two schemes
Specify the radius in mm to the centerline of a 90 bend in a 25 mm OD × 2.0 mm wall copper tube to achieve the minimum energy loss. For such a bend carrying 250 L/min of water at 80°C, compute the
A 25 mm OD × 2.0 mm wall copper tube supplies hot water (80°C) to a washing system in a factory at a flow rate of 250 L/min. At several points in the system, a 90° bend is required. Compute the
A piping system for supplying heavy fuel oil at 25°C is arranged as shown in Fig. 10.35. The bottom leg of the tee is normally capped, but the cap can be removed to clean the pipe. Compute the
A proposed alternate form for the heat exchanger described in Problem 10.37 is shown in Fig. 10.33. The entire flow conduit is a 3/4-in steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.065 in. the ID for this
Determine the energy loss that will occur if water flows from a reservoir into a pipe with a velocity of 3 m/s if the configuration of the entrance is(a) An inward-projecting pipe,(b) A square-edged
Note in Figs. 10.10 and 10.11 that the minimum energy loss for a gradual contraction (K = 0.04 approximately) occurs when the cone angle is in the range of 15 to 40. Make scale drawings of
Compute the resulting pressure after a “real” diffuser in which the energy loss due to the enlargement is considered for the data presented in Problem 10.12. The enlargement is sudden.In
Another term for an enlargement is a diffuser. A diffuser is used to convert kinetic energy (v2/2g) to pressure energy (p/g). An ideal diffuser is one in which no energy losses occur and
Add the energy loss due to friction from Problem 10.10 to the energy loss for the enlargement from Problem 10.8 and plot the total versus the cone angle on the same graph used in Problem 10.9.Data
Refer to Fig. 9.14, which shows two DN 150 Schedule 40 pipes inside a rectangular duct. Each pipe carries 450 L/min of water at 20°C. Compute the Reynolds number for the flow of water. Then, for
Determine the energy loss due to a sudden enlargement from a 50 mm OD × 2.4 mm wall plastic pipe to a 90 mm OD × 2.8 mm wall plastic pipe when the velocity of flow is 3 m/s in the smaller pipe.
Determine the energy loss due to a sudden enlargement from a standard DN 25 Schedule 80 steel pipe to a DN 90 mm Schedule 80 steel pipe when the rate of flow is 3 × 10-3 m3/s.
Determine the energy loss due to a sudden enlargement from a standard 1-in Schedule 80 pipe to a 3 1/2-in Schedule 80 pipe when the rate of flow is 0.10 ft3/s.
Determine the pressure difference for the conditions in Problem 10.4 if the enlargement is gradual with a cone angle of 15°.In ProblemDetermine the pressure difference between two points on either
Determine the pressure difference between two points on either side of a sudden enlargement from a tube with a 2-in ID to one with a 6-in ID when the velocity of flow of water is 4 ft/s in the
Determine the energy loss due to a gradual enlargement from a 25 mm OD × 2.0 mm wall copper hydraulic tube to a 80 mm OD × 2.8 mm wall tube when the velocity of flow is 3 m/s in the smaller tube
Determine the energy loss for the conditions in Problem 10.6 if the cone angle is increased to 60°.In ProblemDetermine the energy loss due to a gradual enlargement from a 25 mm OD × 2.0 mm wall
Compute the energy loss for gradual enlargements with cone angles from 2° to 60° in the increments shown in Fig. 10.5. For each case, water at 60°F is flowing at 85 gal/min in a 2-in
Plot a graph of energy loss versus cone angle for the results of Problem 10.8.In ProblemCompute the energy loss for gradual enlargements with cone angles from 2° to 60° in the increments
For the data in Problem 10.8, compute the length required to achieve the enlargement for each cone angle. Then compute the energy loss due to friction in that length using the velocity, diameter, and
Determine the energy loss when 1.50 ft3/s of water flows from a 6-in standard Schedule 40 pipe into a large reservoir.
Determine the energy loss when 0.04 m3/s of water flows from a DN 150 standard Schedule 40 pipe into a large reservoir.
