Questions and Answers of Biology Science For Life With Physiology

Thanks to sustained public health campaigns, most people understand that smoking carries significant risks. As a result, rates of smoking have declined over the past few decades. However, rates of
Describe how contraction of the diaphragm allows the lungs to fill and how oxygen from inhaled air enters the lungs.
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates breathing. Diaphragm returning to dome shape. Air flows Chest cavity
Alveoli are _________.A. Small air sacs at the ends of bronchi in the lungs;B. The respiratory surface in mammals;C. Surrounded by a net of capillaries;D. Subject to damage because of exposure to
All of the following statements about hemoglobin are true, except _________.A. It is a protein that can bind oxygen;B. It is carried by red blood cells;C. It can bind carbon monoxide;D. It picks up
The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart are called _________.A. Arteries;B. Veins;C. Atherosclerosis;D. Capillaries;E. Ventricles
The sound of a heartbeat as heard through a stethoscope is produced by _________.A. electrical signals from the SA node;B. Rush of blood into the ventricles and out of the atria;C. The ribs expanding
Blood flowing from body tissues to the heart _________.A. Is next pumped via veins to the rest of the body;B. is next pumped via arteries to the lungs;C. Is under relatively high pressure compared
Deoxygenated blood from the body first enters the _________of the heart, and oxygenated blood from the lungs is pumped to the body by the _________.A. Right atrium, right ventricle;B. Right atrium,
Heart attacks _________.A. Are typically caused by a blockage in blood flow;B. Result in the death of heart tissue;C. Are as common in smokers who quit 15 years ago as in people who never smoked;D. A
Which of the following diseases is associated with exposure to tobacco smoke?A. Heart disease;B. Lung cancer;C. Stroke;D. Asthma;E. All of the above
Some endurance athletes, such as cyclists, engage in the practice of “blood doping,” in which packed red blood cells are transfused into their bloodstream immediately before an event. How might
Congestive heart failure occurs when damage to the heart results in a severely weakened heart muscle. Given your understanding of heart function, describe some likely symptoms of this condition.
As tobacco plants grow, radioactive minerals found in soil stick to the plants’ leaves. Minerals found in phosphate fertilizer, such as radium, lead-210, and polonium-210, can also accumulate on
__________are nonliving pathogens composed of a genome and capsid.
__________are simple single-celled organisms that can be beneficial or pathogenic.
Some viruses are surrounded by a membrane called a(n) __________.
Organisms that depend on other organisms to survive but contribute nothing to the survival of the host organism are __________.
A virus that causes an initial infection and then later becomes dormant is called a__________ virus.
The third, specific line of defense includes white blood cells called __________.
Substances found on invading organisms that trigger an immune response are called __________.
A mother passing antibodies to her baby through breast milk is a type of__________ immunity.
B cells develop in the __________, and T cells reside in the __________.
Immune cells that help bolster an immune response are called__________ T cells.
Some good friends are having their first child in a few months. In addition to making decisions about breast-feeding, co-sleeping, and whether to let the baby use a pacifier, they are also concerned
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates a virus. 0.01 m 2
How do bodily secretions help protect against infection?
What roles do B cells and T cells play in the immune response?
Binary fission _________.A. Allows bacterial cells to produce more plasmids;B. Is a type of sexual cell division that viruses undergo;C. Allows immune cells to replicate;D. Is the method by which
Viral replication _________.A. Occurs only inside living cells;B. Requires that copies of the viral genome be produced;C. Requires that copies of viral proteins be synthesized;D. All of the above
Autoimmune diseases result when _________.A. A person’s endocrine system malfunctions;B. Liver enzymes malfunction;C. B cells attack T cells;D. The immune system fails to differentiate between self
Which of the following cell types divides to produce cells that make antibodies?A. Helper T cells;B. B cells;C. Cytotoxic T cells;D. All of the above
Helper T cells _________.A. Help prevent leukemia;B. Prevent bacteria from entering cells;C. Boost immune response;D. Inhibit reverse transcriptase
Your immune system can recognize a virus you have been exposed to once because _________.A. You harbor the virus for many years;B. You have genes to combat every type of virus;C. A cell that makes
Which of the following is not involved in the second line of defense?A. Inflammation;B. Complement proteins;C. Macrophages;D. Lymphocytes
Lyme disease is spread by the bite of an infected tick, but is not passed directly from one person to another. Is Lyme disease infectious, contagious, or both?
How are people who refuse to vaccinate protected by those who do get vaccinated?
Why do you need a flu shot every year but only one inoculation against some other diseases?
Chemical signals that travel from glands to target organs are called ___________.
Relaying a chemical signal from outside the cell to inside the cell can involve several steps and is called ___________ ___________.
The___________ secretes GnRH.
GnRH acts on the___________ to cause the secretion of FSH and LH.
___________acts on the testes and ovaries to help the production of sperm and egg cells.
The skeletal system is composed of bones and ___________.
Bones serve as a reservoir for minerals like ___________.
The___________ skeleton is composed of the bones of the hip, shoulder, and limbs.
Bones are kept in place by___________ and moved by ___________.
A bone-weakening disease called___________ occurs when bone is removed faster than it is rebuilt.
A muscle___________ is composed of a single cell.
Parallel filaments inside the cell are called ___________.
The unit of contraction of a muscle fiber is a ___________.
A sarcomere is composed of the proteins___________ and ___________.
The sarcomere is found between the___________ disks in the myofibril.
On average, males have more calorie-burning___________ tissue than females.
Males and females store body___________ in different locations.
To maintain fertility, females need more___________ than males.
___________life expectancy is longer than ___________.
Females have fewer blood vessels and less total blood___________ than males.
Male and female mammals have mammary glands. Mammary glands will lactate, or release milk, in response to the presence of the pituitary hormone prolactin. Prolactin can be secreted by the brains of
List the endocrine organs involved in producing sex differences and describe their functions.
Describe bone structure.
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the parts of a muscle.
Steroid hormones act by _________.A. Causing neurons to fire;B. Increasing muscle contraction;C. Diffusing across membranes and regulating the expression of genes;D. Binding to receptors on the cell
The endocrine organ that sits atop a kidney is _________.A. The pituitary gland;B. The hypothalamus;C. The ovary;D. The adrenal gland; E. the testicle
Bones of the limbs form part of the _________.A. Appendicular skeleton;B. Axial skeleton;C. Spongy bone;D. Compact bone
Osteoblasts _________.A. Are found in the marrow of bone;B. Regulate bone deposition;C. Regulate bone reabsorption;D. Are more active when calcium is low
The antagonistic pairs of arm and leg muscles _________.A. Allow healthy muscles to compensate for injured ones;B. Allow muscles to produce opposing movements;C. Allow different types of rotations of
During muscle contraction, _________.A. The actin heads pull the sarcomere closed;B. Myosin attaches to actin, pulls it toward the center of the sarcomere, releases it, and reattaches farther
Which of the following is a true statement regarding muscle contraction?A. Actin filaments are stationary, and myosin heads can move;B. Z discs are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere;C. Actin
When it comes to sex differences, the overlap between genders, even in terms of anatomical differences, can be quite significant. For instance, the female and male pelvises have different shapes,
Males experiencing infertility are often advised to wear loose-fitting pants and underwear. How might this practice help increase sperm production?
Some studies have shown that chronic marijuana use can lower testosterone levels in males. This can lead to breast development in males, a condition called gynomastia.Why might this occur?
The fertilized egg cell is called the ________.
Rapid cleavage divisions of the fertilized egg cell first produce a solid ball of cells called the ________.
Implantation occurs when the developing embryo attaches to the________ lining.
The brain develops from the________ layer of the gastrula.
________occurs when chemical signals turn some genes in a cell on, and others off, resulting in a cell becoming able to perform its specialized function. (a) Lack of brain development (b) Scarring
The dominant hormone released by the ovary early in the menstrual cycle is ________.
The dominant hormone released from the ovary in the second half of the menstrual cycle is ________.
Hormonal birth control methods can prevent ovulation by preventing the surge in ________.
Some hormonal birth control methods prevent the embryo from implanting in the .
________methods of birth control prevent sperm and egg from coming in to contact with each other.
The________ is the endocrine organ involved in nutrient and gas exchange that is produced by the cooperative actions of the embryo and the mother’s uterus.
The implanted________ infiltrates the uterine lining, forming projections that allow nutrient and waste exchange between the blood of the mother and developing fetus.
The placenta secretes the hormone ________, which helps stimulate lactation.
The hormone________ exhibits positive feedback on the uterus during labor.
The membranous sac that cushions and protects the developing baby and ruptures during labor is called the ________.
The normal cycling of estrogen that occurs in a fertile female involves an increase in estrogen level before the release of an egg cell from the ovary.Ovulation occurs around the 14th day of a
Why can two cells with the same DNA have different structures and functions?
What does the inner cell mass of the blastocyst give rise to?
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the rise and fall of hormones involved in menstruation. 0 7 14 Days 21 28
Ovulation occurs in response to _________.A. A decrease in estrogen;B. An increase in FSH;C. An increase in LH;D. An increase in progesterone
Menstruation is regulated such that _________.A. Increasing estrogen levels have a positive feedback effect on FSH and LH;B. Increasing FSH levels lead to ovulation;C. As progesterone levels
Which layer of the developing embryo gives rise to the brain and nervous system?A. Endoderm;B. Mesoderm;C. Lipoderm;D. Ectoderm
Which hormone helps prepare the uterus for implantation?A. Estrogen;B. Progesterone;C. LH;D. FSH
The remnant of the follicle that remains in the ovary after ovulation is called the A. Trophoblast;B. Gastrula;C. Corpus luteum;D. Placenta
Projections of which structure carry fetal blood?A. Trophoblast;B. Gastrula;C. Placenta;D. Ectoderm
Which hormone exhibits positive feedback on the brain during labor?A. FSH;B. Oxytocin;C. Testosterone;D. Estrogen
Assume a woman was infected with Zika when she is a teenager. In her mid-20s she becomes pregnant. Will her child be affected? Why or why not?
The Zika virus is present in the blood during the time of active infection, typically for about 1 week. Assume you have some of the symptoms of Zika infection and see your physician a week or so

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