Compute the resulting pressure after a “real” diffuser in which the energy loss due to the enlargement is considered for the data presented in Problem 10.12. The enlargement is gradual with cone
Determine the energy loss when oil with a specific gravity of 0.87 flows from a 4-in pipe to a 2-in pipe through a sudden contraction if the velocity of flow in the larger pipe is 4.0 ft/s.
For the conditions in Problem 10.17, if the pressure before the contraction was 80 psig, calculate the pressure in the smaller pipe.In ProblemDetermine the energy loss when oil with a specific
True or false: For a sudden contraction with a diameter ratio of 3.0, the energy loss decreases as the velocity of flow increases.
Determine the energy loss for a sudden contraction from a DN 125 Schedule 80 steel pipe to a DN 50 Schedule 80 pipe for a flow rate of 500 L/min.
Determine the energy loss for a gradual contraction from a DN 125 Schedule 80 steel pipe to a DN 50 Schedule 80 pipe for a flow rate of 500 L/min. The cone angle for the contraction is 105°.
Determine the energy loss for a sudden contraction from a 4-in Schedule 80 steel pipe to a 1½-in Schedule 80 pipe for a flow rate of 250 gal/min.
Determine the energy loss for a gradual contraction from a 4-in Schedule 80 steel pipe to a 1½-in Schedule 80 pipe for a flow rate of 250 gal/min. The cone angle for the contraction is 76°.
For the data in Problem 10.22, compute the energy loss for gradual contractions with each of the cone angles listed in Figs. 10.10 and 10.11. Plot energy loss versus the cone angle.Figure 10.10Figure
For each contraction described in Problems 10.22 and 10.24, make a scale drawing of the device to observe its physical appearance.Figure 10.10Figure 10.11 D1 0.4+ e - 150° 0.3 120° 105° 0.2 90°
If the contraction from a 6-in to a 3-in ductile iron pipe described in Problem 10.26 was made with a cone angle of 120°, what would the resulting resistance coefficient be? Make a scale drawing
Compute the energy loss that would occur as 50 gal/min of water flows from a tank into a steel tube with an OD of 2.0 in and a wall thickness of 0.065 in. The tube is installed flush with the inside
Determine the equivalent length in meters of pipe of a fully open globe valve placed in a DN 250 Schedule 40 pipe.
Repeat Problem 10.30 for a fully open gate valve.Repeat ProblemDetermine the equivalent length in meters of pipe of a fully open globe valve placed in a DN 250 Schedule 40 pipe.
Calculate the resistance coefficient K for a ball-type check valve placed in a 2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe if water at 100°F is flowing with a velocity of 10 ft/s.
Calculate the pressure difference across a fully open angle valve placed in a 5-in Schedule 40 steel pipe carrying 650 gal/min of oil (sg = 0.90).
Determine the pressure drop across a 90 standard elbow in a DN 65 Schedule 40 steel pipe if water at 15°C is flowing at the rate of 750 L/min.
Repeat Problem 10.34 for a street elbow.Repeat ProblemDetermine the pressure drop across a 90 standard elbow in a DN 65 Schedule 40 steel pipe if water at 15°C is flowing at the rate of 750 L/min.
Repeat Problem 10.34 for a long radius elbow. Compare the results from Problems 10.34–10.36.Repeat ProblemRepeat Problem 10.34 for a street elbow.Repeat ProblemDetermine the pressure drop across a
A simple heat exchanger is made by installing a close return bend on two ½-in Schedule 40 steel pipes as shown in Fig. 10.32. Compute the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet
A piping system for a pump contains a tee, as shown in Fig. 10.34, to permit the pressure at the outlet of the pump to be measured. However, there is no flow into the line leading to the gage.
Repeat Problem 9.10 if the oil is at 110°C but with the same flow rate. Discuss the differences in the velocity profile.Repeat ProblemA large pipeline with a 1.200-m inside diameter carries oil
Using Eq. (9€“3), compute the distance y for which the local velocity U is equal to the average velocity v. v[1+ 1.43 Vỹ + 2.15Vf log10(y/r.). %3D
The result for Problem 9.12 predicts that the average velocity for turbulent flow will be found at a distance of 0.216ro from the wall of the pipe. Compute this distance for a 24-in Schedule 40 steel

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